메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 103-116

Conservative management of intermittent distance exotropia: A Review

Author keywords

Antisuppression; Conservative management; Control score; Intermittent distance exotropia; Minus lens therapy; Orthoptic exercises; Prisms

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DIVERGENT STRABISMUS; EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLE; EYE SURGERY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; ORTHOPTICS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; SPECTACLES;

EID: 80052662219     PISSN: 0065955X     EISSN: 15534448     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3368/aoj.61.1.103     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (14)

References (68)
  • 3
    • 11344288486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: A population- based study
    • Govindan M, Mohney BG, Diehl NN, Burke JP: Incidence and types of childhood exotropia: A population- based study. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:104-108.
    • (2005) Ophthalmology , vol.112 , pp. 104-108
    • Govindan, M.1    Mohney, B.G.2    Diehl, N.N.3    Burke, J.P.4
  • 4
    • 34548243128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common forms of childhood strabismus in an incidence cohort
    • Mohney BG: Common forms of childhood strabismus in an incidence cohort. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 144:465-467.
    • (2007) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.144 , pp. 465-467
    • Mohney, B.G.1
  • 5
    • 20444404216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A retrospective review of 287 consecutive children in Singapore presenting with intermittent exotropia
    • Chia A, Seenyen L, Boon Long Q: A retrospective review of 287 consecutive children in Singapore presenting with intermittent exotropia. J AAPOS 2005; 9:257-263.
    • (2005) J AAPOS , vol.9 , pp. 257-263
    • Chia, A.1    Seenyen, L.2    Boon Long, Q.3
  • 10
    • 72449154139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presenting features and early management of childhood intermittent exotropia in the U K. : Inception cohort study
    • Buck D, Powell C, Cumberland P, et al.: Presenting features and early management of childhood intermittent exotropia in the U.K.: Inception cohort study. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1620- 1624.
    • (2009) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.93 , pp. 1620-1624
    • Buck, D.1    Powell, C.2    Cumberland, P.3
  • 11
    • 70350560730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of control in intermittent exotropia
    • Holmes JM: Assessment of control in intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J 2009; 59:5-9.
    • (2009) Am Orthopt J , vol.59 , pp. 5-9
    • Holmes, J.M.1
  • 12
    • 60149088034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intervention for intermittent distance exotropia with overcorrecting minus lenses
    • Rowe FJ, Noonan CP, Freeman G, DeBell J: Intervention for intermittent distance exotropia with overcorrecting minus lenses. Eye 2009; 23:320-325.
    • (2009) Eye , vol.23 , pp. 320-325
    • Rowe, F.J.1    Noonan, C.P.2    Freeman, G.3    DeBell, J.4
  • 13
    • 26444535263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent exotropia, overcorrecting minus lenses, and the Newcastle scoring system
    • Watts P, Tippings E, Al-Madfai H: Intermittent exotropia, overcorrecting minus lenses, and the Newcastle scoring system. J AAPOS 2005; 9:460-464.
    • (2005) J AAPOS , vol.9 , pp. 460-464
    • Watts, P.1    Tippings, E.2    Al-Madfai, H.3
  • 14
    • 36749063161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of office control in intermittent exotropia: A systematic approach
    • Petrunak JL, Rao R: The evaluation of office control in intermittent exotropia: A systematic approach. Am Orthopt J 2003; 53:98-104.
    • (2003) Am Orthopt J , vol.53 , pp. 98-104
    • Petrunak, J.L.1    Rao, R.2
  • 15
    • 33748451083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An office- based scale for assessing control in intermittent exotropia
    • Mohney BG, Holmes JM: An office- based scale for assessing control in intermittent exotropia. Strabismus 2006; 14:147-150.
    • (2006) Strabismus , vol.14 , pp. 147-150
    • Mohney, B.G.1    Holmes, J.M.2
  • 16
    • 41849140846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia:The revised Newcastle Control Score
    • Buck D, Clarke MP, Haggerty H, et al.: Grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia:The revised Newcastle Control Score. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:577.
    • (2008) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.92 , pp. 577
    • Buck, D.1    Clarke, M.P.2    Haggerty, H.3
  • 17
    • 0942268733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Newcastle Control Score: A new method of grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia
    • Haggerty H, Richardson SR, Hrisos S, Strong NP, Clarke MP: The Newcastle Control Score: A new method of grading the severity of intermittent distance exotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2004; 88:233-235.
    • (2004) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.88 , pp. 233-235
    • Haggerty, H.1    Richardson, S.R.2    Hrisos, S.3    Strong, N.P.4    Clarke F, M.P.5
  • 18
    • 33745381785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The course of intermittent exotropia in a population- based cohort
    • Nusz KJ, Mohney BG, Diehl NN: The course of intermittent exotropia in a population- based cohort. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:1154-1158.
    • (2006) Ophthalmology , vol.113 , pp. 1154-1158
    • Nusz, K.J.1    Mohney, B.G.2    Diehl, N.N.3
  • 19
    • 33846813808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of the Newcastle Control Score in the management of intermittent exotropia
    • Buck D, Hatt SR, Haggerty H, et al.: The use of the Newcastle Control Score in the management of intermittent exotropia. Br J Ophthalmol 2007; 91:215-218.
    • (2007) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.91 , pp. 215-218
    • Buck, D.1    Hatt, S.R.2    Haggerty, H.3
  • 20
    • 70350550270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgical management of childhood intermittent exotropia
    • Weakley DR: Surgical management of childhood intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J 2009; 59:31-34.
    • (2009) Am Orthopt J , vol.59 , pp. 31-34
    • Weakley, D.R.1
  • 21
    • 0014346506 scopus 로고
    • Longterm observations on unoperated intermittent exotropia
    • Hiles DA, Davies GT, Costenbader FD: Longterm observations on unoperated intermittent exotropia. Arch Ophthalmol 1968; 80:436-442.
    • (1968) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.80 , pp. 436-442
    • Hiles, D.A.1    Davies, G.T.2    Costenbader, F.D.3
  • 22
    • 33745269569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of surgically untreated intermittent exotropia: Looking into the distant future
    • Romanchuk KG, Dotchin SA, Zurevinsky J: The natural history of surgically untreated intermittent exotropia: Looking into the distant future. J AAPOS 2006; 10:225-231.
    • (2006) J AAPOS , vol.10 , pp. 225-231
    • Romanchuk, K.G.1    Dotchin, S.A.2    Zurevinsky, J.3
  • 23
    • 34250826423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When is surgery indicated for distance exotropia?
    • Richardson SR: When is surgery indicated for distance exotropia? Br Orthopt J 2001; 58:24-29
    • (2001) Br Orthopt J , vol.58 , pp. 24-29
    • Richardson, S.R.1
  • 24
    • 80052660957 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of exotropia. Presented at Wilmer Residents' Association, Johns Hopkins Hospital, (see note 29)
    • von Noorden GK: Some aspects of exotropia. Presented at Wilmer Residents' Association, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1966 (see note 29).
    • (1966)
    • von Noorden, G.K.1
  • 28
    • 0142241527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing
    • Rowe FJ. Clinical Orthoptics, 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing; 2004.
    • (2004) Clinical Orthoptics
    • Rowe, F.J.1
  • 30
    • 0027196453 scopus 로고
    • Children with exotropia responsive to spectacle correction of hyperopia
    • Iacobucci IL, Archer SM, Giles CL: Children with exotropia responsive to spectacle correction of hyperopia. Am J Ophthalmol 1993; 116:79-83.
    • (1993) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.116 , pp. 79-83
    • Iacobucci, I.L.1    Archer, S.M.2    Giles, C.L.3
  • 31
    • 80052661459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in exodeviation following hyperopic correction in patients with intermittent exotropia
    • (e- pub ahead of print)
    • Ah Chung S, Sik Kim I, Kyum Kim W, Bok Lee J: Changes in exodeviation following hyperopic correction in patients with intermittent exotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2010 (e- pub ahead of print).
    • (2010) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
    • Ah Chung, S.1    Sik Kim, I.2    Kyum Kim, W.3    Bok Lee, J.4
  • 32
    • 0020562428 scopus 로고
    • Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia
    • Caltrider N, Jampolsky A: Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia. Ophthalmology 1983; 90:1160-1165.
    • (1983) Ophthalmology , vol.90 , pp. 1160-1165
    • Caltrider, N.1    Jampolsky, A.2
  • 35
    • 33645743522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent exotropia: Comparison of treatments
    • Figueira EC, Hing S: Intermittent exotropia: Comparison of treatments. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol 2006; 34:245-251.
    • (2006) Clin Experiment Ophthalmol , vol.34 , pp. 245-251
    • Figueira, E.C.1    Hing, S.2
  • 36
    • 1242343746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors influencing the outcome of strabismus surgery in patients with exotropia
    • Gezer A, Sezen F, Nasri N, Gozum N: Factors influencing the outcome of strabismus surgery in patients with exotropia. J AAPOS 2004; 8: 56-60.
    • (2004) J AAPOS , vol.8 , pp. 56-60
    • Gezer, A.1    Sezen, F.2    Nasri, N.3    Gozum, N.4
  • 38
    • 80052690217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of intermittent exotropia: For nonsurgical therapy
    • Pritchard C, Ellis GS: Management of intermittent exotropia: For nonsurgical therapy. Am Orthopt J 1998; 48:21-24.
    • (1998) Am Orthopt J , vol.48 , pp. 21-24
    • Pritchard, C.1    Ellis, G.S.2
  • 40
    • 0032891443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia?
    • Kushner BJ: Does overcorrecting minus lens therapy for intermittent exotropia cause myopia? Arch Ophthalmol 1999; 117:638-642
    • (1999) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.117 , pp. 638-642
    • Kushner, B.J.1
  • 41
    • 0024387335 scopus 로고
    • Changes in refractive error for exotropes treated with overminus lenses
    • Rutstein RP, Marsh- Tootle W: Changes in refractive error for exotropes treated with overminus lenses. Optom Vis Sci 1989; 66:487-491.
    • (1989) Optom Vis Sci , vol.66 , pp. 487-491
    • Rutstein, R.P.1    Marsh-Tootle, W.2
  • 42
    • 76749151443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of myopia among children with intermittent exotropia
    • Ekdawi NS, Nusz KJ, Diehl NN, Mohney BG: The development of myopia among children with intermittent exotropia. Am J Ophthalmol 2010; 149:503-507.
    • (2010) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.149 , pp. 503-507
    • Ekdawi, N.S.1    Nusz, K.J.2    Diehl, N.N.3    Mohney, B.G.4
  • 43
    • 77954694220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia in children and adults
    • Jung J, Lee S: A comparison of the clinical characteristics of intermittent exotropia in children and adults. Korean J Ophthalmol 2010; 24: 96-100.
    • (2010) Korean J Ophthalmol , vol.24 , pp. 96-100
    • Jung, J.1    Lee, S.2
  • 44
    • 33645750175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long- term results of part- time occlusion for intermittent exotropia
    • Berg PH, Lozano MJ, Isenberg SJ: Long- term results of part- time occlusion for intermittent exotropia. Am Orthopt J 1998; 48:85-89.
    • (1998) Am Orthopt J , vol.48 , pp. 85-89
    • Berg, P.H.1    Lozano, M.J.2    Isenberg, S.J.3
  • 46
    • 0018552741 scopus 로고
    • Occlusion therapy for exodeviations occurring in infants and young children
    • Spoor DK, Hiles DA: Occlusion therapy for exodeviations occurring in infants and young children. Ophthalmology 1979; 86:2152-2157.
    • (1979) Ophthalmology , vol.86 , pp. 2152-2157
    • Spoor, D.K.1    Hiles, D.A.2
  • 48
    • 80052659786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results in intermittent exotropia
    • Moore S, Mein J, Stockbridge L, eds, (see note 45)
    • Velez G: Results in intermittent exotropia. In: Moore S, Mein J, Stockbridge L, eds. Orthoptics: Past, Present and Future (see note 45), pp. 559- 562.
    • Orthoptics: Past, Present and Future , pp. 559-562
    • Velez, G.1
  • 49
    • 0026625488 scopus 로고
    • Treatment options in intermittent exotropia: A critical appraisal
    • Coffey B, Wick B, Cotter S, Scharre J, Horner D: Treatment options in intermittent exotropia: A critical appraisal. Optom Vis Sci 1992; 69: 386-404.
    • (1992) Optom Vis Sci , vol.69 , pp. 386-404
    • Coffey, B.1    Wick, B.2    Cotter, S.3    Scharre, J.4    Horner, D.5
  • 50
    • 0023380880 scopus 로고
    • Role of occlusion in treatment of intermittent exotropia
    • Vishnoi SK, Singh V, Mehra MK: Role of occlusion in treatment of intermittent exotropia. Indian J Ophthalmol 1987; 35:207-210.
    • (1987) Indian J Ophthalmol , vol.35 , pp. 207-210
    • Vishnoi, S.K.1    Singh, V.2    Mehra, M.K.3
  • 51
    • 0026893724 scopus 로고
    • Role of orthoptic treatment in the management of intermittent exotropia
    • Singh V, Roy S, Sinha S: Role of orthoptic treatment in the management of intermittent exotropia. Indian J Ophthalmol 1992; 40:83-85.
    • (1992) Indian J Ophthalmol , vol.40 , pp. 83-85
    • Singh, V.1    Roy, S.2    Sinha, S.3
  • 52
    • 84865179318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PEDIG: A randomized clinical trial of observation versus occlusion therapy for intermittent exotropia. National Library of Medicine: National Institutes for Health, Last updated December Accessed March
    • PEDIG: A randomized clinical trial of observation versus occlusion therapy for intermittent exotropia. National Library of Medicine: National Institutes for Health. http://clinicaltrials.gov. Last updated December 2009. Accessed March 2010.
    • (2009) , pp. 2010
  • 53
    • 0021318915 scopus 로고
    • Divergence excess: Characteristics and results of treatment with orthoptics
    • Daum KM: Divergence excess: Characteristics and results of treatment with orthoptics. Ophthal Physiol Opt 1984; 4:15-24.
    • (1984) Ophthal Physiol Opt , vol.4 , pp. 15-24
    • Daum, K.M.1
  • 54
    • 0019312756 scopus 로고
    • Optometric therapy of divergence excess strabismus
    • Goldrich SG: Optometric therapy of divergence excess strabismus. Ophthal Physiol Opt 1980; 57:7-14.
    • (1980) Ophthal Physiol Opt , vol.57 , pp. 7-14
    • Goldrich, S.G.1
  • 55
    • 0007584538 scopus 로고
    • Intermittent exotropia: Evaluation and therapy
    • Knapp P: Intermittent exotropia: Evaluation and therapy. Am Orthopt J 1953; 3:27-33.
    • (1953) Am Orthopt J , vol.3 , pp. 27-33
    • Knapp, P.1
  • 56
    • 80052667786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undercorrected and recurrent exotropia
    • Hodgetts DJ: Undercorrected and recurrent exotropia. Am Orthopt J 2003; 53:39-44.
    • (2003) Am Orthopt J , vol.53 , pp. 39-44
    • Hodgetts, D.J.1
  • 57
    • 0033036654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of exotropia with a high accommodation convergence- accommodation ratio
    • Kushner BJ: Diagnosis and treatment of exotropia with a high accommodation convergence- accommodation ratio. Arch Ophthalmol 1999; 117:221-224.
    • (1999) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.117 , pp. 221-224
    • Kushner, B.J.1
  • 58
    • 0344667632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermittent exotropia with high AC / A ratio: Is it a bane to surgical cure? Some facts and fictions of the two clinical tests: Occlusion of one eye and the use of +3 00 spherical lenses
    • Khawam E, Zein W, Haddad W, Haddad C, Allam S: Intermittent exotropia with high AC / A ratio: Is it a bane to surgical cure? Some facts and fictions of the two clinical tests: Occlusion of one eye and the use of +3.00 spherical lenses. Binocul Vis Strabismus Q. 2003; 18:209-216.
    • (2003) Binocul Vis Strabismus Q , vol.18 , pp. 209-216
    • Khawam, E.1    Zein, W.2    Haddad, W.3    Haddad, C.4    Allam, S.5
  • 59
    • 70350541506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fusion exercises for treatment of intermittent exotropia and phoria
    • Pejic Z, Wong W, Husain R, Ling Y, Farzavandi S: Fusion exercises for treatment of intermittent exotropia and phoria. Am Orthopt J 2006; 56:138-146.
    • (2006) Am Orthopt J , vol.56 , pp. 138-146
    • Pejic, Z.1    Wong, W.2    Husain, R.3    Ling, Y.4    Farzavandi, S.5
  • 60
    • 77957902613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The gradient AC / A ratio: What's really normal?
    • Jackson JH, Arnoldi KA: The gradient AC / A ratio: What's really normal? Am Orthopt J 2004; 54:125-132
    • (2004) Am Orthopt J , vol.54 , pp. 125-132
    • Jackson, J.H.1    Arnoldi, K.A.2
  • 61
    • 70849083000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Awareness of deviation in children with intermittent exotropia
    • Hatt SR, Leske DA, Holmes JM: Awareness of deviation in children with intermittent exotropia. Strabismus 2009; 17:101-106.
    • (2009) Strabismus , vol.17 , pp. 101-106
    • Hatt, S.R.1    Leske, D.A.2    Holmes, J.M.3
  • 62
    • 80052674508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prisms as an orthoptic tool in the management of primary exotropia
    • Moore S, Mein J, Stockbridge L, eds.
    • Veronneau- Troutman S, Shippman S, Clahane AC: Prisms as an orthoptic tool in the management of primary exotropia. In: Moore S, Mein J, Stockbridge L, eds. Orthoptics: Past, Present and Future, pp. 195-201.
    • (2020) Orthoptics: Past, Present and Future , pp. 195-201
    • Veronneau- Troutman, S.1    Shippman, S.2    Clahane, A.C.3
  • 64
    • 0037346242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of the preoperative prism adaptation test in patients with intermittent exotropia
    • Dadeya S, Kamlesh MS, Naniwal S: Usefulness of the preoperative prism adaptation test in patients with intermittent exotropia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2003; 40:85-89.
    • (2003) J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus , vol.40 , pp. 85-89
    • Dadeya, S.1    Kamlesh, M.S.2    Naniwal, S.3
  • 65
    • 0014460998 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of under and overcorrected intermittent exotropia with prism glasses
    • Hardesty HH: Treatment of under and overcorrected intermittent exotropia with prism glasses. Am Orthopt J 1969; 19:110-119.
    • (1969) Am Orthopt J , vol.19 , pp. 110-119
    • Hardesty, H.H.1
  • 66
    • 0018631019 scopus 로고
    • Prismotherapy in intermittent exotropia: A preliminary report
    • Pratt- Johnson JA, Tilson G: Prismotherapy in intermittent exotropia: A preliminary report. Canadian J Ophthalmol 1979; 14:243-245.
    • (1979) Canadian J Ophthalmol , vol.14 , pp. 243-245
    • Pratt- Johnson, J.A.1    Tilson, G.2
  • 67
    • 75749126619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prismatic effect on stereoacuity in intermittent exotropia
    • Sub Choi K, Ah Chung S, Sung Lee K, Bok Lee J: The prismatic effect on stereoacuity in intermittent exotropia. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51:117-120.
    • (2010) Yonsei Med J , vol.51 , pp. 117-120
    • Sub Choi, K.1    Ah Chung, S.2    Sung Lee, K.3    Bok Lee, J.4
  • 68
    • 80052653645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Griffiths HJ. A comparison of the effect of 3M Fresnel prisms and Trusetal prism foils on visual function
    • Cotton SH, Griffiths HJ. A comparison of the effect of 3M Fresnel prisms and Trusetal prism foils on visual function. Br Irish Orthopt J 2010; 7:45-48.
    • (2010) Br Irish Orthopt J , vol.7 , pp. 45-48
    • Cotton, S.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.