Prevalence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults With Hip Fractures

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

Volumn 12, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 556-564

  Seitz, Dallas P ^a   Adunuri, Nikesh ^b   Gill, Sudeep S ^a   Rochon, Paula A ^c  

^a QUEEN S UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c WOMEN S COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Cognitive impairment; Dementia; Hip fractures; Meta analysis; Systematic review

Indexed keywords

AGING; COGNITIVE DEFECT; COMMUNITY; DEMENTIA; HIP FRACTURE; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; PREVALENCE; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; SCREENING TEST;

EID: 80053193834     PISSN: 15258610     EISSN: 15389375     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2010.12.001     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Gullberg B., Johnell O., Kanis J.A. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int 1997, 7:407-413.
2. Hannan E.L., Magaziner J., Wang J.J., et al. Mortality and locomotion 6 months after hospitalization for hip fracture: Risk factors and risk-adjusted hospital outcomes. JAMA 2001, 285:2736-2742.
3. Leibson C.L., Tosteson A.N., Gabriel S.E., et al. Mortality, disability, and nursing home use for persons with and without hip fracture: A population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50:1644-1650.
4. Jiang H.X., Majumdar S.R., Dick D.A., et al. Development and initial validation of a risk score for predicting in-hospital and 1-year mortality in patients with hip fractures. J Bone Miner Res 2005, 20:494-500.
5. Burge R., Dawson-Hughes B., Solomon D.H., et al. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis-related fractures in the United States, 2005-2025. J Bone Miner Res 2007, 22:465-475.
6. Wiktorowicz M.E., Goeree R., Papaioannou A., et al. Economic implications of hip fracture: Health service use, institutional care and cost in Canada. Osteoporos Int 2001, 12:271-278.
7. Ross P.D., Davis J.W., Vogel J.M., et al. A critical review of bone mass and the risk of fractures in osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int 1990, 46:149-161.
8. Marks R., Allegrante J.P., MacKenzie C.R., et al. Hip fractures among the elderly: Causes, consequences and control. Aging Res Rev 2003, 2:57-93.
9. Robbins J., Aragaki A.K., Kooperberg C., et al. Factors associated with 5-year risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. JAMA 2007, 298:2389-2398.
10. Brown J.P., Josse R.G. Scientific Advisory Council of the Osteoporosis Society of Canada. 2002 clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in Canada. CMAJ 2002, 167:S1-34.
11. Laditka J.N., Laditka S.B., Cornman C.B. Evaluating hospital care for individuals with Alzheimer's disease using inpatient quality indicators. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2005, 20:27-36.
12. Gruneir A., Bell C.M., Bronskill S.E., et al. Frequency and pattern of emergency department visits by long-term care residents-a population-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2010, 58:510-517.
13. Juby A.G. The use of calcaneal ultrasound evaluation of bone mineral density in cognitively impaired seniors. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2004, 5:377-381.
14. Buchner D.M., Larson E.B. Falls and fractures in patients with Alzheimer-type dementia. JAMA 1987, 257:1492-1495.
15. Weller I., Schatzker J. Hip fractures and Alzheimer's disease in elderly institutionalized Canadians. Ann Epidemiol 2004, 14:319-324.
16. Marcantonio E.R., Flacker J.M., Michaels M., et al. Delirium is independently associated with poor functional recovery after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000, 48:618-624.
17. Givens J.L., Sanft T.B., Marcantonio E.R. Functional recovery after hip fracture: The combined effects of depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, and delirium. J Am Geriatr Soc 2008, 56:1075.
18. Kuokkanen H.O., Korkala O.L. Factors affecting survival of patients with hip fractures. Acta Orthop Belg 1992, 58:425-428.
19. Petersen M.B., Jorgensen H.L., Hansen K., et al. Factors affecting postoperative mortality of patients with displaced femoral neck fracture. Injury 2006, 37:705-711.
20. Clayer M.T., Bauze R.J. Morbidity and mortality following fractures of the femoral neck and trochanteric region: Analysis of risk factors. J Trauma 1989, 29:1673-1678.
21. Shamash K., O'Connell K., Lowy M., et al. Psychiatric morbidity and outcome in elderly patients undergoing emergency hip surgery: A one-year follow-up study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1992, 7:505-509.
22. Wood D.J., Ions G.K., Quinby J.M., et al. Factors which influence mortality after subcapital hip fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1992, 74:199-202.
23. Moher D., Liberati A., Tetzlaff J., Altman D.G. The PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLOS Med 2009, 6:e1000097.
24. Formiga F., Lopez-Soto A., Duaso E., et al. Characteristics of fall-related hip fractures in community-dwelling elderly patients according to cognitive status. Aging Clin Exp Res 2008, 20:434-438.
25. Gustafson Y., Brannstrom B., Norberg A., et al. Underdiagnosis and poor documentation of acute confusional states in elderly hip fracture patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1991, 39:760-765.
26. Lundstrom M., Edlund A., Bucht G., et al. Dementia after delirium in patients with femoral neck fractures. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:1002.
27. Bellelli G., Frisoni G.B., Turco R., et al. Depressive symptoms combined with dementia affect 12-months survival in elderly patients after rehabilitation post-hip fracture surgery. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2008, 23:1073-1077.
28. Edlund A., Lundstrom M., Lundstrom G., et al. Clinical profile of delirium in patients treated for femoral neck fractures. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 1999, 10:325-329.
29. Billig N., Ahmed S.W., Kenmore P.I., et al. Assessment of depression and cognitive impairment after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986, 34:499-503.
30. DeWaters T., FautCallahan M., McCann J.J., et al. Comparison of self-reported pain and the PAINAD Scale in hospitalized cognitively impaired and intact older adults after hip fracture surgery. Orthop Nurs 2008, 27:21-28.
31. Feldt K.S., Ryden M.B., Miles S. Treatment of pain in cognitively impaired compared with cognitively intact older patients with hip-fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998, 46:1079-1085.
32. Gruber-Baldini A.L., Zimmerman S., Morrison R.S., et al. Cognitive impairment in hip fracture patients: Timing of detection and longitudinal follow-up. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:1227-1236.
33. Michelson J.D., Myers A., Jinnah R., et al. Epidemiology of hip fractures among the elderly: Risk factors for fracture type. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1995, 311:129-135.
34. Moncada L.V., Andersen R.E., Franckowiak S.C., et al. The impact of cognitive impairment on short-term outcomes of hip fracture patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2006, 43:45-52.
35. Robbins J.A., Biggs M.L., Cauley J. Adjusted mortality after hip fracture: From the cardiovascular health study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006, 54:1885-1891.
36. Williams M.A., Campbell E.B., Raynor W.J., et al. Reducing acute confusional states in elderly patients with hip fractures. Res Nurs Health 1985, 8:329-337.
37. Freter S.H., George J., Dunbar M.J., et al. Prediction of delirium in fractured neck of femur as part of routine preoperative nursing care. Age Ageing 2005, 34:387.
38. Forster M.C., Pardiwala A., Calthorpe D. Analgesia requirements following hip fracture in the cognitively impaired. Injury 2000, 31:435-436.
39. Holmes J. Psychiatric illness and length of stay in elderly patients with hip fractures. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 1996, 11:607-611.
40. Sikand M., Wenn R., Moran C.G. Mortality following surgery for undisplaced intracapsular hip fractures. Injury 2004, 35:1015-1019.
41. Williams A., Jester R. Delayed surgical fixation of fractured hips in older people: Impact on mortality. J Adv Nurs 2005, 52:63-69.
42. Milisen K., Abraham I.L., Broos P.L. Postoperative variation in neurocognitive and functional status in elderly hip fracture patients. J Adv Nurs 1998, 27:59-67.
43. Galanakis P., Bickel H., Gradinger R., et al. Acute confusional state in the elderly following hip surgery: Incidence, risk factors and complications. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001, 16:349-355.
44. Heikkinen T., Partanen J., Ristiniemi J., et al. Evaluation of 238 consecutive patients with the extended data set of the Standardised Audit for Hip Fractures in Europe (SAHFE). Disabil Rehabil 2005, 27:1107-1115.
45. Björkelund K.B., Hommel A., Thorngren K., et al. Factors at admission associated with 4 months outcome in elderly patients with hip fracture. AANA J 2009, 77:49-58.
46. Soderqvist A., Stromberg L., Ponzer S., et al. Documenting the cognitive status of hip fracture patients using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. J Clin Nurs 2006, 15:308-314.
47. Bruce D., Laurance I., Ng L., et al. Undernourished patients with hip fracture: Poor outcome is not due to excess infections. Australas J Ageing 1999, 18:119-123.
48. Beloosesky Y., Grinblat J., Epelboym B., et al. Functional gain of hip fracture patients in different cognitive and functional groups. Clin Rehabil 2002, 16:321-328.
49. Goldstein F.C., Strasser D.C., Woodard J.L., et al. Functional outcome of cognitively impaired hip fracture patients on a geriatric rehabilitation unit. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997, 45:35-42.
50. Mast B.T., MacNeill S.E., Lichtenberg P.A. Geropsychological problems in medical rehabilitation: Dementia and depression among stroke and lower extremity fracture patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 1999, 54A:M607-612.
51. Resnick B., Daly M.P. The effect of cognitive status on outcomes following rehabilitation. Fam Med 1997, 29:400-405.
52. Steiner J.F., Kramer A.M., Eilertsen T.B., et al. Development and validation of a clinical prediction rule for prolonged nursing home residence after hip fracture. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997, 45:1510-1514.
53. Cree M., Carriere K.C., Soskolne C.L., et al. Functional dependence after hip fracture. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2001, 80:736-743.
54. Dalliere O., Blanchon M.A., Blanc P., et al. Impact of frailty factors in elderly people older than 75 years with prosthesis of the hip. Ann Readapt Med Phys 2004, 47:627-633.
55. Rolland Y., Pillard F., Lauwers-Cances V., et al. Rehabilitation outcome of elderly patients with hip fracture and cognitive impairment. Disabil Rehabil 2004, 26:425-431.
56. Di Monaco M., Vallero F., Di Monaco R., et al. Hip-fracture type does not affect the functional outcome after acute in-patient rehabilitation: A study of 684 elderly women. Eura Medicophys 2007, 43:439-444.
57. Hakkinen A., Heinonen M., Kautiainen H., et al. Effect of cognitive impairment on basic activities of daily living in hip fracture patients: A 1-year follow-up. Aging Clin Exp Res 2007, 19:139-144.
58. Raivio M., Korkala O., Pitkala K., et al. Rehabilitation outcome in hip-fracture: Impact of weight-bearing restriction-A preliminary investigation. Phys Occup Ther Geriatr 2004, 22:1-9.
59. Adunsky A., Fleissig Y., Levenkrohn S., et al. A comparative study of Mini-Mental Test, Clock Drawing Task and Cognitive-FIM in evaluating functional outcome of elderly hip fracture patients. Clin Rehabil 2002, 16:414-419.
60. Hershkovitz A., Kalandariov Z., Hermush V., et al. Factors affecting short-term rehabilitation outcomes of disabled elderly patients with proximal hip fracture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007, 88:916-921.
61. Formiga F., Lopez-Soto A., Duaso E., et al. Differences in the characteristics of elderly patients suffering from hip fracture due to falls according to place of residence. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2007, 8:533-537.
62. Canadian study of health and aging: Study methods and prevalence of dementia. CMAJ 1994, 150:899-913. Canadian Study of Health and Aging Study Group.
63. Ferri C.P., Prince M., Brayne C., et al. Global prevalence of dementia: A Delphi consensus study. Lancet 2005, 366:2112-2117.
64. 2009 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 2009, 5:234-270. Alzheimer's Association.
65. Seitz D., Purandare N., Conn D. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older adults in long-term care homes: A systematic review. Int Psychogeriatr 2010, 22:1025-1039.
66. Kanis J., Johnell O., Gullberg B., et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in men from southern Europe: The MEDOS study. Mediterranean Osteoporosis Study. Osteoporos Int 1999, 9:45-54.
67. Guo Z., Wills P., Viitanen M., et al. Cognitive impairment, drug use, and the risk of hip fracture in persons over 75 years old: A community-based prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 1998, 148:887-892.
68. Nakamura K., Takahashi S., Oyama M., et al. Incidence and risk factors associated with hip fracture in institutionalised elderly people in Japan. Age Ageing 2009, 38:478-482.
69. Natawala A., Potluri R., Uppal H., et al. Reasons for hospital admissions in dementia patients in Birmingham, UK, during 2002-2007. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2008, 26:499-505.
70. van Doorn C., Gruber-Baldini A.L., Zimmerman S., et al. Dementia as a risk factor for falls and fall injuries among nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003, 51:1213-1218.
71. Graafmans W.C., Ooms M.E., Hofstee H.M., et al. Falls in the elderly: A prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles. Am J Epidemiol 1996, 143:1129-1136.
72. Yamanashi A., Yamazaki K., Kanamori M., et al. Assessment of risk factors for second hip fractures in Japanese elderly. Osteoporos Int 2005, 16:1239-1246.
73. Yaffe K., Browner W., Cauley J., et al. Association between bone mineral density and cognitive decline in older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999, 47:1176-1182.
74. Llewellyn D.J., Lang I.A., Langa K.M., et al. Vitamin D and risk of cognitive decline in elderly persons. Arch Intern Med 2010, 170:1135-1141.
75. Sato Y., Kanoko T., Satoh K., et al. The prevention of hip fracture with risedronate and ergocalciferol plus calcium supplementation in elderly women with Alzheimer disease: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 2005, 165:1737-1742.
76. van Dortmont L.M., Douw C.M., van Breukelen A.M., et al. Outcome after hemi-arthroplasty for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture related to mental state. Injury 2000, 31:327-331.
77. Munin M.C., Seligman K., Dew M.A., et al. Effect of rehabilitation site on functional recovery after hip fracture. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005, 86:367-372.
78. Halbert J., Crotty M., Whitehead C., et al. Multi-disciplinary rehabilitation after hip fracture is associated with improved outcome: A systematic review. J Rehabil Med 2007, 39:507-512.
79. Bentler S.E., Liu L., Obrizan M., et al. The aftermath of hip fracture: Discharge placement, functional status change, and mortality. Am J Epidemiol 2009, 170:1290-1299.
80. Heruti R.J., Lusky A., Barell V., et al. Cognitive status at admission: Does it affect the rehabilitation outcome of elderly patients with hip fracture?. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999, 80:432-436.
81. Landi F., Bernabei R., Russo A., et al. Predictors of rehabilitation outcomes in frail patients treated in a geriatric hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50:679-684.
82. Huusko T.M., Karppi P., Avikainen V., et al. Randomised, clinically controlled trial of intensive geriatric rehabilitation in patients with hip fracture: Subgroup analysis of patients with dementia. BMJ 2000, 321:1107-1111.
83. Beloosesky Y., Grinblat J., Epelboym B., et al. Dementia does not significantly affect complications and functional gain in elderly patients operated on for intracapsular hip fracture. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2001, 121:257-260.
84. Fick D.M., Agostini J.V., Inouye S.K. Delirium superimposed on dementia: A systematic review. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002, 50:1723-1732.
85. O'Keeffe S.T., Mulkerrin E.C., Nayeem K., et al. Use of serial Mini-Mental State Examinations to diagnose and monitor delirium in elderly hospital patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005, 53:867-870.