Seasonal heat balance in the upper 100 m of the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 116, Issue 9, 2011, Pages

  Jouanno, Julien ^a,b,c   Marin, Frédéric ^a,b   Du Penhoat, Yves ^a,b   Sheinbaum, Julio ^c   Molines, Jean Marc ^d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE   (France)

^b LEGOS   (France)

^c CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR DE ENSENADA   (Mexico)

^d LEGI   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; HEAT FLUX; SHEAR FLOW; SURFACE WATERS;

AIR SEA FLUX; ATLANTIC OCEAN; EASTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; EQUATORIAL UNDERCURRENTS; HEAT BALANCE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SECONDARY COOLING; SOUTH EQUATORIAL CURRENTS; STRONG STRATIFICATION; SURFACE COOLING; SURFACE CURRENT; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; TURBULENT HEAT FLUXES; UPPER BOUND; UPPER OCEAN; VERTICAL MIXING; VERTICAL SHEAR;

COOLING;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; COOLING; HEAT BALANCE; HEAT FLUX; NUMERICAL MODEL; OCEANIC CURRENT; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEMIANNUAL OSCILLATION; STRATIFICATION; THERMOCLINE; UNDERCURRENT; VERTICAL MIXING;

ATLANTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN (EQUATORIAL);

EID: 80052709238     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010JC006912     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Arhan, M., A. Tréguier, B. Bourlés, and S. Michel (2006), Diagnosing the annual cycle of the Equatorial Undercurrent in the Atlantic Ocean from a general circulation model, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1502-1522. (Pubitemid 44550279)
2. Asselin, R. (1972), Frequency filters for time integrations, Mon. Weather Rev., 100, 487-490.
3. Barnier, B., et al. (2006), Impact of partial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global ocean circulation model at eddy-permitting resolution, Ocean Dyn., 56, 543-567.
4. Blanke, B., and P. Delecluse (1993), Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed-layer physics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1363-1388. (Pubitemid 24429521)
5. Bourlés, B., et al. (2008), The PIRATA program: History, accomplishments and future directions, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 89, 1111-1125.
6. Brainerd, K., and M. Gregg (1995), Surface mixed and mixing layer depths, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 42, 1521-1543. (Pubitemid 26463291)
7. Brodeau, L., B. Barnier, A. Tréguier, T. Penduff, and S. Gulev (2010), An ERA40-based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulations models, Ocean Modell., 31, 88-104.
8. Carton, J., and B. Huang (1994), Warm events in the Tropical Atlantic, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 888-903. (Pubitemid 24431197)
9. Carton, J., and Z. Zhou (1997), Annual cycle of sea surface temperature in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 27,813-27,824.
10. Chang, P., et al. (2006), Climate fluctuations of tropical coupled systems: The role of ocean dynamics, J. Clim., 19, 5122-5174. (Pubitemid 44712437)
11. Dai, A., and K. Trenberth (2002), Estimates of freshwater discharge from continents: Latitudinal and seasonal variations, J. Hydrometeorol., 3, 660-687. (Pubitemid 36122404)
12. de Boyer Montégut, C., G. Madec, A. Fisher, A. Lazar, and D. Iudicone (2004), Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, doi:10.1029/2004JC002378. (Pubitemid 40335109)
13. Ding, H., N. S. Keenlyside, and M. Latif (2009), Seasonal cycle in the upper equatorial Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C09016, doi:10.1029/2009JC005418.
14. Foltz, G., S. Grodsky, J. Carton, and M. McPhaden (2003), Seasonal mixed layer heat budget of the tropical Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 108(C5), 3146, doi:10.1029/2002JC001584.
15. Giannini, A., R. Saravanan, and P. Chang (2003), Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales, Science, 302, 1027-1030. (Pubitemid 37386191)
16. Grodsky, S., J. Carton, and C. McClain (2008), Variability of upwelling and chlorophyll in the equatorial Atlantic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L03610, doi:10.1029/2007GL032466. (Pubitemid 351492927)
17. Grodsky, S., A. Bentamy, J. Carton, and R. Pinker (2009), Intraseasonal latent heat flux based on satellite observations, J. Clim., 22, 4539-4556.
18. Helber, R., R. Weisberg, F. Bonjean, E. Johnson, and G. Lagerloef (2007), Satellite-derived surface current divergence in relation to Tropical Atlantic SST and wind, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 37, 1357-1375. (Pubitemid 46957782)
19. Hisard, P. (1973), Variations saisonniéres á l'équateur dans le Golfe de Guinée, Cahiers O.R.S.T.O.M., 11, 349-358.
20. Hormann, V., and P. Brandt (2009), Upper equatorial Atlantic variability during 2002 and 2005 associated with equatorial Kelvin waves, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C03007, doi:10.1029/2008JC005101.
21. Jochum, M., and R. Murtugudde (2006), Temperature advection by tropical instability waves, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 592-605.
22. Jochum, M., P. Malanotte-Rizzoli, and A. Busalacchi (2004), Tropical instability waves in the Atlantic Ocean, Ocean Modell., 7, 145-163. (Pubitemid 38300713)
23. Kummerow, C., W. Barnes, T. Kozu, J. Shiue, and J. Simpson (1998), The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensor package, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 809-817. (Pubitemid 128562830)
24. Kushnir, Y., W. A. Robinson, P. Chang, and A. W. Robertson (2006), The physical basis for predicting Atlantic sector seasonal-to-interannual climate variability, J. Clim., 19, 5949-5970. (Pubitemid 46085088)
25. Large, W., and S. Yeager (2004), Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean sea ice models: The data sets and flux climatologies, Rep. NCAR/TN-460+STR, Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
26. Lien, R.-C., E. A. D'Asaro, and C. Menkés (2008), Modulation of equatorial turbulence by tropical instability waves, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24607, doi:10.1029/2008GL035860.
27. Longhurst, A. (1993), Seasonal cooling and blooming in the tropical oceans, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 40, 2145-2165.
28. Lumpkin, R., and S. L. Garzoli (2005), Near-surface circulation in the Tropical Atlantic, Deep Sea Res. Part I, 52, 495-518.
29. Madec, G. (2008), "NEMO ocean engine," Note Pǒle Modél. 77, Inst. Pierre-Simon Laplace, Paris.
30. McPhaden, M. (2002), Mixed layer temperature balance on intraseasonal timescales in the equatorial Pacific ocean, J. Clim., 15, 2632-2647. (Pubitemid 35151362)
31. Menkés, C., J. Vialard, S. Kennan, J. Boulanger, and G. Madec (2006), A modeling study of the impact of tropical instability waves on the heat budget in the eastern equatorial Pacific, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 847-865. (Pubitemid 44018673)
32. Merle, J. (1980), Seasonal heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 10, 464-469.
33. Merle, J., and J. Le Floch (1978), Cycle annuel moyen de la température dans les couches supérieures de l'Océan Atlantique intertropical, Oceanol. Acta, 1, 271-276.
34. Molines, J., B. Barnier, T. Penduff, L. Brodeau, A. Tréguier, S. Theetten, and G. Madec (2007), Definition of the interannual experiment ORCA025-G70, 1958-2004, Rep. LEGI-DRA-2-11-2006i, Lab. des Ecoulements Geophys. et Ind., Grenoble, France.
35. Moum, J., R.-C. Lien, A. Perlin, J. Nash, M. Gregg, and P. Wiles (2009), Sea surface cooling at the equator by subsurface mixing in the tropical instability waves, Nat. Geosci., 2, 761-765.
36. Murtugudde, R., J. Beauchamp, C. McClain, M. Lewis, and A. Busalacchi (2002), Effects of penetrative radiation on the upper tropical ocean circulation, J. Clim., 15, 470-486. (Pubitemid 34264886)
37. Noh, Y., and W.-S. Lee (2008), Mixed and mixing layer depths simulated by an OGCM, J. Oceanogr., 64, 217-225.
38. Okumura, Y., and S.-P. Xie (2004), Interaction of the Atlantic equatorial cold tongue and the African monsoon, J. Clim., 17, 3589-3602. (Pubitemid 39428554)
39. Okumura, Y., and S.-P. Xie (2006), Some overlooked features of Tropical Atlantic climate leading to a new Ni no-like phenomenon, J. Clim., 19, 5859-5874. (Pubitemid 44964282)
40. Perez, V., E. Fernandez, E. Maranon, P. Serret, and C. Garcia-Soto (2005), Seasonal and interannual variability of chlorophyll-a and primary production in the equatorial Atlantic: In situ and remote sensing observations, J. Plankton Res., 27(2), 189-197. (Pubitemid 40307290)
41. Peter, A.-C., M. Le Hénaff, Y. du Penhoat, C. Menkés, F. Marin, J. Vialard, G. Caniaux, and A. Lazar (2006), A model study of the seasonal mixed layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C06014, doi:10.1029/2005JC003157. (Pubitemid 44768124)
42. Philander, S., and R. Pacanowski (1986), A model of the seasonal cycle in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 14,192-14,206.
43. Philander, S., D. Gu, D. Halpern, G. Lambert, N.-C. Lau, T. Li, and R. Pacanowski (1996), Why the ITCZ is mostly north of the equator, J. Clim., 9, 2958-2972.
44. Rhein, M., M. Dengler, J. Sultenfuss, R. Hummels, S. Huttl-Kabus, and B. Bourlés (2010), Upwelling and associated heat flux in the equatorial Atlantic inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C08021, doi:10.1029/2009JC005772.
45. Richardson, P., and T. McKee (1984), Average seasonal variation of the Atlantic equatorial currents from historical ship drifts, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 1226-1238.
46. Tréguier, A., B. Barnier, A. de Miranda, J. Molines, N. Grima, M. Imbard, G. Madec, C. Messager, and S. Michel (2001), An eddy permitting model of the Atlantic circulation: Evaluating open boundary conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22,115-22,130.
47. Tréguier, A., J. Le Sommer, J. Molines, and B. de Cuevas (2010), Response of the Southern Ocean to the southern annular mode: Interannual variability and multidecadal trend, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 1659-1668.
48. Vialard, J., and P. Delecluse (1998), An OGCM study for the TOGA decade. Part I: Role of salinity in the physics of the Western Pacific Fresh Pool, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 1071-1088.
49. Voituriez, B. (1983), Les variations saisoniéres des courants équatoriaux á 4°W et l'upwelling équatorial du Golfe de Guinée, Océanogr. Trop., 18, 163-183.
50. Wade, M., G. Caniaux, Y. du Penhoat, M. Dengler, H. Giordani, and R. Hummels (2011a), A one-dimensional modeling study of the diurnal cycle in the equatorial Atlantic at the PIRATA buoys during the EGEE-3 campaign, Ocean Dyn., 61, 1-20.
51. Wade, M., G. Caniaux, and Y. du Penhoat (2011b), Variability of the mixed layer heat budget in the eastern equatorial Atlantic during 2005- 2007 as inferred using Argo floats, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C08006, doi:10.1029/ 2010JC006683.
52. Yu, L., X. Jin, and R. A. Weller (2006), Role of net surface heat flux in seasonal variations of sea surface temperature in the tropical atlantic ocean, J. Clim., 19, 6153-6169. (Pubitemid 46085100)