Influence of television viewing and sensation seeking on adolescents' unrealistic perceptions about smoking and smokers: Evidence from a national survey

Mass Communication and Society

Volumn 14, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 643-665

  Nan, Xiaoli ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052580404     PISSN: 15205436     EISSN: 15327825     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/15205436.2010.530384     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
2. American Association for Public Opinion Research. (1998). Standard definitions: Final dispositions of case codes and outcome rates for survey. Ann Arbor, MI: Author.
3. Ames, S. L., Sussman, S., & Dent, C. W. (1999). Pro-drug-use myths and competing constructs in the prediction of substance use among youth at continuation high schools: A one-year prospective study. Personality and Individual Differences, 26, 987-1003.
4. Arnett, J., & Balle-Jensen, L. (1993). Cultural bases of risk behavior: Danish adolescents. Child Development, 64, 1842-1855.
5. Bagdasarov, Z., Greene, K., Banerjee, S. C., Krcmar, M., Yanovitzky, I., & Ruginyte, D. (2010). I am what I watch: Voyeurism, sensation seeking, and television viewing patterns. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 54, 299-315.
6. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
7. Calvo, M. G., & Castillo, M. D. (2001). Selective interpretation in anxiety: Uncertainty for threatening events. Cognition & Emotion, 15, 299-320.
8. Carton, S., Jouvent, R., & Widlocher, D. (1994). Sensation seeking, nicotine dependence, and smoking motivation in female and male smokers. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 219-227.
9. Connolly, P. M. (1981). An exploratory study of adults engaging in the high-risk sport of skiing. Unpublished master's thesis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.
10. Donohew, L., Palmgreen, P., & Lorch, E. P. (1994). Attention, need for sensation, and health communication campaigns. American Behavioral Scientist, 38, 310-322.
11. Doob, A., & MacDonald, G. (1979). Television viewing and fear of victimization: Is the relationship causal? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37, 170-179.
12. Dozier, D. M., Lauzen, M. M., Day, C. A., Payne, S. M., & Tafoya, M. R. (2005). Leaders and elites: Portrayals of smoking in popular films. Tobacco Control, 14, 7-9.
13. Durant, R. H., Rome, E. S., Rich, M., Allred, E., Emans, S. J., & Woods, E. R. (1997). Tobacco and alcohol use behaviors portrayed in music videos: A content analysis. American Journal of Public Health, 87, 1131-1135.
14. Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston, IL: Row, Peterson.
15. Gandy, O. H., Jr., & Baron, J. (1998). Inequality: It's all the way you look at it. Communication Research, 25, 505-527.
16. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1980). The "mainstreaming" of America: Violence profile no. 11. Journal of Communication, 30, 10-29.
17. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1982). Charting the mainstream: Television's contributions to political orientations. Journal of Communication, 32, 100-127.
18. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., & Signorielli, N. (1984). Political correlates of television viewing. Public Opinion Quarterly, 48, 283-300.
19. Gerbner, G., Gross, L., Morgan, M., Signorielli, N., & Shanahan, J. (2002). Growing up with television: Cultivation processes. In J. Bryant & D. Zillman (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 43-67). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
20. Gidwani, P. P., Sobol, A., DeJong, W., Perrin, J. M., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2002). Television viewing and initiation of smoking among youth. Pediatrics, 110, 505-508.
21. Glantz, S., Kacirk, K., & McCulloch, C. (2004). Back to the future: Smoking in movies in 2002 compared with 1950 levels. American Journal of Public Health, 94, 261-263.
22. Greene, K., Krcmar, M., Walters, L. H., Rubin, D. L., Hale, J., & Hale, L. (2000). Targeting adolescent risk-taking behaviors: The contributions of egocentrism and sensation-seeking. Journal of Adolescence, 23, 439-461.
23. Gutschoven, K., & Van den Bulck, J. (2004). Television viewing and smoking volume in adolescent smokers: A cross-sectional study. Preventive Medicine, 39, 1093-1098.
24. Gutschoven, K., & Van den Bulck, J. (2005). Television viewing and age at smoking initiation: Does a relationship exist between higher levels of television viewing and earlier onset of smoking? Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 7, 381-385.
25. Hawkins, R., & Pingree, S. (1980). Some processes in the cultivation effect. Communication Research, 7, 193-226.
26. Hazan, A. R., & Glantz, S. A. (1995). Current trends in tobacco use on prime-time fictional television. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 116-117.
27. Higgins, E. T., & King, G. (1981). Accessibility of social constructs: Information-processing consequences of individual and contextual variability. In C. Nancy & J. Kihlstrom (Eds.), Personality, cognition, and social interaction (pp. 69-121). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
28. Hirschman, E. (1987). Consumer preferences in literature, motion pictures, and television programs. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 5, 31-46.
29. Hoffner, C. A., & Levine, K. J. (2007). Enjoyment of mediated fright and violence: A meta-analysis. In R. W. Preiss, B. M. Gayle, N. Burrell, M. Allen & J. Bryant (Eds.), Mass media effects research: Advances through meta-analysis (pp. 215-244). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
30. Hoyle, R. H., Stephenson, M. T., Palmgreen, P., Lorch, E. P., & Donohew, R. L. (2002). Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 401-414.
31. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2004). Entertainment education and health in the United States. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/entmedia/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID/34381
32. Kiecolt, K. J., & Sayles, M. (1988). Television and the cultivation of attitudes toward subordinate groups. Sociological Spectrum, 8, 19-33.
33. Kraft, P., & Rise, J. (1994). The relationship between sensation seeking and smoking, alcohol consumption and sexual behavior among Norwegian adolescents. Health Education Research, 9,193-200.
34. McCrae, R. R. (1996). Social consequences of experiential openness. Psychological Bulletin, 120,323-337.
35. McCroskey, J. C., Heisel, A. D., & Richmond, V. P. (2001). Eysenck's big three and communication traits: Three correlational studies. Communication Monographs, 68, 360-366.
36. McIntosh, W. D., Bazzani, D. G., Smith, S. M., & Wayne, S.M. (1998). Whosmokes inHollywood? Characteristics of smokers in popular films from 1940 to 1989. Addictive Behaviors, 23, 395-398.
37. Morgan, M. (1986). Television and the erosion of regional diversity. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 30, 123-139.
38. Morgan, M., & Shanahan, J. (1996). Two decades of cultivation research: An appraisal and meta-analysis. In B. R. Burleson (Ed.), Communication yearbook, 20 (pp. 1-45). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
39. Nabi, R. L., & Riddle, K. (2008). Personality traits as moderators of the cultivation effect. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52, 327-348.
40. Niederdeppe, J., Fowler, E. F., Goldstein, K., & Pribble, J. (2010). Does local television news coverage cultivate fatalistic beliefs about cancer prevention? Journal of Communication, 60, 230-253.
41. Noar, S. M., Zimmerman, R. S., Palmgreen, P., Lustria, M. L. A., & Horosewski, M. L. (2006). Integrating personality and psychosocial theoretical approaches to understanding safer sexual behavior: Implications for message design. Health Communication, 19, 165-174.
42. Orlebeke, J. F., van der Molen, M. W., Dolan, C., & Stoffels, E. J. (1990). The additive factor logic applied to the personality trait disinhibition. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 553-558.
43. Pfau, M., Mullen, L. J., Deidrich, T., & Garrow, K. (1995). Television viewing and public perceptions of attorneys. Human Communication Research, 21, 307-330.
44. Pfau, M., Mullen, L. J., & Garrow, K. (1995). The influence of television viewing on public perceptions of physicians. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 39, 441-458.
45. Quick, B. L. (2009). The effects of viewing Grey's Anatomy on perceptions of doctors and patient satisfaction. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 53, 38-55.
46. Roberti, J. W. (2004). A review of behavioral and biological correlates of sensation seeking. Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 256-279.
47. Rossi, B., & Cereatti, L. (1993). The sensation seeking in mountain athletes as assessed by Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 24, 417-431.
48. Shanahan, J., Scheufele, D., Yang, F., & Hizi, S. (2004). Cultivation and spiral of silence effects: The case of smoking. Mass Communication and Society, 7, 413-428.
49. Shogren, E. (1997, December 4). Hollywood is urged to act on smoking. Los Angeles Times, p. A25.
50. Shrum, L. J. (2001). Processing strategy moderates the cultivation effect. Human Communication Research, 27, 94-120.
51. Shrum, L. J., & Bischak, V. D. (2001). Mainstreaming, resonance, and impersonal impact: Testing moderators of the cultivation effect for estimates of crime risk. Human Communication Research, 27, 187-215.
52. Shrum, L. J., & O'Guinn, T. C. (1993). Processes and effects in the construction of social reality: Construct accessibility as an explanatory variable. Communication Research, 20, 436-471.
53. Shrum, L. J., Wyer, R. S., & O'Guinn, T. C. (1998). The effects of television consumption on social perceptions: The use of priming procedures to investigate psychological processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 447-458.
54. Slater, M. D. (2003). Alienation, aggression, and sensation-seeking as predictors of adolescent use of violent film, computer and website content. Journal of Communication, 53, 105-121.
55. Stephenson, M. T., & Helme, D. W. (2006). Authoritative parenting and sensation seeking as predictors of adolescent cigarette and marijuana use. Journal of Drug Education, 36, 247-270.
56. Stephenson, M. T., Hoyle, R. H., Palmgreen, P., & Slater, M. D. (2003). Brief measures of sensation seeking for screening and large-scale surveys. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 72, 279-286.
57. Stephenson, M. T., & Palmgreen, P. (2001). Sensation seeking, message sensation value, personal involvement, and processing of anti-drug PSAs. Communication Monographs, 68, 49-71.
58. Stockwell, T., & Glantz, S. (1997). Tobacco use increasing in popular films. Tobacco Control, 6, 282-284.
59. Tanski, S. E., Stoolmiller, M., Dal Cin, S., Worth, K. A., Gibson, J. J., & Sargent, J. D. (2009). Movie character smoking and adolescent smoking: Who matters more, good guys or bad guys? Pediatrics, 124, 135-143.
60. Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1989). Construct validity of the lethal behaviors scale. Psychological Reports, 65, 844-846.
61. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 1124-1131.
62. Worth, K. A., Duke, J., Green, M., & Sargent, J. D. (2007). Character smoking in top box office movies (First Look Report No. 18). Washington, DC: American Legacy Foundation.
63. Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (1989). Memory and cognition in its social context. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
64. Yanovitzky, I. (2005). Sensation seeking and adolescent drug use: The mediating role of association with deviant peers. Health Communication, 17, 67-89.
65. Yanovitzky, I. (2006). Sensation seeking and alcohol use by college students: Examining multiple pathways of effects. Journal of Health Communication, 11, 269-280.
66. Yanovitzky, I., & Stryker, J. (2001). Mass media, social norms, and health promotion efforts: A longitudinal study of media effects on youth binge drinking. Communication Research, 28, 208-239.
67. Zaleski, Z. (1984). Sensation seeking and risk taking behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 607-608.
68. Zillmann, D., & Weaver, J. B., III. (1997). Psychoticism in the effect of prolonged exposure to gratuitous media violence on the acceptance of violence as a preferred means of conflict resolution. Personality & Individual Differences, 22, 613-627.
69. Zuckerman, M. (1978). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
70. Zuckerman, M. (1983). Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
71. Zuckerman, M. (1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
72. Zuckerman, M., Ball, S., & Black, J. (1990). Influences of sensation seeking, gender, risk appraisal and situational motivation on smoking. Addictive Behaviors, 15, 209-220.
73. Zuckerman, M., Bone, R. N., Neary, R., Mangelsdorff, D., & Brustman, B. (1972). What is the sensation seeker? Personality trait and experience correlates of the sensation seeking scales. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 39, 308-321.
74. Zuckerman, M., Eysenck, S., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America: Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 139-149.