Network modeling of gas trapping and mobility in foam enhanced oil recovery

Energy and Fuels

Volumn 25, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 3974-3987

  Balan, Huseyin O ^a   Balhoff, Matthew T ^a   Nguyen, Quoc P ^a   Rossen, William R ^b  

^a The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^b DELFT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BINGHAM PLASTIC; EFFECTIVE RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES; EFFECTIVE VISCOSITY; ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY; FUNCTION OF PRESSURE; GAS FLOWING; GAS RELATIVE PERMEABILITIES; GAS SUPERFICIAL VELOCITY; GAS TRAPPING; GASPHASE; HERSCHEL-BULKLEY FLUIDS; MECHANISTIC MODELS; NETWORK MODELING; NETWORK MODELS; NEW MODEL; ONE-FLUID MODEL; PERCOLATION THEORY; PORE NETWORKS;

ENHANCED RECOVERY; GASES; POROUS MATERIALS; PRESSURE GRADIENT; SANDSTONE; SOLVENTS; SPHERES; VISCOSITY;

GAS PERMEABILITY;

EID: 80052907543     PISSN: 08870624     EISSN: 15205029     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ef2006707     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Schramm, L. L. Foams: Basic Principles. In Foams: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry; Schramm, L. L., Ed.; ACS Advances in Chemistry Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; Vol. 242, pp 3-45.
2. Rossen, W. R. Foams in Enhanced Oil Recovery. In Foams: Theory, Measurement, and Applications; Prud'homme, R. K., Khan, S., Eds.; Surfactant Science Series; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1996; Vol. 57, pp 413-465.
3. Srivastava, M.; Nguyen, Q. P. Application of Gas for Mobility Control in Chemical EOR in Problematic Carbonate Reservoirs. In Proceedings of the SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, April 24-28, 2010.
4. Srivastava, M.; Zhang, J.; Nguyen, Q. P.; Pope, G. A. Systematic Study of Alkaline-Surfactant-Gas Injection for EOR JPT, J. Pet. Technol. 2010, 62, 1
5. Hirasaki, G. J.; Jackson, R. E.; Jin, C.; Lawson, J. B.; Londergan, J.; Meinardus, H.; Miller, C. A.; Pope, G. A.; Szafranski, R.; Tanzil, D. Field Demonstration of the Surfactant/Foam Process for Remediation of a Heterogeneous Aquifer Contaminated with DNAPL. In NAPL Removal: Surfactants, Foams, and Microemulsions; Fiorenza, S.; Miller, C. A.; Oubre, C. L.; Ward, C. H., Eds.; Lewis Publishers: Boca Raton, FL, 2000.
6. Gdanski, R. D. Experience and Research Show Best Designs for Foam-Diverted Acidizing Oil Gas J. 1993, 91 (36) 85-89
7. Falls, A. H.; Hirasaki, G. J.; Patzek, T. W.; Gauglitz, D. A.; Miller, D. D.; Ratulowski, T. Development of a Mechanistic Foam Simulator: The Population Balance and Generation by Snap-Off SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 1988, 3 (3) 884-892
8. Falls, A. H.; Musters, J. J.; Ratulowski, J. The Apparent Viscosity of Foams in Homogeneous Bead Packs SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 1989, 4 (2) 155-264
9. Rossen, W. R.; Wang, M. W. Modeling Foams for Acid Diversion SPE J. (Soc. Pet. Eng.) 1999, 4, 92-100
10. Persoff, P.; Pruess, K.; Benson, S. M.; Wu, Y. S.; Radke, C.; Witherspoon, P. A. Aqueous Foams for Control of Gas Migration and Water Coning in Aquifer Gas Storage Energy Sources 1990, 12, 479-497
11. Zhou, Z. H.; Rossen, W. R. Applying Fractional-Flow Theory to Foams for Diversion in Matrix Acidization SPE Prod. Facil. 1994, 9, 29-35
12. Radke, C. J.; Gillis, J. V. A Dual Tracer Technique for Determining Trapped Gas Saturation During Steady Foam Flow in Porous Media. In Proceedings of the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, LA, September 23-26, 1990.
13. Friedmann, F.; Chen, W. H.; Gauglitz, P. A. Experimental and Simulation Study of High-Temperature Foam Displacement in Porous Media SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 1991, 6 (1) 37-45
14. Tang, G. Q.; Kovscek, A. R. Trapped Gas Fraction During Steady-State Foam Flow Transp. Porous Media 2006, 65, 287-307
15. Nguyen, Q. P.; Rossen, W. R.; Zitha, P. L. J.; Currie, P. K. Determination of Gas Trapping with Foam Using X-Ray CT and Effluent Analysis SPE J. (Soc. Pet. Eng.) 2009, 14, 222-236
16. Kil, R. A.; Nguyen, Q. P.; Rossen, W. R. Determining Trapped Gas in Foam from CT Images SPE J. (Soc. Pet. Eng.) 2011, 16, 24-34
17. Cohen, D.; Patzek, T. W.; Radke, C. J. Onset of Mobilization and the Fraction of Trapped Foam in Porous Media Transp. Porous Media 1997, 28, 253-284
18. Rossen, W. R. Minimum Pressure Gradient for Foam Flow in Porous Media: Effect of Interactions with Stationary Lamellae J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1990, 139, 457-468
19. Rossen, W. R. Theory of Mobilization Pressure Gradient of Flowing Foams in Porous Media. I. Incompressible Foam J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1990, 136, 1-16
20. Rossen, W. R. Theory of Mobilization Pressure Gradient of Flowing Foams in Porous Media. II. Effect of Compressibility J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1990, 136, 17-37
21. Rossen, W. R. Theory of Mobilization Pressure Gradient of Flowing Foams in Porous Media. III. Asymmetric Lamella Shapes J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1990, 136, 38-53
22. Xu, Q.; Rossen, W. R. Effective Viscosity of Foam in Periodically Constricted Tubes Colloids Surf., A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2003, 216 (1-3) 175-194
23. Cox, S. J.; Neethling, S.; Rossen, W. R.; Schleifenbaum, W.; Schmidt-Wellenburg, P.; Cilliers, J. J. A Theory of the Effective Yield Stress of Foam in Porous Media: The Motion of a Soap Film Traversing a Three-Dimensional Pore Colloids Surf., A: Physicochem Eng. Aspects 2004, 245, 143-151
24. Rossen, W. R. Minimum Pressure Gradient for Foam Flow in Porous Media: Effect of Interactions with Stationary Lamellae J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1990, 139, 457-468
25. Rossen, W. R.; Zhou, Z. H. Modeling Foam Mobility at the Limiting Capillary Pressure SPE Adv. Technol. 1995, 3, 146-152
26. Hirasaki, G. J.; Lawson, J. B. Mechanisms of Foam Flow in Porous Media: Apparent Viscosity in Smooth Capillaries SPE J. 1985, 25 (2) 176-190
27. Bird, R. B.; Stewart, W. E.; Lightfoot, E. N. Transport Phenomena, revised, 2 nd ed.; John Wiley & Sons Inc.: New York, 2007.
28. Shan, D.; Rossen, W. R. Optimal Injection Strategies for Foam IOR SPE J. 2004, 9, 132-150
29. Farajzadeh, R.; Muruganathan, R. M.; Krastev, R.; Rossen, W. R. Effect of Gas Type on Foam Film Permeability and Its Implications for Foam Flow in Porous Media. In Proceedings of the SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain, June 14-17, 2010.
30. Kam, S. I.; Nguyen, Q. P.; Li, Q.; Rossen, W. R. Dynamic Simulations with an Improved Model for Foam Generation SPE J. 2007, 12, 35-48
31. Bertin, H. J. Foam Diversion Modeling Using a Bubble-Population Correlation. In Proceedings of the SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, April 3-5, 2000.
32. Kovscek, A. R.; Radke, C. J. Fundamentals of Foam Transport in Porous Media. In Foams: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry; Schramm, L. L., Ed.; ACS Advances in Chemistry Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1994; Vol. 242, pp 115-163.
33. Chen, Q.; Gerritsen, M. G.; Kovscek, A. R. Modeling Foam Displacement with the Local-Equilibrium Approximation: Theory and Experimental Verification SPE J. 2010, 15 (1) 171-183
34. Kovscek, A. R.; Patzek, T. W.; Radke, C. J. A Mechanistic Population Balance Model for Transient and Steady-State Foam Flow in Boise Sandstone Chem. Eng. Sci. 1995, 50 (23) 3783-3799
35. Kam, S. I. Improved Mechanistic Foam Simulation with Foam Catastrophe Theory Colloids Surf., A 2008, 318 (1-3) 62-77
36. Ashoori, E.; Marchesin, D.; Rossen, W. R. Roles of Transient and Local Equilibrium Foam Behavior in Porous Media: Travelling Wave Colloids Surf., A 2011, 377, 228-242
37. Alvarez, J. M.; Rivas, H.; Rossen, W. R. A Unified Model for Steady-State Foam Behavior at High and Low Foam Qualities SPE J. 2001, 6, 325-333
38. Fisher, A. W.; Foulser, R. W. S.; Goodyear, S. G. Mathematical Modeling of Foam Flooding. In Proceedings of the SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, April 22-25, 1990.
39. Martinsen, H. A.; Vassenden, F. Foam Assisted Water Alternating Gas (FAWAG) Process on Snorre. In Proceedings of the European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Brighton, U.K., August 18-20, 1999.
40. Vassenden, F.; Holt, T. Experimental Foundation for Relative Permeability Modeling of Foam SPE Reservoir Eval. Eng. 2000, 3, 179-185
41. Cheng, L.; Reme, A. B.; Shan, D.; Coombe, D. A.; Rossen, W. R. Simulating Foam Processes at High and Low Foam Qualities. In Proceedings of the SPE/DOE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, April 3-5, 2000.
42. Cheng, L.; Kam, S. I.; Delshad, M.; Rossen, W. R. Simulation of Dynamic Foam-Acid Diversion Processes SPE J. 2002, 7, 316-324
43. Rossen, W. R. Rheology of Foam in Porous Media at the Limiting Capillary Pressure' Rev. Inst. Fr. Pét. 1992, 47, 68-80
44. Bertin, H. H.; Kovscek, A. R. Foam Mobility in Heterogeneous Porous Media. I: Scaling Concepts Transp. Porous Media 2003, 52, 17-35
45. Sahimi, M. Flow Phenomena in Rocks: From Continuum Models to Fractals, Percolation, Cellular Automata, and Simulated Annealing Rev. Mod. Phys. 1993, 65, 1393-1534
46. Park, H. C. The Flow of Non-Newtonian Fluids Through Porous Media. Ph.D. Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 1972.
47. Pascal, H. Non-Steady Flow through Porous Media in the Presence of a Threshold Gradient Acta Mech. 1981, 39 (3-4) 207-224
48. Al-Fariss, T.; Pinder, K. L. Flow through Porous Media of a Shear-Thinning Liquid with a Yield Stress Can. J. Chem. Eng. 1987, 69 (3) 391-405
49. Vradis, G.; Protopapas, A. Macroscopic Conductivities for Flow of Bingham Plastics in Porous Media J. Hydraulic Eng. 1993, 119 (1) 95-108
50. Chase, G.; Dachavijit, P. Incompressible Cake Filtration of a Yield Stress Fluid Sep. Sci. Technol. 2003, 38 (4) 745-766
51. Christopher, R. H.; Middleman, S. Power-law flow through a packed tube Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam. 1965, 4, 422-426
52. Teeuw, D.; Hesselink, F. T. Power-law flow and hydrodynamic behavior of biopolymer solutions in porous media. Presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Oilfield and Geothermal Chemistry, Stanford, CA, May 28-30, 1980; SPE 8982, pp 73-86.
53. Balhoff, M.; Thompson, K. A Macroscopic Model for Shear-Thinning Flow in Packed Beds Based on Network Modeling Chem. Eng. Sci. 2006, 61 (2) 698-719
54. Balhoff, M.; Thompson, K. Modeling the Steady Flow of Yield-Stress Fluids in Packed Beds AIChE J. 2004, 50 (12) 3034-3048
55. Rossen, W. R.; Gauglitz, P. A. Percolation Theory of Creation and Mobilization of Foams in Porous Media AIChE J. 1990, 36, 1176-1188
56. Chou, S. Percolation Theory of Foam in Porous Media. In Proceedings of the SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Tulsa, OK, April 22-25, 1990.
57. Rossen, W. R. A Critical Review of Roof Snap-Off as a Mechanism of Steady-State Foam Generation in Homogeneous Porous Media Colloids Surf., A:Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2003, 225 (1-3) 1-24
58. Chen, M.; Yortsos, Y. C.; Rossen, W. R. Insights on Foam Generation in Porous Media from Pore-Network Studies Colloids Surf., A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2005, 256 (2-3) 181-189
59. Rossen, W. R.; Mamun, C. K. Minimal Path for Transport in Networks Phys. Rev. B 1993, 47, 11,815-11,825
60. Chen, M.; Rossen, W. R.; Yortsos, Y. C. The Flow and Displacement in Porous Media of Fluids with Yield Stress Chem. Eng. Sci. 2005, 60 (15) 4183-4202
61. Shah, C. B; Kharabaf, H.; Yortsos, Y. C. In Flow and Displacement of Bingham Plastics in Porous Media. In Proceedings from the UNITAR Conference On Heavy Oils and Tar Sands, Houston, TX, February 16, 1995.
62. Sochi, T.; Blunt, M. Pore-scale network modeling of Ellis and Herschel-Bulkley fluids J. Pet. Sci. Eng. 2008, 60 (2) 105-124
63. Kharabaf, H.; Yortsos, Y. Invasion Percolation with Memory Phys. Rev. E. 1997, 55 (6) 7177-7191
64. Jodrey, W. S.; Tory, E. M. Computer Simulation of Close Random Packing of Equal Spheres Phys. Rev. A. 1985, 32 (4) 2347-2351
65. Thompson, K. E.; Willson, C. S.; White, C. D.; Nyman, S.; Bhattacharya, J. P.; Reed, A. H. Application of a New Grain-Based Reconstruction Algorithm to Microtomography Images for Quantitative Characterization and Flow Modeling SPE J. 2008, 13 (2) 164-176
66. Al-Raoush, R.; Thompson, K. E.; Willson, C. S. Comparison of Network Generation Techniques for Unconsolodated Porous Media Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 2003, 67 (6) 1687-1700
67. Liang, Z.; Ioannidis, A.; Chatzis, I. Permeability and Electrical Conductivity of Porous Media from 3D Replicas of the Microstructure Chem. Eng. Sci. 2000, 55, 5247-5262
68. Lindquist, W. B.; Venkatarangan, A.; Dunsmuir, J.; Wong, T. Pore and Throat Size Distributions Measured from Synchrotron X-ray Tomographic Images of Fontainebleau Sandstones J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105 (B9) 21509-21528
69. Gani, M. R.; Bhattacharya, J. P. Bed-Scale Facies Architecture of an Ancient Delta Lobe Deposit of the Wall Creek Member, Central Wyoming, U.S.A. In Proceedings of the AAPG Annual Convention & Exhibition, Salt Lake City, UT, May 11-14, 2003.
70. Skelland, A. H. P. Non-Newtonian Flow and Heat Transfer; Wiley: New York, 1967.
71. Nguyen, Q. P.; Currie, P. K.; Zitha, P. L. J. Motion of Foam Film in Diverging-Converging Channel J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2004, 271, 473-484