Mothers with mental illness experiencing homelessness: A critical analysis

Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing

Volumn 18, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 687-695

  Benbow, S ^a   Forchuk, C ^a,b   Ray, S L ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

^b LAWSON HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Feminist intersectionality; Health; Homelessness; Mothers; Nursing

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HOMELESSNESS; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MENTAL DISEASE; MOTHER; NURSE ATTITUDE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIOECONOMICS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; FEMALE; FOCUS GROUPS; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY; HOMELESS PERSONS; HUMANS; MENTAL DISORDERS; MOTHERS; NURSE'S ROLE; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80052540211     PISSN: 13510126     EISSN: 13652850     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01720.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Alexander L.A. & Link B.G. (2003) The impact of contact stigmatizing attitudes toward people with mental illness. Journal of Mental Health 12, 271-289.
2. Anderson D.G. & Rayens M.K. (2004) Factors influencing homelessness in women. Public Health Nursing 21, 12-23.
3. Averitt S.S. (2003) 'Homelessness is not a choice!': the plight of homeless women with preschool children living in temporary shelters. Journal of Family Nursing 9, 79-100.
4. Barnes C. & Oliver M. (1993) Disability: a sociological phenomenon ignored by sociologists. Available at: (accessed 2 April 2008).
5. Berge M. & Ranney M. (2005) Self-esteem and stigma among persons with schizophrenia: implications for mental health. Care Management Journals 6, 139-144.
6. Canadian Nurses Association (2009) Ethics in practice: social justice in practice. Available at: (accessed May 2009).
7. Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation (2008) Human rights in housing in Canada: an advocate's guide. Available at: (accessed 27 March 2009).
8. Cheung A.M. & Hwang S.Q. (2004) Risk of death among homeless women: a cohort study and review of the literature. Canadian Medical Association Journal 170, 1243-1247.
9. City of Toronto (2003) Community social planning council of Toronto: review of the literature from a Toronto perspective. Available at: (accessed 1 April 2008).
10. Connolly D.R. (2000) Homeless Mothers: Face to Face with Women and Poverty. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.
11. Cosgrove L. & Flynn C. (2005) Marginalized mothers: parenting without a home. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 5, 127-143.
12. Craft-Rosenberg M., Powell S.R. & Culp K. (2000) Health status and resources of rural homeless women and children. Western Journal of Nursing Research 22, 863-878.
13. Crenshaw K. (1993) Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: a Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics. In Feminist Legal Theory (ed Weisberg, D.K.), pp. 383-395. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
14. Dickerson F.B., Sommerville J., Origoni A.E., etal. (2002) Experiences of stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 28, 143-155.
15. Du Mont J. & Miller K. (2000) Countless abused women: homeless and inadequately housed. Canadian Woman Studies 20, 115-122.
16. Durbin J., Lin E., Layne C., etal. (2007) Is readmission a valid indicator of the quality of inpatient psychiatric care? The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 34, 137-150.
17. Eakin J., Robertson A., Poland B., Coburn D. & Edwards R. (1996) Towards a critical social science perspective on health promotion research. Health Promotion International 11, 157-165.
18. Fontana J.S. (2004) A methodology or critical science in nursing. Advances in Nursing Science 27, 93-101.
19. Forchuk C., Turner C., Wiktorowicz M., etal. (2006) Research report. Partnerships in capacity building: housing, community economic development and psychiatric survivors. Community-University Research Alliance Research Grant, Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
20. Forchuk C., Jensen E., Gorlick C., etal. (2007) Research report. Diversity and homelessness: visible/cultural minorities and psychiatric survivors. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.
21. Forchuk C., Csiernik R. & Jensen E., eds (in press) Homelessness, Housing and Mental Health Consumer Survivors: Finding Truths - Creating Change. Canadian Scholars Press.
22. Goering P., Tolomiczenko G., Sheldon T., etal. (2002) Characteristics of persons who are homeless for the first time. Psychiatric Services 53, 1472-1474.
23. Hatton D., Kleffel D., Bennett S., etal. (2008) Homeless women and children's access to health care: a paradox. Journal of Community Health Nursing 18, 25-34.
24. Heaton J. (2004) Reworking Qualitative Data. Sage Publication, New Delhi.
25. Hill Collins P. (2000) Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and Politics of Empowerment, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York.
26. Knudsen S.V. (2006) Intersectionality - a theoretical inspiration in the analysis of minority cultures and identities in textbooks. In: Caught in the Web or Lost in the Textbook? (eds Bruillard, E., Aamotsbakken, B., Knudsen, S.V., etal.), pp. 61-76. Jouve, Paris. Available at: (accessed 18 September 2008).
27. Kraus D. & Dowling P. (2003) Family homelessness: causes and solutions. CMHC Socio-economic series, 03-006. Available at: (accessed 28 April 2008).
28. Lofland J., Snow D.A., Anderson L., etal. (2006) Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis, 4th edn. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
29. Lyons M. & Ziviani J. (1995) Stereotypes, stigma, and mental illness: learning from fieldwork experiences. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 49, 1002-1008.
30. McDonald K.E., Keys C.B. & Balcazar F.E. (2007) Disability, race/ethnicity and gender: themes of cultural oppression, acts of individual resistance. American Journal of Community Psychology 39, 145-161.
31. May J., Cloke P. & Johnsen S. (2007) Alternative cartographies of homelessness: rendering visible British women's experiences of 'visible' homelessness. Gender, Place and Culture 14, 121-140.
32. Morris R. & Strong L. (2004) The impact of homelessness on the health of families. The Journal of School Nursing 20, 221-227.
33. Mullings L. (2006) Resistance and resilience: the sojourner syndrome and the social context of reproduction in central Harlem. In: Gender, Race, Class, & Health: Intersectional Approaches (eds Schulz, A.J. & Mullings, L.), pp. 345-370. Jossey-Bass, San Fransisco, CA.
34. Pager D. & Shepherd H. (2008) The sociology of discrimination: racial discrimination in employment, housing, credit, and consumer markets. Annual Review of Sociology 34, 181-209.
35. Rahder B. (2006) The crisis of women's homelessness in Canada: summary of a CERA report. Women & Environments International Magazine 70/71, 38-39.
36. Roscigno V.J., Karafin D. & Tester G. (2007) The multidimensional nature of housing discrimination. In: The Face of Discrimination: How Race and Gender Impact Work and Home Lives (ed Roscingno, V.J.), pp. 171-186. Rowan & Littlefield, New York.
37. Schulz A.J. & Mullings L. (2006) Gender, Race, Class, & Health: Intersectional Approaches. Jossey-Bass, San Fransisco, CA.
38. Scott S. (2007) All Our Sisters: Stories of Homeless Women in Canada. Broadview Press, Toronto.
39. Stermac L. & Paradis E.K. (2001) Homeless women and victimization: abuse and mental health history among homeless rape survivors. Resources for Feminist Research 28, 65-78.
40. Styron T., Janoff-Bulman R. & Davidson L. (2000) 'Please ask me how I am': experiences of family homelessness in the context of single mothers' lives. Journal of Social Distress and the Homeless 9, 143-165.
41. Szabo V. & Strang V.R. (1997) Secondary analysis of qualitative data. Advances in Nursing Science 20, 66-74.
42. Thorne S. (1998) Ethical and representational issues in qualitative secondary analysis. Qualitative Health Research 8, 547-555.
43. Thorne S. & Varcoe C. (1998) The tyranny of feminist methodology in women's health research. Health Care for Women International 19, 481-493.
44. Tischler V. (2008) Resettlement and reintegration: single mothers' reflections after homelessness. Community, Work & Family 11, 243-252.
45. Tischler V. & Vostanis P. (2007) Homeless mothers: is there a relationship between coping strategies, mental health and goal achievement? Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology 17, 85-102.
46. Tischler V., Rademeyer A. & Vostanis P. (2007) Mothers experiencing homelessness: mental health, support and social care needs. Health & Social Care in the Community 15, 246-253.
47. Trad P.V. (1991) The ultimate stigma of mental illness. American Journal of Psychotherapy 45, 463-466.
48. United Nations (1948). The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Available at: (accessed 7 July 2010).
49. Wade A. (1997) Small acts of living: everyday resistance to violence and other forms of oppression. Contemporary Family Therapy 19, 23-39.
50. Waegemakers Schiff J. (2007) Homeless families in Canada: discovering total families. Families in Society 88, 131-140.
51. Walters S. & East L. (2001) The cycle of homelessness in the lives of young mothers: the diagnostic phase of an action research project. Journal of Clinical Nursing 10, 171-179.
52. Weber S.J. (1986) The nature of interviewing. Phenomenology and Pedagogy 4, 65-72.
53. Werner P., Aviv A. & Barak Y. (2008) Self-stigma, self-esteem and age in persons with schizophrenia. International Psychogeriatrics 20, 174-187.
54. Whitzman C. (2006) At the intersection of invisibilities: Canadian women, homelessness and health outside the 'big city'. Gender, Place and Culture 13, 383-399.
55. Widom C.M. & Maxfield M.G. (2001) An update on the cycle of violence. National Institute of Justice Research in Brief, 1-8. Available at: (accessed 6 February 2009).
56. Wuest J. (1995) Feminist grounded theory: an exploration of the congruency and tensions between two traditions in knowledge discovery. Qualitative Health Research 5, 125-137.