Tree mortality and snag dynamics in North American boreal tree species after a wildfire: A long-term study

International Journal of Wildland Fire

Volumn 20, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 751-763

  Angers, Virginie A ^a,b   Gauthier, Sylvie ^c   Drapeau, Pierre ^a,b   Jayen, Karelle ^b   Bergeron, Yves ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC EN ABITIBI TÉMISCAMINGUE   (Canada)

^c LAURENTIAN FORESTRY CENTRE   (Canada)

Author keywords

black spruce; delayed tree mortality; fire severity; jack pine; Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP; Pinus banksiana Lamb.; Populus tremuloides Michx.; Quebec; salvage logging; survival analysis; trembling aspen

Indexed keywords

PICEA MARIANA; PINUS BANKSIANA; POPULUS TREMULOIDES;

EID: 80053123375     PISSN: 10498001     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WF10010     Document Type: Review

References (81)

1. Aakala T, Kuuluvainen T, Gauthier S, De Grandpré L (2008) Standing dead trees and their decay-class dynamics in the north-eastern boreal oldgrowth forests of Quebec. Forest Ecology and Management 255, 410-420. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2007.09.008 (Pubitemid 351226398)
2. Alban DH, Pastor J (1993) Decomposition of aspen, spruce, and pine boles on two sites in Minnesota. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, 1744-1749. doi:10.1139/X93-220 (Pubitemid 24410700)
3. Allison PD (1995) 'Survival Analysis using the SAS System, a Practical Guide.' (SAS Institute: Cary, NC)
4. Angers VA, Drapeau P, Bergeron Y (2010) Snag degradation pathways of four North American boreal tree species. Forest Ecology and Management 259, 246-256. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2009.09.026
5. Basham JT (1991) Stem decay in living trees in Ontario's forests: A user's compendium and guide. Forestry Canada, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Information Report O-X-408. (Sault Ste Marie, ON)
6. Bergeron Y, Leduc A, Harvey BD, Gauthier S (2002) Natural fire regime: A guide for sustainable management of the Canadian boreal forest. Silva Fennica 36, 81-95. (Pubitemid 34527195)
7. Bergeron Y, Gauthier S, Flannigan M, Kafka V (2004) Fire regimes at the transition between mixedwood and coniferous boreal forest in northwestern Quebec. Ecology 85, 1916-1932. doi:10.1890/02-0716 (Pubitemid 39188124)
8. Boddy L (2001) Fungal community ecology and wood decomposition processes in angiosperms: From standing tree to complete decay of coarse woody debris. Ecological Bulletins 49, 43-56.
9. Bond-Lamberty B, Gower ST (2008) Decomposition and fragmentation of coarse woody debris: Re-visiting a boreal black spruce chronosequence. Ecosystems 11, 831-840. doi:10.1007/S10021-008-9163-Y
10. Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C, Gower ST (2002) Annual carbon flux from woody debris for a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. Journal of Geophysical Research 107, 8220. doi:10.1029/2001JD000839
11. Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C, Gower ST (2004) Net primary production and net ecosystem production of a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. Global Change Biology 10, 473-487. doi:10.1111/J.1529-8817.2003.0742.X (Pubitemid 38502811)
12. Boulanger Y, Sirois L (2006) Post-fire dynamics of black spruce coarse woody debris in northern boreal forest of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, 1770-1780. doi:10.1139/X06-070 (Pubitemid 44426995)
13. Brais S, Paré D, Lierman C (2006) Tree bole mineralization rates of four species of the Canadian eastern boreal forest: Implications for nutrient dynamics following stand-replacing disturbances. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, 2331-2340. doi:10.1139/X06-136 (Pubitemid 44945408)
14. Brown JK, DeByle NV (1987) Fire damage, mortality and suckering in aspen. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, 1100-1109. doi:10.1139/ X87-168
15. Burnham KP, Anderson DR (2002) 'Model Selection and Multimodel Inference: A Practical Information-theoretic Approach.' 2nd edn (Springer-Verlag: New York)
16. Chambers CL, Mast JN (2005) Ponderosa pine snag dynamics and cavity excavation following wildfire in northern Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management 216, 227-240. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2005.05.033 (Pubitemid 41323767)
17. Cline SP, Berg AB, Wight HM (1980) Snag characteristics and dynamics in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. The Journal of Wildlife Management 44, 773-786. doi:10.2307/3808305
18. Dahms WG(1949) How long do ponderosa pine snags stand? USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station Research Note 57. (Portland, OR)
19. Drapeau P, Nappi A, Giroux J-F, Leduc A, Savard J-P (2002) Distribution patterns of birds associated with snags in natural and managed eastern boreal forests. In 'Proceedings of the Symposium on the Ecology and Management of Dead Wood in Western Forests', Reno, NV. (Eds WF Laudenslayer, PJ Shea, BE Valentine, CP Weatherspoon, TE Lisle)
20. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, General Technical Report PSW-GTR-181, pp. 193-205. (Albany, CA)
21. Drapeau P, Nappi A, Imbeau L, Saint-Germain M (2009) Standing deadwood for keystone bird species in the eastern boreal forest: Managing for snag dynamics. Forestry Chronicle 85, 227-234.
22. Erickson HE, Edmonds RL, Peterson CE (1985) Decomposition of logging residues in Douglas-fir, western hemlock, Pacific silver fir, and ponderosa pine ecosystems. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 15, 914-921. doi:10.1139/X85-147 (Pubitemid 17245688)
23. ESRI (2000) 'ArcView GIS 3.2.' (Environmental Systems Research Institute Inc.: Redlands, CA)
24. Esseen P-A (1994) Tree mortality patterns after experimental fragmentation of an old-growth conifer forest. Biological Conservation 68, 19-28. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(94)90542-8 (Pubitemid 2048054)
25. Everett R, Lehmkuhl J, Schellhaas R, Ohlson P, Keenum D, Riesterer H, Spurbeck D (1999) Snag dynamics in a chronosequence of 26 wildfires on the east slope of the Cascade Range in Washington state, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 9, 223-234. doi:10.1071/ WF00011 (Pubitemid 33227283)
26. Garber SM, Brown JP, Wilson DS, Maguire DA, Heath LS (2005) Snag longevity under alternative silvicultural regimes in mixed-species forests of central Maine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35, 787-796. doi:10.1139/X05-021 (Pubitemid 41026530)
27. Gauthier S, De Grandpré L, Bergeron Y (2000) Differences in forest composition in two boreal forest ecoregions of Quebec. Journal of Vegetation Science 11, 781-790. doi:10.2307/3236548 (Pubitemid 32148816)
28. Greene DF, Noël J, Bergeron Y, Rousseau M, Gauthier S (2004) Recruitment of Picea mariana, Pinus banksiana and Populus tremuloides across a burn severity gradient following wildfire in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, 1845-1857. doi:10.1139/X04-059 (Pubitemid 39588130)
29. Hannon S, Drapeau P (2005) Bird responses to burning and logging in the boreal forest of Canada. Studies in Avian Biology 30, 97-115. (Pubitemid 41276498)
30. Harmon ME, Franklin JF, Swanson FJ, Sollins P, Gregory SV, Lattin JD, Anderson NH, Cline SP, Aumen NG, Sedell JR, Lienkaemper GW, Cromack K, Jr, CumminsKW(1986) Ecology of coarse woody debris in temperate ecosystems. Advances in Ecological Research 15, 133-302. doi:10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60121-X
31. Harper K, Lesieur D, Bergeron Y, Drapeau P (2004) Forest structure and composition at young fire and cut edges in black spruce boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, 289-302. doi:10.1139/ X03-279 (Pubitemid 38600971)
32. Harrington MG (1993) Predicting Pinus ponderosa mortality from dormant season and growing season fire injury. International Journal of Wildland Fire 3, 65-72. doi:10.1071/WF9930065
33. HélyC, Flannigan M, BergeronY(2003) Modelling tree mortality following wildfire in the south-eastern Canadian mixed-wood boreal forest. Forest Science 49, 566-576. (Pubitemid 37029388)
34. Huggard DJ (1999) Static life-table analysis of fall rates of subalpine fir snags. Ecological Applications 9, 1009-1016. doi:10.1890/1051-0761 (1999)009[1009:SLTAOF]2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 29388406)
35. Jayen K (2004) Utilisation des cartes d'impact de feux pour estimer la sévérité des feux et rôle de la sévé rité des feux dans le succès de la régéné ration en forêt boréale dans le nord-ouest du Québec. MS. thesis, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
36. Jessome JP (1977) Strength and related properties of woods grown in Canada. Eastern Forest Products Laboratory, Ottawa, Forestry Technical Report 21. (Ottawa, ON)
37. Johnson EA (1992) 'Fire and Vegetation Dynamics-Studies from the North American Boreal Forest.' Cambridge Studies in Ecology. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)
38. Johnson EA, Greene DF (1991) A method for studying dead bole dynamics in Pinus contorta var. latifolia-Picea engelmannii forests. Journal of Vegetation Science 2, 523-530. doi:10.2307/3236034
39. Kafka V, Gauthier S, Bergeron Y (2001) Fire impacts and crowning in the boreal forest: Study of a large wildfire in western Quebec. International Journal of Wildland Fire 10, 119-127. doi:10.1071/WF01012
40. Kasischke ES (2000) Processes influencing carbon cycling in the North American boreal forest. In 'Fire, Climate Change and Carbon Cycling in the Boreal Forest', Ecological Studies, vol. 138. (Eds ES Kasischke, BJ Stocks) pp. 103-110. (Springer: New York)
41. Keen FP (1929) How soon do yellow pine snags fall? Journal of Forestry 27, 735-737.
42. Keyser TL, Smith FW, Lentile LB, ShepperdWD(2006) Modeling post-fire mortality of ponderosa pine following a mixed-severity wildfire in the Black Hills: The role of tree morphology and direct fire effects. Forest Science 52, 530-539. (Pubitemid 44770965)
43. Kruys N, Jonsson BG, StåhlG(2002)Astage-based matrix model for decayclass dynamics of woody debris. Ecological Applications 12, 773-781. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2002)012[0773:ASBMMF]2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 36516794)
44. Kushla JD, Ripple WJ (1997) The role of terrain in a fire mosaic of a temperate coniferous forest. Forest Ecology and Management 95, 97-107. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)82929-5 (Pubitemid 27383458)
45. Lee P (1998) Dynamics of snags in aspen-dominated midboreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management 105, 263-272. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00286-7 (Pubitemid 28228988)
46. LindenmayerDB, FosterDR, Franklin JF,HunterML,NossRF, Schmiegelow FA, PerryD(2004) Salvage harvesting policies after natural disturbance. Science 303, 1303. doi:10.1126/SCIENCE.1093438 (Pubitemid 38269404)
47. Mäkinen H, Hynynen JSJ, Sievänen R (2006) Predicting the decomposition of Scots pine, Norway spruce, and birch stems in Finland. Ecological Applications 16, 1865-1879. doi:10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[1865: PTDOSP]2.0.CO;2 (Pubitemid 44536932)
48. Martin K, Aitken KEH, Wiebe KL (2004) Nest sites and nest webs for cavity-nesting communities in interior British Columbia, Canada: Nest characteristics and niche partitioning. The Condor 106, 5-19. doi:10.1650/7482 (Pubitemid 38204231)
49. Mascarúa López L, Harper KA, Drapeau P (2006) Edge influence on forest structure in large forest remnants, cutblock separators, and riparian buffers in managed black spruce forests. Ecoscience 13, 226-233. doi:10.2980/I1195-6860-13-2-226.1 (Pubitemid 44083778)
50. Maser C, Anderson R, Cromack K, Jr, William JT, Martin RE (1979) Dead and down woody material. In 'Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests, the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington'. (Ed. J Thomas) USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 553, pp. 78-95. (Washington, DC)
51. Mitchell SJ (1995) The windthrow triangle: A relative windthrow hazard assessment procedure for forest managers. Forestry Chronicle 71, 446-450.
52. Morrison ML, Raphael MG (1993) Modeling the dynamics of snags. Ecological Applications 3, 322-330. doi:10.2307/1941835
53. Naesset E (1999) Decomposition rate constants of Picea abies logs in southeastern Norway. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, 372-381. doi:10.1139/X99-005
54. NappiA (2009) Sélection d'habitat et démographie du pic à dos noir dans les forêts brûlées de la forêt boréale. PhD thesis, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada.
55. Nappi A, Drapeau P (2009) Reproductive success of the black-backed woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) in burned boreal forests: Are burns source habitats? Biological Conservation 142, 1381-1391. doi:10.1016/ J.BIOCON.2009.01.022
56. Nappi A, Drapeau P, Savard J-PL (2004) Salvage logging after wildfire in the boreal forest: Is it becoming a hot issue for wildlife? Forestry Chronicle 80, 67-74. (Pubitemid 38642089)
57. Nappi A, Drapeau P, St-Germain M, Angers VA (2010) Effect of fire severity on long-term occupancy of burned boreal conifer forests by saproxylic insects and wood-foraging birds. International Journal of Wildland Fire 19, 500-511. doi:10.1071/WF08109
58. Oliveras I, Gracia M, Moré G, Retana J (2009) Factors influencing the pattern of fire severities in a large wildfire under extreme meteorological conditions in the Mediterranean basin. International Journal of Wildland Fire 18, 755-764. doi:10.1071/WF08070
59. Panshin AJ, De Zeeuw C (1980) 'Textbook of Wood Technology.' 3rd edn (McGraw-Hill: New York)
60. Passovoy MD, Fulé PZ (2006) Snag and woody debris dynamics following severe wildfires in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests. Forest Ecology and Management 223, 237-246. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2005. 11.016 (Pubitemid 43218617)
61. Payette S (1992) Fire as a controlling process in the North American boreal forest. In 'A System Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest'. (Eds HH Shugart, R Leemans, GB Bonan) pp. 144-169. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK)
62. Rayner ADM, Boddy L (1988) 'Fungal Decomposition of Wood-Its Biology and Ecology.' (Wiley: Chichester, UK)
63. Ruel J-C (1995) Understanding windthrow: Silvicultural implications. Forestry Chronicle 71, 434-445.
64. Russell RE, Saab VA, Dudley JG, Rotella JJ (2006) Snag longevity in relation to wildfire and post-fire salvage logging. Forest Ecology and Management 232, 179-187. doi:10.1016/J.FORECO.2006.05.068 (Pubitemid 44108484)
65. Ryan KC, Peterson DL, Reinhardt ED (1988) Modeling long-term firecaused mortality of Douglas-fir. Forest Science 34, 190-199. (Pubitemid 19320907)
66. Saint-Germain M, Drapeau P, Hébert C (2004) Xylophagous insect species composition and patterns of substratum use on fire-killed black spruce in central Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, 677-685. doi:10.1139/X03-235 (Pubitemid 38784067)
67. Saint-Germain M, Drapeau P, Buddle CM (2007) Host-use patterns of saproxylic phloeophagous and xylophagous Coleoptera adults and larvae along the decay gradient in standing dead black spruce and aspen. Ecography 30, 737-748. doi:10.1111/J.2007.0906-7590.05080.X (Pubitemid 350292416)
68. SAS Institute Inc. (2002) SAS, Version 9.1. (SAS Institute Inc.: Cary, NC)
69. Schmiegelow FKA, Stepnisky DP, Stambaugh CA, Koivula M (2006) Reconciling salvage logging of boreal forests with a natural-disturbance management model. Conservation Biology 20, 971-983. doi:10.1111/ J.1523-1739.2006.00496.X (Pubitemid 44116732)
70. Smirnova E, Bergeron Y, Brais S, Granström A (2008) Post-fire root distribution of Scots pine in relation to fire behaviour. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, 353-362. doi:10.1139/X07-127 (Pubitemid 351378231)
71. Smith VG, Watts M, James DF (1987) Mechanical stability of black spruce in the clay belt region of northern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, 1080-1091. doi:10.1139/X87-166
72. Storaunet KO, Rolstad J (2002) Time since death and fall of Norway spruce logs on old-growth and selectively cut boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, 1801-1812. doi:10.1139/X02-105 (Pubitemid 35368894)
73. Taylor SL, MacLean DA (2007) Dead wood dynamics in declining balsam fir and spruce stands in New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, 750-762. doi:10.1139/X06-272 (Pubitemid 47253385)
74. TremblayG(1974) Géologie du quaternaire, région de Rouyn-Noranda et de l'Abitibi, comté Abitibi-est, Québec. Ministère des Richesses Naturelles, Rapport intérimaire. (Québec, Canada)
75. Turner MG, HargroveWW, Gardner RH, RommeWH(1994) Effects of fire on landscape heterogeneity in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. Journal of Vegetation Science 5, 731-742. doi:10.2307/3235886
76. Vanderwel MC, Caspersen JP, WoodsME(2006) Snag dynamics in partially harvested and unmanaged northern hardwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36, 2769-2779. doi:10.1139/X06-173 (Pubitemid 46622532)
77. Vanha-Majamaa I, Jalonen J (2001) Green tree retention in Fennoscandian forestry. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 16, 79-90. (Pubitemid 33728617)
78. Viereck LA, Johnston WF (1990) Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP black spruce. In 'Silvics of North America: Vol. 1 Conifers'. (Eds RM Burns, BH Honkala) USDA Forest Service Agriculture Handbook 654, pp. 227-237. (Washington, DC)
79. Vincent JS, Hardy L (1977) L'évolution et l'extinction des lacs glaciaires Barlow et Ojibway en territoire québécois. Géographie Physique et Quaternaire 31, 357-372.
80. Woodall CW, Grambsch PL, Thomas W, Moser WK (2005) Survival analysis for a large-scale forest health issue: Missouri oak decline. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 108, 295-307. doi:10.1007/ S10661-005-4330-5 (Pubitemid 41386761)
81. Yatskov M, Harmon ME, Krankina ON (2003) A chronosequence of wood decomposition in the boreal forests of Russia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, 1211-1226. doi:10.1139/X03-033 (Pubitemid 350154543)