A state within a state? Exploring relations between the Indian state and the Tibetan community and government-in-exile

Contemporary South Asia

Volumn 19, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 297-313

  McConnell, Fiona ^a  

^a TRINITY COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Citizenship; India; State; Tibetan government in exile; Welfare

Indexed keywords

CITIZENSHIP; COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION; ETHNOPOLITICS; GOVERNMENT; NATIONAL IDENTITY; POLITICAL POWER; REFUGEE; SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION; SOVEREIGNTY; STATE-LOCAL RELATIONS; WELFARE IMPACT;

INDIA;

EID: 80052842352     PISSN: 09584935     EISSN: 1469364X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09584935.2011.594160     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Abrams, P. 1988. Notes on the difficulty of studying the state (1977). Journal of Historical Sociology 1: 58-89.
2. Anand, D. 2000. (Re)imagining nationalism: identity and representation in the Tibetan diaspora of South Asia. Contemporary South Asia 9: 271-87.
3. Arendt, H. 1967. On revolution. New York: Viking Press.
4. Arpi, C. 2000. The blunder of Nehru's Tibet policy. Tibetan Bulletin 4: 14-9.
5. Caplan, J., and J. Torpey, ed. 2001. Documenting individual identity: the development of state practices in the modern world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6. Chaturvedi, G. 2004. Indian visions. In Exile as challenge: the Tibetan diaspora, ed. D. Bernstorff, and H. von Welck, 72-86. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
7. Chimni, B.S. 2003. Status of refugees in India: strategic ambiguity. In Refugees and the state: practices of asylum and care in India, ed. R. Samaddar, 443-70. New Delhi: Sage.
8. Corbridge, S., G. Williams, N. Srivistava, and R. Veron. 2005. Seeing the state: governance and governmentality in India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. CTRC. 2003. His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Central Tibetan Relief Committee: building sustainable communities in exile. Dharamsala: Central Tibetan Relief Committee.
10. Das, V., D. Poole, and eds. 2004. Anthropology in the margins of the state. Santa Fe NM: School of American Research Press.
11. Department of Finance CTA. 2005. The chatrel system in exile. Dharamsala: Department of Finance, CTA.
12. Desbiens, C., A. Mountz, and M. Walton-Roberts. 2004. Guest editorial. Introduction: reconceptualising the state from the margins of political geography. Political Geography 23: 241-3.
13. Diehl, K. 2002. Echoes from Dharamsala: music in the life of a Tibetan refugee. Berkeley: University of California Press.
14. DIIR. 1996. Tibet: proving truth from facts. Dharamsala: Department of Information and International Relations, CTA.
15. Dowler, L., and J. Sharp. 2001. A feminist geopolitics? Space and Polity 5, no. no3: 165-76.
16. French, R.R. 1991. The new snow lion: the Tibetan government-in-exile in India. In Governments-in-exile in contemporary world politics, ed. Y. Shain, 188-201. London: Routledge.
17. Fuller, C.J., and V. Béné ï eds. 2001. The everyday state and society in modern India. London: C Hurst & Co.
18. Fürer-Haimendorf, C. 1990. The renaissance of the Tibetan civilisation. London: Synergetic Press.
19. Garratt, K. 1997. Tibetan refugees, asylum seekers, returnees and the Refugees Convention - predicaments, problems and prospects. Tibet Journal 22, no. 3: 18-56.
20. Goldstein, M.C. 1978. Ethnogenesis and resource competition among Tibetan refugees in south India: a new face to the Indo-Tibetan interface. In Himalayan anthropology: the Indo-Tibetan interface, ed. J.F. Fisher. 395-420. The Hague: Mouton Publishers.
21. Gordillo, G. 2006. The crucible of citizenship: ID-paper fetishism in the Argentinian Chaco. American Ethnologist 33: 162-76.
22. Gould, A. 1993. Capitalist welfare systems. New York: Longman.
23. Government of India. 1955. Citizenship Act of India 1955.
24. Grunfeld, A.T. 1987. The making of modern Tibet. London: Zed Books.
25. Hansen, T.B., and F. Stepputat, eds. 2001. States of imagination: ethnographic explorations of the postcolonial state. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
26. Harris, C. 1999. Imagining home: the reconstruction of Tibet in exile. Forced Migration Review. 6 (December): 13-15.
27. HRLN. 2007. Report of refugee populations in India. Delhi: Human Rights Law Network.
28. Hyndman, J. 2004. Mind the gap: bridging feminist and political geography through geopolitics. Political Geography 23, no. 3: 307-22.
29. Isin, E.F. 2008. Theorizing acts of citizenship. In Acts of citizenship, ed. E.F. Isin, and G.M. Nielsen, 15-43. London: Zed Books.
30. Kharat, R. 2003. Tibetan refugees in India. New Delhi: Kaveri Books.
31. Kibreab, G. 1999. Revisiting the debate on people, place, identity and displacement. Journal of Refugee Studies 12: 384-410.
32. Klieger, P.C. 1992. Tibetan nationalism: the role of patronage in the accomplishment of a national identity. Berkeley, CA: Folklore Institute.
33. McConnell, F. 2009. De facto, displaced, tacit: the sovereign articulations of the Tibetan government-in-exile. Political Geography 28, no. 6: 343-52.
34. McConnell, F. forthcoming. Citizens and refugees: constructing and negotiating Tibetan identities in exile. Annals of the Association of American Geographers.
35. McCorquodale, R., and N. Orosz, ed. 1994. Tibet: the position in international law, Report of the Conference of International Lawyers on Issues Relating to Self- Determination and Independence for Tibet, London 6-10 January 1993. Stuttgart: Hansjö rg Mayer.
36. McGukin, E.A. 1997. Postcards from Shangri-la: tourism, Tibetan refugees and the politics of cultural production, anthropology. PhD Diss., City University New York.
37. McLagan, M. 1996. Mobilising for Tibet: transnational politics and diaspora culture in the post Cold War era. PhD Diss., Department of Anthropology, New York University.
38. Mehrotra, L.L. 2000. India's Tibet policy: an appraisal and options. New Delhi: TPPRC.
39. Ministry of Home Affairs. 2008. Annual report 2006-7. New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs.
40. Mitchell, T. 1991. The limits of the state: beyond statist approaches and their critics. American Political Science Review 85: 77-96.
41. Mountz, A. 2003. Human smuggling, the transnational imaginary and everyday geographies of the nation-state. Antipode 35: 622-44.
42. Navaro-Yashin, Y. 2002. Fantasies for the state: hype, cynicism and the everyday life of statecraft. In Faces of the state: secularism and public life in Turkey, ed. Y. Navaro-Yashin, 155-87. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
43. Norbu, D. 1996. Tibetan refugees in South Asia: a case of peaceful adjustment. In Refugees and regional security in South Asia, ed. S.D. Muni, and L.R. Baral, 78-98. Delhi: Konark Publishers.
44. Norbu, D. 2004. The settlements: participation and integration. In Exile as challenge: the Tibetan diaspora, ed. D. Bernstorff, and H. Von Welck, 186-212. New Delhi: Orient Longman.
45. Patail, S. 2002. Police to check illegal foreigners in Kangra. In Tribune India. 28th November. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2002/20021128/himachal.htm#3 (accessed July 18, 2011).
46. People's Republic of China. 1992. Tibet - its ownership and human rights situation. In PRC Government White Paper, September 1992. Beijing: Information Office of the State Council of The People's Republic of China.
47. Philo, C., and H. Parr. 2000. Editorial: institutional geographies: introductory remarks. Geoforum 31: 513-21.
48. Planning Commission. 2004. Tibetan community in exile: demographic and socio-economic issues, 1998-2001. Dharamsala: Central Tibetan Administration.
49. Planning Commission. 2010. Demographic survey of Tibetans in exile-2009. Dharamsala: Central Tibetan Administration.
50. Planning Council. 1994. Integrated development plan II: 1995-2000. Dharamsala: Planning Council, CTA.
51. Prost, A. 2006. The problem with 'rich refugees' sponsorship, capital, and the informal economy of Tibetan refugees. Modern Asian Studies. 40: 233-53.
52. Scott, J.C. 1998. Seeing like a state: how certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
53. Sidaway, J.D. 2002. Imagined regional communities: integration and sovereignty in the global south. London: Routledge.
54. Smith, S.J. 1995. Citizenship: all or nothing? Political Geography 14: 190-3.
55. Taussig, M. 1997. The magic of the state. London: Routledge.
56. Taylor, P.J. 1994. The state as container: territoriality in the modern world-system. In Progress in Human Geography 18: 151-62.
57. The Hindu. 2005. Nurturing a dream of returning home. The Hindu, 26th May. http://www.hindu.com/lf/2005/05/26/stories/2005052614240200.htm (accessed July 18, 2011).
58. Tibetan Government-in-Exile. 1991. The charter of Tibetans in exile (draft translation). Dharamsala: Central Tibetan Administration.
59. TPPRC. 2006. Indian Parliament on the issue of Tibet: Lok Sabha debates 1952-2005. New Delhi: Tibetan Parliamentary and Policy Research Centre.
60. Weber, M., H.H. Gerth, and C.W. Mills, ed. 1967. From Max Weber: essays in sociology. London: Routledge.
61. Yeh, E.T., and K.T. Lama. 2006. Hip-hop gangsta or most deserving victims? Transnational migrant identities and the paradox of Tibetan racialization in the USA. Environment and Planning A 38: 809-29.