Gram stains have limited application in the diagnosis of infected total knee arthroplasty

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

Volumn 15, Issue 10, 2011, Pages

  Zywiel, Michael G ^a   Stroh, D Alex ^a   Johnson, Aaron J ^a   Marker, David R ^a   Mont, Michael A ^a  

^a SINAI HOSPITAL OF BALTIMORE   (United States)

Author keywords

Gram stain; Periprosthetic infection; Total knee arthroplasty

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL EVALUATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FEMALE; GRAM STAINING; HUMAN; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROSTHESIS INFECTION; REOPERATION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ARTHROPLASTY, REPLACEMENT, KNEE; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; FEMALE; GENTIAN VIOLET; HUMANS; KNEE JOINT; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PHENAZINES; PROSTHESIS-RELATED INFECTIONS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY;

EID: 80053287573     PISSN: 12019712     EISSN: 18783511     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2011.05.015     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Hanssen A.D., Rand J.A. Evaluation and treatment of infection at the site of a total hip or knee arthroplasty. Instr Course Lect 1999, 48:111-122.
2. Tohtz S.W., Muller M., Morawietz L., Winkler T., Perka C. Validity of frozen sections for analysis of periprosthetic loosening membranes. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2010, 468(3):762-768.
3. Feldman D.S., Lonner J.H., Desai P., Zuckerman J.D. The role of intraoperative frozen sections in revision total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1995, 77:1807-1813.
4. Lonner J.H., Desai P., Dicesare P.E., Steiner G., Zuckerman J.D. The reliability of analysis of intraoperative frozen sections for identifying active infection during revision hip or knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996, 78:1553-1558.
5. Athanasou N.A., Pandey R., de Steiger R., McLardy Smith P. The role of intraoperative frozen sections in revision total joint arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1997, 79:1433-1434.
6. Morawietz L., Tiddens O., Mueller M., Tohtz S., Gansukh T., Schroeder J.H., et al. Twenty-three neutrophil granulocytes in 10 high-power fields is the best histopathological threshold to differentiate between aseptic and septic endoprosthesis loosening. Histopathology 2009, 54:847-853.
7. Ghanem E., Parvizi J., Burnett R.S., Sharkey P.F., Keshavarzi N., Aggarwal A., Barrack R.L. Cell count and differential of aspirated fluid in the diagnosis of infection at the site of total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008, 90:1637-1643.
8. Parvizi J., Ghanem E., Sharkey P., Aggarwal A., Burnett R.S., Barrack R.L. Diagnosis of infected total knee: findings of a multicenter database. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008, 466:2628-2633.
9. Greidanus N.V., Masri B.A., Garbuz D.S., Wilson S.D., McAlinden M.G., Xu M., Duncan C.P. Use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein level to diagnose infection before revision total knee arthroplasty. A prospective evaluation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2007, 89:1409-1416.
10. Bernard L., Lubbeke A., Stern R., Bru J.P., Feron J.M., Peyramond D., et al. Value of preoperative investigations in diagnosing prosthetic joint infection: retrospective cohort study and literature review. Scand J Infect Dis 2004, 36:410-416.
11. Ghanem E., Azzam K., Seeley M., Joshi A., Parvizi J. Staged revision for knee arthroplasty infection: what is the role of serologic tests before reimplantation? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2009, 467:1699-1705.
12. Leone J.M., Hanssen A.D. Management of infection at the site of a total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005, 87:2335-2348.
13. Gram H.C. Über die isolierte Färbung der Schizomyceten in Schnitt- und Trockenpräparaten. Fortschritte der Medizin 1884, 2:185-189.
14. Popescu A., Doyle R.J. The Gram stain after more than a century. Biotech Histochem 1996, 71:145-151.
15. Anevlavis S., Petroglou N., Tzavaras A., Maltezos E., Pneumatikos I., Froudarakis M., et al. A prospective study of the diagnostic utility of sputum Gram stain in pneumonia. J Infect 2009, 59:83-89.
16. Sogaard M., Norgaard M., Schonheyder H.C. First notification of positive blood cultures and the high accuracy of the Gram stain report. J Clin Microbiol 2007, 45:1113-1117.
17. Wiwanitkit V., Udomsantisuk N., Boonchalermvichian C. Diagnostic value and cost utility analysis for urine Gram stain and urine microscopic examination as screening tests for urinary tract infection. Urol Res 2005, 33:220-222.
18. Chimento G.F., Finger S., Barrack R.L. Gram stain detection of infection during revision arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1996, 78:838-839.
19. Della Valle C.J., Scher D.M., Kim Y.H., Oxley C.M., Desai P., Zuckerman J.D., Di Cesare P.E. The role of intraoperative Gram stain in revision total joint arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty 1999, 14:500-504.
20. Ghanem E., Ketonis C., Restrepo C., Joshi A., Barrack R., Parvizi J. Periprosthetic infection: where do we stand with regard to Gram stain? Acta Orthop 2009, 80:37-40.
21. Morgan P.M., Sharkey P., Ghanem E., Parvizi J., Clohisy J.C., Burnett R.S., Barrack R.L. The value of intraoperative Gram stain in revision total knee arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009, 91:2124-2129.
22. Newcombe R.G. Two-sided confidence intervals for the single proportion: comparison of seven methods. Stat Med 1998, 17:857-872.
23. Banit D.M., Kaufer H., Hartford J.M. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2002, (401):230-238.