Competition by denunciation: The political dynamics of corruption scandals in Argentina and Chile

Comparative Politics

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 459-478

  Balán, Manuel ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052691231     PISSN: 00104159     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5129/001041511796301597     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. The Corruption Perception Index (Transparency International) shows little year-by-year variation. From 2002-2008, Chile's values ranged between 6.9 and 7.5, and Argentina's between 2.5 and 2.9. http://www. transparency.org/policy- research/surveys-indices/cpi.
2. Daniel Kaufmann, "Corruption: The Facts," Foreign Policy (1997): 114-131
3. Enrique Peruzzotti and Catalina Smulovitz, eds., Enforcing the Rule of Law (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2006);
4. Enrique Peruzzotti, "Media Scandals and Social Accountability," in Peruzzotti and Smulovitz, pp. 249-71;
5. Silvio Waisbord, "Reading Scandals," in Peruzzotti and Smulovitz, pp. 272-303;
6. John Thompson, Political Scandal (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2000).
7. Kurt Weyland, "The Politics of Corruption in Latin America," Journal of Democracy, 9 (April 1998): 108-121
8. Charles Davis et al., "The Influence of Party Systems on Citizens' Perceptions of Corruption and Electoral Response in Latin America," Comparative Political Studies, 37 (August 2004): 677-703.
9. www.latinobarometro.org.
10. Kathryn Hochstetler, "Rethinking Presidentialisme Comparative Politics, 38 (July 2006): 401-418
11. This definition is widely used in the literature. Joseph Nye, "Corruption and Political Development," The American Political Science Review, 61 (1967): 417-427
12. Theodore Lowi, "Foreword," in Andrei Markovitz and Mark Silverstein, eds., The Politics of Scandal (New York: Holmes & Meier Publishers, 1988), p. vii.
13. Thompson, p. 72.
14. Journalists interviewed by the author pointed out the importance of inside sources. Personal interviews, in Argentina with Jorge Lanata, September 5,2006, and Pablo Abiad, October 27, 2006; in Chile with Javier Ortega and Andrea Insunza, April 26, 2007, and Claudia Lagos, April 27, 2007.
15. Thompson, p. 78.
16. Even proponents of arguments that emphasize the importance of watchdog journalism recognize the reactive nature of media and civil society. Silvio Waisbord, Watchdog Journalism in South America (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), pp. xxiii, 93, and 197;
17. Peruzzotti, p. 266.
18. The Mensalão scandal in Brazil emerged thanks to the counterallegations produced by Roberto Jefferson. See Carlos Pereira et al., "Coalitional Presidentialism and Side Payments," Brazilian Studies Programme, University of Oxford, Latin American Centre (2008), p. 16.
19. Waisbord, "Reading Scandals," p. 196.
20. Howard Tumber and Silvio Waisbord, "Political Scandals and Media across Democracies," American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (April 2004), p. 1034.
21. There are parallels between the internal competitive dynamics of coalitions and parties. Richard Rose, "Parties, Factions, and Tendencies in Britain," Political Studies, 12 (February 1964): 33-46;
22. and Ralph Nicholas, "Factions," in Stuart Isaacs and Michael Banton, eds., Political Systems and the Distribution of Power (London: Tavisstock Publications, 1965), pp. 21-61.
23. David Apter, "Reflections on the Role of a Political Opposition in New Nations," Comparative Studies in Society and History, 4 (January 1962), p. 157.
24. George Tsebelis, Nested Games (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
25. LAWR has been employed by a number of researchers. See Hochstetler, pp. 401-18;
26. and Aníbal Pérez-Liñan, Presidential Impeachment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 64-69.
27. www.latinnews.com/lwr-/LWR-2315.asp.
28. Octavio Amorim Neto, Presidencialismo e Govemabilidade nas Américas (Rio de Janeiro: Editora FGV, 2006).
29. See Robert Dahl, Political Oppositions in Western Democracies (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966), pp. 348-386
30. www.freedomhouse.com.
31. Javier Corrales, "Do Economic Crises Contribute to Economic Reform?" Political Science Quarterly, 112(1997-1998), p. 644.
32. Daniel Santoro, Venta de Armas (Buenos Aires: Editorial Planeta, 1998).
33. A number of key informants pointed to Alvarez as the main source of the leak. See Femando de la Rúa, Operación Política (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2006), pp. 195-279;
34. Mario Pontaquarto, El Arrepentido (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2005), p. 117;
35. and Graciela Fernández Meijide, La Ilusión (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamericana, 2007), p. 202.
36. "Carencias y Defectos del Gobierno," La Nación, June 25, 2000.
37. Ascanio Cavallo, La Historia Oculta de la Transición (Santiago: Editorial Grijalbo, 1998).
38. An article published in El Mercurio, March 11, 2002, "El Memorial de la Corrupción," pointed to parallels with the Memorial for the detained/disappeared.
39. Cavallo, La Historia, p. 122.
40. Patricio Navia, "El Efecto Lavín en las elecciones municipales del año 2000 en Chile," Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Latin American Studies Association, Washington, D.C., September 2001, p. 4.
41. La Tercera, October 10, 2000.
42. Hugo Traslaviña, Inverlink (Santiago: Editorial Planeta, 2003).
43. Centro de Estudios Públicos, Estudio Nacional de Opinión Pública, June-July 2004.
44. Eduardo Engel and Patricio Navia, Que Gane el Más Mejor (Santiago: Random House, 2006), p. 110.
45. Dahl, Political Oppositions, pp. 348-86.
46. Carlos Huneeus, "La Necesidad de la Reforma Electoral," in Carlos Huneeus, ed., La Reforma al Sistema Binominal (Santiago: Catalonia, 2006), pp. 13-44.
47. Pereira et al., "Coalition Presidentialism," p. 16.
48. Stephen Morris, "Corruption and Democracy at the State Level in Mexico," in Charles Blake and Stephen Morris, eds., Corruption and Democracy in Latin America (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2009), pp. 169-176
49. Fernando Jiménez, "The Politics of Scandal in Spain," American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (April 2004), p. 1099;
50. Frank Esser and Uwe Hartung, "Nazis, Pollution, and No Sex," American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (April 2004), p. 1045.