In situ quantification of supraglacial cryoconite morphodynamics using time-lapse imaging: An example from Svalbard

Journal of Glaciology

Volumn 57, Issue 204, 2011, Pages 651-657

  Irvine Fynn, Tristram D L ^a,b   Bridge, Jonathan W ^a   Hodson, Andrew J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISPERSION; DUST; ENERGY BALANCE; GLACIAL DEPOSIT; GLACIER; MASS BALANCE; MELTWATER; MICROTOPOGRAPHY; MORPHODYNAMICS; PARTICLE MOTION; SURFACE ENERGY; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

ARCTIC; SVALBARD; SVALBARD AND JAN MAYEN;

EID: 80053120533     PISSN: 00221430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3189/002214311797409695     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Anesio, A.M., B. Mindl, J. Laybourn-Parry, A.J. Hodson and B. Sattler. 2007. Viral dynamics in cryoconite holes on a high Arctic glacier (Svalbard). J. Geophys. Res., 112(G4), G04S31. (10.1029/2006JG000350.)
2. Anesio, A.M., A.J. Hodson, A. Fritz, R. Psenner and B. Sattler. 2009. High microbial activity on glaciers: importance to the global carbon cycle. Global Change Biol., 15(4), 955-960.
3. Anesio, A.M. and 6 others. 2010. Carbon fluxes through bacterial community on glacier surfaces. Ann. Glaciol., 51(56), 32-40.
4. Arendt, A. 1999. Approaches to modelling the surface albedo of a high Arctic glacier. Geogr. Ann., 81A(4), 477-487. (Pubitemid 30160104)
5. Bøggild, C.E. 1997. Different melt regimes indicated by surface albedo measurements at the Greenland ice sheet margin - application of TM image. EARSeL Adv. Remote Sens., 5, Yearbook 1997, 82-88.
6. Bøggild, C.E., R.E. Brandt, K.J. Brown and S.G. Warren. 2010. The ablation zone in northeast Greenland: ice types, albedos and impurities. J. Glaciol., 56(195), 101-113.
7. Brock, B.W. and N.S. Arnold. 2000. A spreadsheet-based (Microsoft Excel) point surface energy balance model for glacier and snowmelt studies. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 25(6), 649-658. (Pubitemid 30446479)
8. Christner, B.C., B.H. Kvito and J.N. Reeve. 2003. Molecular identification of bacteria and eukarya inhabiting an Antarctic cryoconite hole. Extremophiles, 7(3), 177-183. (Pubitemid 40876342)
9. Cook, J., A. Hodson, J. Telling, A. Anesio, T. Irvine-Fynn and C. Bellas. 2010. The mass-area relationship within cryoconite holes and its implications for primary production. Ann. Glaciol., 51(56), 106-110.
10. De Smet, W.H. and E.A. van Rompu. 1994. Rotifera and Tardigrada from some cryoconite holes on a Spitsbergen (Svalbard) glacier. Belg. J. Zool., 124(1), 27-37. (Pubitemid 2103656)
11. Edwards, A. and 7 others. 2011. Possible interactions between bacterial diversity, microbial activity and supraglacial hydrology of cryoconite holes in Svalbard. ISME J., 5(1), 150-160.
12. Etzelmüller, B., R.S. Ödegård, G. Vatne, R.S. Mysterud, T. Tonning and J.L. Sollid. 2000. Glacier characteristics and sediment transfer system of Longyearbreen and Larsbreen, western Spitsbergen. Nor. Geogr. Tidsskr., 54(4), 157-168. (Pubitemid 32050648)
13. Foreman, C.M., B. Sattler, D.L. Mikucki, D.L. Porazinska and J.C. Priscu. 2007. Metabolic activity and diversity of cryoconites in the Taylor Valley, Antarctica. J. Geophys. Res., 112(G4), G04S32. (10.1029/2006JG000358.)
14. Fountain, A.G., M. Tranter, T.H. Nylen, K.J. Lewis and D.R. Mueller. 2004. Evolution of cryoconite holes and their contribution to meltwater runoff from glaciers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. J. Glaciol., 50(168), 35-45. (Pubitemid 40067987)
15. Hanssen-Bauer, I., M.K. Solås and E.L. Steffensen. 1990. The climate of Spitsbergen. Oslo, Norwegian Meteorological Institute. (DNMI Research Report 39/90.)
16. Hodson, A.J., A.M. Gurnell, R. Washington, M. Tranter, M.J. Clark and J.O. Hagen. 1998. Meteorological and runoff time-series characteristics in a small, high-Arctic glaciated basin, Svalbard. Hydrol. Process., 12(3), 509-526. (Pubitemid 128561969)
17. Hodson, A.J., M. Tranter and G. Vatne. 2000. Contemporary rates of chemical denudation and atmospheric CO2 sequestration in glacier basins: an Arctic perspective. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 25(13), 1447-1471. (Pubitemid 32045280)
18. Hodson, A.J., P.N. Mumford, J. Kohler and P.M. Wynn. 2005a. The High Arctic glacial ecosystem: new insights from nutrient budgets. Biogeochemistry, 72(2), 233-256. (Pubitemid 40882679)
19. Hodson, A., J. Kohler and M. Brinkhaus. 2005b. Multi-year water and surface energy budget of a high-latitude polythermal glacier: evidence for overwinter storage in a dynamic subglacial reservoir. Ann. Glaciol., 42, 42-46. (Pubitemid 44322185)
20. Hodson, A.J. and 10 others. 2007. A glacier respires: quantifying the distribution and respiration CO2 flux of cryoconite across an entire Arctic supraglacial ecosystem. J. Geophys. Res., 112(G4), G04S36. (10.1029/ 2007JG000452.)
21. Hodson, A. and 7 others. 2008. Glacial ecosystems. Ecol. Monogr., 78(1), 41-67. (Pubitemid 351342473)
22. Hodson, A. and 6 others. 2010. The structure, biological activity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite aggregates upon an Arctic valley glacier: Longyearbreen, Svalbard. J. Glaciol., 56(196), 349-362.
23. Hood, E. and 6 others. 2009. Glaciers as a source of ancient and labile organic matter to the marine environment. Nature, 462(7276), 1044-1047.
24. Irvine-Fynn, T.D.L. 2008. Modelling runoff from the maritime Arctic cryosphere: water storage and routing at Midtre Lovénbreen. (PhD thesis, University of Sheffield.)
25. Irvine-Fynn, T.D.L., J.W. Bridge and A.J. Hodson. 2010. Rapid quantification of cryoconite: granule geometry and in situ supraglacial extents, using examples from Svalbard and Greenland. J. Glaciol., 56(196), 297-308.
26. Kreith, F. and J.F. Kreider. 1978. Principles of solar engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill.
27. Langford, H., A. Hodson, S. Banwart and C. Bøggild. 2010. The microstructure and biogeochemistry of Arctic cryoconite granules. Ann. Glaciol., 51(56), 87-94.
28. MacDonell, S. and S. Fitzsimons. 2008. The formation and hydrological significance of cryoconite holes. Progr. Phys. Geogr., 32(6), 595-610.
29. McIntyre, N.F. 1984. Cryoconite hole thermodynamics. Can. J. Earth Sci., 21(2), 152-156.
30. Mueller, D.R. and W.H. Pollard. 2004. Gradient analysis of cryoconite ecosystems from two polar glaciers. Polar Biol., 27(2), 66-74. (Pubitemid 38184736)
31. Müller, F. and C.M. Keeler. 1969. Errors in short-term ablation measurements on melting ice surfaces. J. Glaciol., 8(52), 91-105.
32. Podgorny, I.A. and T.C. Grenfell. 1996. Absorption of solar energy in a cryoconite hole. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(18), 2465-2468.
33. Porazinska, D.L., A.G. Fountain, T.H. Nylen, M. Tranter, R.A. Virginia and D.H. Wall. 2004. The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 36(1), 84-91. (Pubitemid 39008928)
34. Säwström, C., P. Mumford, W. Marshall, A. Hodson and J. Laybourn-Parry. 2002. The microbial communities and primary productivity of cryconite holes in an Arctic glacier (Svalbard 798N). Polar Biol., 25(8), 591-596. (Pubitemid 36064536)
35. Segawa, T., N. Takeuchi, K. Ishida, H. Kanda and S. Kohshima. 2010. Altitudinal changes in a bacterial community on Gulkana Glacier in Alaska. Microbes Environ., 25(3), 171-182.
36. Stibal, M., M. Šabacká and K. KaŠtovská . 2006. Microbial communities on glacier surfaces in Svalbard: impact of physical and chemical properties on abundance and structure of cyanobacteria and algae. Microbial Ecol., 52(4), 655-654.
37. Stibal, M., M. Tranter, L.G. Benning and J. Rehák. 2008. Microbial primary production on an Arctic glacier is insignificant in comparison with allochthonous organic carbon input. Environ. Microbiol., 10(8), 2172-2178.
38. Takeuchi, N. 2009. Temporal and spatial variations in spectral reflectance and characteristics of surface dust on Gulkana Glacier, Alaska Range. J. Glaciol., 55(192), 701-709.
39. Takeuchi, N., S. Kohshima, K. Goto-Azuma and R.M. Koerner. 2001a. Biological characteristics of dark colored material (cryoconite) on Canadian Arctic glaciers (Devon and Penny ice caps). Mem. Natl Inst. Polar Res., Special Issue 54, 495-505.
40. Takeuchi, N., S. Kohshima and K. Seko. 2001b. Structure, formation, and darkening process of albedo-reducing material (cryoconite) on a Himalayan glacier: a granular algal mat growing on the glacier. Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 33(2), 115-122. (Pubitemid 32516181)
41. Takeuchi, N., H. Nishiyama and Z. Li. 2010. Structure and formation process of cryoconite granules on Ürümqi glacier No. 1, Tien Shan, China. Ann. Glaciol., 51(56), 9-14.