Effects of the legacy of axial cooling on partitioning of hydrothermal heat extraction from oceanic lithosphere

Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth

Volumn 116, Issue 9, 2011, Pages

  Spinelli, G A ^a   Harris, R N ^b  

^a NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING AND TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COOLING; HYDROTHERMAL CIRCULATION; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; PARTITIONING; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 80052697983     PISSN: 21699313     EISSN: 21699356     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011JB008248     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Baker, E. T., and C. R. German (2004), On the global distribution of hydrothermal vent fields, in Mid-Ocean Ridges: Hydrothermal Interactions Between the Lithosphere and Oceans, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 148, edited by C. R. German, J. Lin, and L. M. Parson, pp. 245-266, AGU, Washington, D. C.
2. Baker, E. T., and G. J. Massoth (1986), Hydrothermal plume measurements: A regional perspective, Science, 234, 980-982, doi:10.1126/ science.234.4779. 980.
3. Becker, K., and E. E. Davis (2004), In situ determinations of the permeability of the igneous ocean crust, in Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere, edited by E. E. Davis and H. Elderfield, pp. 189-224, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
4. Bostrom, K., and M. N. A. Peterson (1966), Precipitates from hydrothermal exhalations on the East Pacific Rise, Econ. Geol., 61, 1258-1265, doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.61.7.1258.
5. Cann, J., and K. Gillis (2004), Hydrothermal insights from the Trodos ophiolite, Cyprus, in Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere, edited by E. E. Davis and H. Elderfield, pp. 272-310, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
6. Chen, Y. J., and J. Phipps Morgan (1996), The effects of spreading rate, the magma budget, and the geometry of magma emplacement on the axial heat flux at mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 11,475-11,482, doi:10.1029/ 96JB00330.
7. Cherkaoui, A. S. M., W. S. D. Wilcock, R. A. Dunn, and D. R. Toomey (2003), A numerical model of hydrothermal cooling and crustal accretion at a fast spreading mid-ocean ridge, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 4(9), 8616, doi:10.1029/2001GC000215.
8. Cochran, J. R., and W. R. Buck (2001), Near-axis subsidence rates, hydrothermal circulation, and thermal structure of mid-ocean ridge crests, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 19,233-19,258, doi:10.1029/2001JB000379.
9. Coogan, L. A., K. A. Howard, K. M. Gillis, M. J. Bickle, H. Chapman, A. J. Boyce, G. R. T. Jenkin, and R. N. Wilson (2006), Chemical and thermal constraints on focused fluid flow in the lower oceanic crust, Am. J. Sci., 306, 389-427, doi:10.2475/06.2006.01. (Pubitemid 44696794)
10. Coogan, L. A., G. R. T. Jenkins, and R. N. Wilson (2007), Contrasting cooling rates in the lower oceanic crust at fast-and slow-spreading ridges revealed by geospeedometry, J. Petrol., 48(11), 2211-2231, doi:10.1093/ petrology/egm057. (Pubitemid 350028269)
11. Corliss, J. B., et al. (1979), Submarine thermal springs on the Galapagos rift, Science, 203, 1073-1083, doi:10.1126/science.203.4385.1073.
12. Davis, E. E., K. Wang, J. He, D. Chapman, H. Villinger, and A. Rosenberger (1997a), An unequivocal case for high Nusselt number hydrothermal convection in sediment-buried igneous oceanic crust, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 146, 137-150, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(96)00212-9.
13. Davis, E. E., A. T. Fisher, and J. Firth (1997b), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Initial Reports, vol. 168, 470 pp., Ocean Drill. Program, College Station, Tex.
14. Davis, E. E., D. S. Chapman, K. Wang, H. Villinger, A. T. Fisher, S. W. Robinson, J. Grigel, D. Pribnow, J. Stein, and K. Becker (1999), Regional heat flow variations across the sedimented Juan de Fuca Ridge eastern flank: Constraints on lithospheric cooling and lateral hydrothermal heat transport, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 17,675-17,688, doi:10.1029/ 1999JB900124.
15. Dunn, R. A., and D. R. Toomey (2001), Crack-induced seismic anisotropy in the oceanic crust across the East Pacific Rise (9°30'N), Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 189, 9-17, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00353-3. (Pubitemid 32626494)
16. Dunn, R. A., D. R. Toomey, and S. C. Solomon (2000), Three-dimensional seismic structure and physical properties of the crust and shallow mantle beneath the East Pacific Rise at 9°30'N, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 23,537-23,555, doi:10.1029/2000JB900210.
17. Elderfield, H., and A. Schultz (1996), Mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluxes and the chemical composition of the ocean, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 24, 191-224, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.24.1.191. (Pubitemid 26483956)
18. Fisher, A. T. (1998), Permeability within basaltic oceanic crust, Rev. Geophys., 36, 143-182, doi:10.1029/97RG02916.
19. Fisher, A. T. (2003), Geophysical constraints on hydrothermal circulation: Observations and models, in Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine Hydrothermal Systems, edited by P. E. Halbach, V. Tunnicliffe, and J. R. Hein, pp. 29-52, Dahlem Univ. Press, Berlin.
20. Golden, C. E., S. C. Webb, and R. A. Sohn (2003), Hydrothermal microearthquake swarms beneath active vents at Middle Valley, northern Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 108(B1), 2027, doi:10.1029/ 2001JB000226.
21. Gregory, R. T., and H. P. Taylor (1981), An oxygen isotope profile in a section of Cretaceous oceanic crust, Samail Ophiolite, Oman: Evidence for d18O buffering of the oceans by deep (>5 km) seawater-hydrothermal circulation at mid-ocean ridges, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2737-2755, doi:10.1029/JB086iB04p02737.
22. Haymon, R. M., K. C. Macdonald, S. B. Benjamin, and C. J. Ehrhardt (2005), Manifestations of hydrothermal discharge from young abyssal hills on the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise flank, Geology, 33, 153-156, doi:10.1130/G21058.1. (Pubitemid 40273860)
23. Huang, P. Y., and S. C. Solomon (1988), Centroid depths of mid-ocean ridge earthquakes: Dependence on spreading rate, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 13,445-13,477, doi:10.1029/JB093iB11p13445.
24. Irving, E., J. K. Park, S. E. Haggerty, F. Aumento, and B. Loncarevic (1970), Magnetism and opaque mineralogy of basalts from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 45°N, Nature, 228, 974-976, doi:10.1038/228974a0.
25. Kong, L. S. L., S. C. Solomon, and G. M. Purdy (1992), Microearthquake characteristics of a mid-ocean ridge along-axis high, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 1659-1685, doi:10.1029/91JB02566.
26. Langseth, M. G., P. J. Grim, and M. Ewing (1965), Heat flow measurements in the East Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 70, 367-380, doi:10.1029/ JZ070i002p00367.
27. Lister, C. R. B. (1972), On the thermal balance of a mid-ocean ridge, J. R. Astron. Soc., 26, 515-535.
28. Maclennan, J., T. Hulme, and S. C. Singh (2005), Cooling of the lower oceanic crust, Geology, 33, 357-360, doi:10.1130/G21207.1. (Pubitemid 40706780)
29. Morton, J. L., and N. H. Sleep (1985), A mid-ocean ridge thermal model: Constraints on the volume of axial hydrothermal heat flux, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11,345-11,353, doi:10.1029/JB090iB13p11345.
30. Mottl, M. J. (2003), Partitioning of energy and mass fluxes between midocean ridge axes and flanks at high and low temperature, in Energy and Mass Transfer in Marine Hydrothermal Systems, edited by P. E. Halbach, V. Tunnicliffe, and J. R. Hein, pp. 271-286, Dahlem Univ. Press, Berlin.
31. Mottl, M. J., and C. G. Wheat (1994), Hydrothermal circulation through mid-ocean ridge flanks: Fluxes of heat and magnesium, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 2225-2237, doi:10.1016/0016-7037(94)90007-8. (Pubitemid 24427573)
32. Muller, R. D., M. Sdrolias, C. Gaina, and W. R. Roest (2008), Age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the world's ocean crust, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 9, Q04006, doi:10.1029/2007GC001743.
33. Parsons, B., and J. G. Sclater (1977), Analysis of variation of ocean floor bathymetry and heat flow with age, J. Geophys. Res., 82, 803-827, doi:10.1029/JB082i005p00803.
34. Pelayo, A. M., S. Stein, and C. A. Stein (1994), Estimation of oceanic hydrothermal heat flux from heat flow and depths of midocean ridge seismicity and magma chambers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 713-716, doi:10.1029/94GL00395.
35. Purdy, G. M., L. S. L. Kong, G. L. Christeson, and S. C. Solomon (1992), Relationship between spreading rate and the seismic structure of midocean ridges, Nature, 355, 815-817, doi:10.1038/355815a0.
36. Ramondenc, P., N. G. A. Leonid, K. L. Von Damm, and R. P. Lowell (2006), The first measurements of hydrothermal heat output at 9° 50'N, East Pacific Rise, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 245, 487-497, doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2006.03.023.
37. Sclater, J. G., C. Jaupart, and D. Galson (1980), The heat flow through oceanic and continental crust and the heat loss of the Earth, Rev. Geophys., 18, 269-311, doi:10.1029/RG018i001p00269. (Pubitemid 10470857)
38. Sohn, R. A., D. J. Fornari, K. L. V. Damm, J. A. Hildebrand, and S. C. Webb (1998), Seismic and hydrothermal evidence for a cracking event on the East Pacific Rise crest at 9°50'N, Nature, 396, 159-161, doi:10.1038/24146. (Pubitemid 28523615)
39. Sohn, R. A., J. A. Hildebrand, and S. C. Webb (1999), A microearthquake survey of the high-temperature vent fields on the volcanically active East Pacific Rise, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 25,367-25,377, doi:10.1029/ 1999JB900263.
40. Spinelli, G. A., E. R. Giambalvo, and A. T. Fisher (2004), Sediment permeability, distribution, and influence on fluxes in oceanic basement, in Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere, edited by E. E. Davis and H. Elderfield, pp. 151-188, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
41. Stein, C. A., and S. Stein (1993), Constraints on Pacific midplate swells from global depth-age and heat flow-age models, in The Mesozoic Pacific: Geology, Tectonics, and Volcanism, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 77, edited by M. S. Pringle, pp. 53-76, AGU, Washington, D. C.
42. Stein, C. A., and S. Stein (1994), Constraints on hydrothermal heat flux through the oceanic lithosphere from global heat flow, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3081-3095, doi:10.1029/93JB02222. (Pubitemid 24425293)
43. Stein, C. A., S. Stein, and A. Pelayo (1995), Heat flow and hydrothermal circulation, in Seafloor Hydrothermal Systems, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 91, edited by S. Humphris et al., pp. 425-445, AGU, Washington, D. C.
44. Tivey, M. A., and H. P. Johnson (2002), Crustal magnetization reveals subsurface structure of Juan de Fuca Ridge hydrothermal vent fields, Geology, 30, 979-982, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0979: CMRSSO>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 35442488)
45. Toomey, D. R., S. C. Soloman, and G. M. Purdy (1988), Microearthquakes beneath the median valley of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 23°N: Tomography and tectonics, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 9093-9112, doi:10.1029/ JB093iB08p09093.
46. VanTongeren, J. A., P. B. Kelemen, and K. Hanghoj (2008), Cooling rates in the lower crust of the Oman ophiolite: Ca in olivine, revisited, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 267, 69-82, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.11.034.
47. Von Herzen, R. P., and S. Uyeda (1963), Heat flow through the eastern Pacific Ocean floor, J. Geophys. Res., 68, 4219-4250.
48. Wilcock, W. S. D., and J. R. Delaney (1996), Mid-ocean ridge sulfide deposits: Evidence for heat extraction from magma chambers or cracking fronts?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 145, 49-64, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X (96)00195-1.
49. Wilcock, W. S. D., S. D. Archer, and G. M. Purdy (2002), Microearthquakes on the Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B12), 2336, doi:10.1029/2001JB000505.
50. Williams, D. L., R. P. Von Herzen, J. G. Sclater, and R. N. Anderson (1974), The Galapagos spreading centre: Lithospheric cooling and hydrothermal circulation, J. R. Astron. Soc., 38, 587-608.
51. Wolery, T. J., and N. H. Sleep (1976), Hydrothermal circulation and geochemical flux at mid-ocean ridges, J. Geol., 84, 249-275, doi:10.1086/ 628195.