Carbonate measurements in PM10 near the marble quarries of Carrara (Italy) by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF)

Atmospheric Environment

Volumn 45, Issue 35, 2011, Pages 6481-6487

  Cuccia, E ^a   Piazzalunga, A ^b   Bernardoni, V ^c   Brambilla, L ^c   Fermo, P ^c   Massabo D ^a   Molteni, U ^c   Prati, P ^a   Valli, G ^c   Vecchi, R ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Carbonate; FT IR; PM10; PMF

Indexed keywords

ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER; CARBONATE CONCENTRATIONS; CONCENTRATION VALUES; DATA SETS; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE; FT-IR; FTIR ANALYSIS; MARBLE BLOCKS; MARBLE QUARRIES; NON DESTRUCTIVE; PM10; PMF; POLLUTION SOURCES; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; SAMPLING CAMPAIGNS; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; TOWN CENTRE;

AUTOMOBILES; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CARBONATES; CARBONATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEBRIS; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; LEAD; QUARRIES; TIME SERIES; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS;

MARBLE;

AMMONIA; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CARBONIC ACID; LEAD; SODIUM; SULFATE;

AEROSOL COMPOSITION; AIR SAMPLING; ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCE; CALCIUM CARBONATE; CARBONATE; CONCENTRATION (COMPOSITION); DEBRIS FLOW; FTIR SPECTROSCOPY; HARBOR; ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; MARBLE; PARTICLE SIZE; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTANT SOURCE; QUARRY; TIME SERIES; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE;

ANALYSIS; ARTICLE; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENERGY DISPERSIVE X RAY FLUORESCENCE; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; ITALY; MEASUREMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION TRANSPORT; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TIME SERIES ANALYSIS; X RAY FLUORESCENCE;

CARRARA; ITALY; MASSA-CARRARA; TUSCANY;

EID: 80052963750     PISSN: 13522310     EISSN: 18732844     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.08.004     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Amato F., Querol X., Johansson C., Nagl C., Alastuey A. A review on the effectiveness of street sweeping, washing and dust suppressants as urban PM control methods. Science of the Total Environment 2010, 408(16):3070-3084.
2. Arimoto R., Zhang X.Y., Huebert B.J., Kang C.H., Savoie D.L., Prospero J.M., Sage S.K., Schloesslin C.A., Khaing H.M., Oh S.N. Chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols from Zhenbeitai, China, and Gosan, South Korea, during ACE-Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research 2004, 109:D19S04. 10.1029/2003JD004323.
3. Ariola V., D'Alessandro A., Lucarelli F., Marcazzan G., Mazzei F., Nava S., Garcia-Orellana I., Prati P., Valli G., Vecchi R., Zucchiatti A. Elemental characterization of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 in the town of Genoa (Italy). Chemosphere 2006, 62:226-232.
4. Bardouki H., Liakakpu H., Economou C., Sciare J., Smolík J., Ždímal V., Eleftheriadis K., Lazaridis M., Dye C., Mihalopoulos N. Chemical composition of size-resolved atmospheric aerosol in eastern Mediterranean during summer and winter. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:195-208.
5. Birch M.E., Cary R.A. Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust. Aerosol Science and Technology 1996, 25:221-241.
6. Cachier H., Bremond M.P., Buat-Ménard P. Determination of atmospheric soot carbon with a simple thermal method. Tellus B 1989, 41B:379-390.
7. Cavalli F., Viana M., Yttri K.E., Genberg J., Putaud J.-P. Toward a standardised thermal-optical protocol for measuring atmospheric organic and elemental carbon: the EUSAAR protocol. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 2010, 3:79-89.
8. Charlson R.J., Schwartz S.E., Hales J.M., Cess D., Coakley J.A., Hansen J.E., Hofmann D.J. Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosol. Science 1992, 255:423-430.
9. Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Pritchett L.C., Pierson W.R., Frazier C.A., Purcell R.G. The DRI thermal optical reflectance carbon analysis system - description, evaluation and applications in the United-States air-quality studies. Atmospheric Environment - Part A General Topics 1993, 27:1185-1201.
10. Chow J.C., Watson J.G. Ion chromatography. Elemental Analysis of Airborne Particles 1999, 97-137. Gordon and Breach Publishers, Newark, NJ. S. Landsberger, M. Creatchman (Eds.).
11. Chow J.C., Watson J.G. PM2.5 carbonate concentration at regionally representative interagency monitoring of protected visual environment sites. Journal of Geophysical Research 2002, 107:D218344. 10.1029/2001JD000574.
12. Chow J.C., Watson J.G., Ashbaugh L.L., Magliano K.L. Similarities and differences in PM10 chemical source profiles for geological dust from the San Joaquin Valley, California. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:1317-1340.
13. Coury C., Dillner A.M. A method to quantify organic functional groups and inorganic compounds in ambient aerosols using attenuated total reflectance FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate chemometric techniques. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:5923-5932.
14. D'Alessandro A., Lucarelli F., Mandò P.A., Marcazzan G., Nava S., Prati P., Valli G., Vecchi R., Zucchiatti A. Elemental composition of fine and coarse particulate matter in four major Italian towns in a winter period. Journal of Aerosol Science 2003, 34:243-259.
15. Escrig A., Monfort E., Celades I., Querol X., Amato F., Mingiullon M.C., Hopke P.K. Application of optimally scaled target factor analysis for assessing source contribution of ambient PM10. Journal of Air Waste & Management Association 2009, 59:1296-1307.
16. Fermo P., Piazzalunga A., Vecchi R., Valli G. Set-up of extraction procedures for ions quantification in aerosol samples. Chemical Engineering Transaction 2006, 10:203-208.
17. Fermo P., Piazzalunga A., Vecchi R., Valli G., Ceriani M. A TGA/FT-IR study for measuring OC and EC in aerosol samples. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2006, 6:255-266.
18. Formenti P., Nava S., Prati P., Chevaillier S., Klaver A., Mazzei F., Lafon S., Calzolai G., Chiari M. Self-attenuation artifacts and correction factors of measurements of light element concentrations by X-Ray analysis: implication for mineral dust composition studies. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 115:D01203. 10.1029/2009JD012701.
19. Gilardoni S., Liu S., Takahama S., Russell L.M., Allan J.D., Steinbrecher R., Jimenez J.L., De Carlo P.F., Dunlea E.J., Baumgardner D. Characterization of organic ambient aerosol during MIRAGE 2006 on three platforms. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2009, 9:5417-5432.
20. Gordon G.E. Receptor models. Environmental Science and Technology 1988, 22:1132-1142.
21. Heidam N.Z. Atmospheric aerosol factor models, mass and missing data. Atmospheric Environment 1982, 16:1923-1931.
22. Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernamental Panel on Climate Change 2007, IPCC, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK) and New York (USA). S. Salomons, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (Eds.).
23. Jankowski N., Schmidl C., Marr I.L., Bauer H., Puxbaum H. Comparison of methods for the quantification of carbonate carbon in atmospheric PM10 aerosol samples. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42:8055-8064.
24. Karanasiou A., Diapouli E., Viana M., Alastuey A., Querol X., Reche C., Eleftheriadis K. On the quantification of atmospheric carbonate carbon by thermal/optical analysis protocol. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussion 2010, 3:5375-5409.
25. Kouyoumdjian H., Saliba N.A. Mass concentration and ion composition of coarse and fine particles in an urban area in Beirut: effect of calcium carbonate on the absorption of nitric and sulfuric acids and the depletion of chloride. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2006, 6:1865-1877.
26. Kim E., Larson T.V., Hopke P.K., Slaughter C., Sheppard L.E., Claiborn C. Source identification of PM2.5 in an arid Northwest U.S. City by positive matrix factorization. Atmospheric Research 2003, 66:291-305.
27. Liu W., Hopke P.K., Han Y., Yi S.-M., Holsen T.M., Cybart S., Kozlowski K., Milligan M. Application of receptor modelling to atmospheric constituents at Potsdam and Stockton, NY. Atmospheric Environment 2003, 37:4997-5007.
28. Lucarelli F., Mandò P.A., Nava S., Valerio M., Prati P., Zucchiatti A. Elemental composition of urban aerosol collected in Florence, Italy. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2000, 65:165-173.
29. Lucarelli F., Mandò P.A., Nava S., Prati P., Zucchiatti A. One-year study of the elemental composition and source apportionment of PM10 aerosols in Florence, Italy. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 2004, 54:1372-1382.
30. Maria S.F., Russell L.M., Turpin B.J., Porcja R.J. FTIR measurements of functional groups and organic mass in aerosol samples over the Caribbean. Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36:5185-5196.
31. Maria S.F., Russell L.M., Turpin B.J., Porcja R.J., Campos T.L., Weber R.J., Huebert B.J. Source signatures of carbon monoxide and organic functional groups in Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) submicron aerosol types. Journal of Geophysical Research 2003, 108(D23):8637.
32. Mazzei F., D'Alessandro A., Lucarelli F., Nava S., Prati P., Valli G., Vecchi R. Characterization of particulate matter sources in an urban environment. Science of Total Environment 2008, 401:81-89.
33. Mihalopoulos N., Stephanou E., Kanakidou M., Pilitsidis S., Bousquet P. Tropospheric aerosol ionic composition in the Eastern Mediterranean resion. Tellus B 1997, 49:314-326.
34. Nicolás J.S., Galindo N., Tubero E., Pastor C., Esclapez R., Crespo J. Aerosol inorganic ions in a semiarid region on the Southeastern Spanish Mediterranean coast. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2009, 201:149-159.
35. Paatero P., Tapper U. Positive matrix factorization: a non-negative factor model with optimal utilization of error estimates of data values. Environmetrics 1994, 5:111-126.
36. Paatero P. Least squares formulation of robust, non-negative factor analysis. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems 1997, 37:23-35.
37. Paatero P. User's Guide for Positive Matrix Factorization Programs PMF2 and PMF3. Part 1: Tutorial and Part 2: Reference 2004, University of Helsinki.
38. 10 measurements in an industrialized ceramic area: comparison of source apportionment results. Atmospheric Environment 2008, 42(40):9007-9017.
39. Perrone, M.R., Piazzalunga, A., Prato, M., Carofalo, I. Composition of fine and coarse particles in a coastal site of the central Mediterranean: carbonaceous specie contributions. Atmospheric Environment, in press.
40. Pryor S.C., Sørensen L.L. Nitric acid-sea salt reactions: implications for nitrogen deposition to water surfaces. Journal of Applied Meteorology 2000, 39:725-732.
41. Qin Y., Kim E., Hopke P.K. The concentrations and sources of PM2.5 in metropolitan New York City. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40:312-332.
42. Querol X., Pey J., Pandolfi M., Alastuey A., Cusack M., Pérez N., Moreno T., Viana M., Mihalopoulos N., Kallos G., Kleanthous S. African dust contributions to mean ambient PM10 mass-levels across the Mediterranean Basin. Atmospheric Environment 2009, 43:4266-4277.
43. Ramadan Z., Song X.H., Hopke P.K. Identification of sources of phoenix aerosol by positive matrix factorization. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 2000, 50:1308-1320.
44. 2.5: results from the RIOPA. Indoor Air 2005, 15:53-61.
45. 2.5 exposure: results from the RIOPA study. Atmospheric Environment 2007, 41:4585-4598.
46. Russell L.M., Takahama S., Liu S., Hawkins L.N., Covert D.S., Quinn P.K., Bates T.S. Oxygenated fraction and mass of organic aerosol from direct emission and atmospheric processing measured on the R/V Ronald Brown during TEXAQS/GoMACCS 2006. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:D00F05.
47. Shaka' H., Saliba N.A. Concentration measurements and chemical composition of PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 at a coastal site in Beirut, Lebanon. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:523-531.
48. Seinfeld J.H., Pandis S.N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change 1998, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York.
49. ten Brink H., Maenhaut W., Hitzenberger R., Gnauk T., Spindler G., Even A., Chi X., Bauer H., Puxbaum H., Putaud J.-P., Tursic J., Berner A. INTERCOMP2000: the comparability of methods in use in Europe for measuring the carbon content of aerosol. Atmospheric Environment 2004, 38:6507-6519.
50. Thurston G.D., Spengler J.D. A quantitative assessment of source contributions to inhalable particulate matter pollution in metropolitan Boston. Atmospheric Environment 1985, 19:9-25.
51. Tsai Y.I., Kuo S.C. Development of diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy for the rapid characterization of aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 2006, 40:1781-1793.
52. Van Espen P.J., Nullens H., Adams F. A computer analysis of X-ray fluorescence spectra. Nuclear Instruments and Methods 1977, 142:243-250.
53. Viana M., Kuhlbusch T.A., Querol X., Alastuey A., Harrison R.M., Hopke P.K., Winiwarter W., Vallius M., Szidat S., Prévôt A.S.H., Hueglin C., Bloemen H., Wåhlin P., Vecchi R., Miranda A.I., Kasper-Giebl A., Maenhaut W., Hitzenberger R. Source apportionment of PM in Europe: a review of methods and results. Journal of Aerosol Science 2008, 39:827-849.