메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue , 2011, Pages

Effects of industrial agriculture on climate change and the mitigation potential of small-scale agro-ecological farms

(15)  Lin, Brenda B a   Chappell, M Jahi b   Vandermeer, John c   Smith, Gerald c   Quintero, Eileen c   Bezner Kerr, Rachel d   Griffith, Daniel M e   Ketcham, Stuart f   Latta, Steven C g   Mcmichael, Philip h   Mcguire, Krista L i   Nigh, Ron j   Rocheleau, Dianne k   Soluri, John l   Perfecto, Ivette c  


Author keywords

Adaptation; Agro ecology; Climate change; Global warming; Greenhouse gases; Industrial agriculture; Land conversion; Mitigation; Small scale agriculture

Indexed keywords


EID: 80052496089     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17498848     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20116020     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (58)

References (163)
  • 1
    • 44449122788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigation of climate change: Contribution of working group III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change
    • IPCC, In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA, editors, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY
    • IPCC. Mitigation of climate change: contribution of working group III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. In: Metz B, Davidson OR, Bosch PR, Dave R, Meyer LA, editors. Climate Change 2007. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY; 2007. p. 890.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007 , pp. 890
  • 2
    • 0037043689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices
    • Tilman D, Cassman KG, Matson PA, Naylor R, Polasky S. Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature 2002;418(6898):671-7.
    • (2002) Nature , vol.418 , Issue.6898 , pp. 671-677
    • Tilman, D.1    Cassman, K.G.2    Matson, P.A.3    Naylor, R.4    Polasky, S.5
  • 3
    • 0034665720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere
    • Robertson GP, Paul EA, Harwood RR. Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. Science 2000;289(5486):1922-5.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , Issue.5486 , pp. 1922-1925
    • Robertson, G.P.1    Paul, E.A.2    Harwood, R.R.3
  • 5
    • 0035912176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainability of three apple production systems
    • DOI 10.1038/35073574
    • Reganold JP, Glover JD, Andrews PK, Hinman HR. Sustainability of three apple production systems. Nature 2001;410(6831):926-30. (Pubitemid 32335836)
    • (2001) Nature , vol.410 , Issue.6831 , pp. 926-930
    • Reganold, J.P.1    Glover, J.D.2    Andrews, P.K.3    Hinman, H.R.4
  • 6
    • 0032865168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems
    • DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00028-6, PII S0167880999000286
    • Altieri MA. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment 1999;74(1-3):19-31. (Pubitemid 29384411)
    • (1999) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.74 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 19-31
    • Altieri, M.A.1
  • 8
    • 0034477365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as adaptive management
    • Berkes F, Colding J, Folke C. Rediscovery of traditional ecological knowledge as adaptive management. Ecological Applications 2000;10(5):1251-62. (Pubitemid 32139993)
    • (2000) Ecological Applications , vol.10 , Issue.5 , pp. 1251-1262
    • Berkes, F.1    Colding, J.2    Folke, C.3
  • 9
    • 79451474100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food security and biodiversity: Can we have both? An agroecological analysis
    • Chappell MJ, LaValle LA. Food security and biodiversity: can we have both? An agroecological analysis. Agricultural Human Values 2009;28:3-26.
    • (2009) Agricultural Human Values , vol.28 , pp. 3-26
    • Chappell, M.J.1    LaValle, L.A.2
  • 11
    • 77953332257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The physical science basis. Contribution of working group i to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change
    • IPCC, In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, et al. editors, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA
    • IPCC. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, et al. editors. Climate Change 2007. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, USA; 2007. p. 996.
    • (2007) Climate Change 2007 , pp. 996
  • 12
    • 33746547007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions
    • Scheehle EA, Kruger D. Global anthropogenic methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Energy Journal 2006;3:33-44.
    • (2006) Energy Journal , vol.3 , pp. 33-44
    • Scheehle, E.A.1    Kruger, D.2
  • 14
    • 80052469419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis report: A synthesis of the Global and Sub-Global IAASTD reports
    • IAASTD, In: McIntyre BD, Herren HR, Wakhungu J, Watson RT, editors, Science and Technology for Development. Island Press, Washington, DC
    • IAASTD. Synthesis report: a synthesis of the Global and Sub-Global IAASTD Reports. In: McIntyre BD, Herren HR, Wakhungu J, Watson RT, editors. Agriculture at a crossroads: International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development. Island Press, Washington, DC; 2009. p. 106.
    • (2009) Agriculture at a Crossroads: International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge , pp. 106
  • 17
    • 0030302293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world
    • Batjes NH. Total carbon and nitrogen in the soils of the world. European Journal of Soil Science 1996;47(2):151-63.
    • (1996) European Journal of Soil Science , vol.47 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-163
    • Batjes, N.H.1
  • 18
    • 0036306381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fungal-to-bacterial ratios in soils investigated for enhanced C sequestration
    • DOI 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00033-0, PII S0038071702000330
    • Bailey VL, Smith JL, Bolton H. Fungal-to-bacterial ratios in soils investigated for enhanced C sequestration. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2002;34(7):997-1007. (Pubitemid 34731333)
    • (2002) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 997-1007
    • Bailey, V.L.1    Smith, J.L.2    Bolton Jr., H.3
  • 19
    • 36348994286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration
    • DOI 10.2134/jeq2007.0099
    • Khan SA, Mulvaney RL, Ellsworth TR, Boast CW. The myth of nitrogen fertilization for soil carbon sequestration. Journal of Environmental Quality 2007;36(6):1821-32. (Pubitemid 350139097)
    • (2007) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 1821-1832
    • Khan, S.A.1    Mulvaney, R.L.2    Ellsworth, T.R.3    Boast, C.W.4
  • 21
    • 0033880650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 and nitrogen deposition
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00690.x
    • Treseder KK, Allen MF. Mycorrhizal fungi have a potential role in soil carbon storage under elevated CO2 and nitrogen deposition. New Phytologist 2000;147(1):189-200. (Pubitemid 30597226)
    • (2000) New Phytologist , vol.147 , Issue.1 , pp. 189-200
    • Treseder, K.K.1    Allen, M.F.2
  • 22
    • 1642343260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable agriculture
    • DOI 10.1016/j.femsec.2003.11.012, PII S0168649604000054
    • Johansson JF, Paul LR, Finlay RD. Microbial interactions in the mycorrhizosphere and their significance for sustainable agriculture. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 2004;48(1):1-13. (Pubitemid 38393771)
    • (2004) FEMS Microbiology Ecology , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-13
    • Johansson, J.F.1    Paul, L.R.2    Finlay, R.D.3
  • 23
    • 6344253208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 in field studies
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01159.x
    • 2 in field studies. New Phytologist 2004;164(2):347-55. (Pubitemid 39384747)
    • (2004) New Phytologist , vol.164 , Issue.2 , pp. 347-355
    • Treseder, K.K.1
  • 24
    • 0037281687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility
    • Jeffries P, Gianinazzi S, Perotto S, Turnau K, Barea JM. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 2003;37(1):1-16. (Pubitemid 36260702)
    • (2003) Biology and Fertility of Soils , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-16
    • Jeffries, P.1    Gianinazzi, S.2    Perotto, S.3    Turnau, K.4    Barea, J.-M.5
  • 26
    • 61849145224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pasture management clearly affects soil microbial community structure and N-cycling bacteria
    • Wakelin SA, Gregg AL, Simpson RJ, Li GD, Riley IT, Mckay AC. Pasture management clearly affects soil microbial community structure and N-cycling bacteria. Pedobiologia 2009;52(4):237-51.
    • (2009) Pedobiologia , vol.52 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-251
    • Wakelin, S.A.1    Gregg, A.L.2    Simpson, R.J.3    Li, G.D.4    Riley, I.T.5    Mckay, A.C.6
  • 27
    • 28644435323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel genes for nitrite reductase and Amo-related proteins indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen cycling
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00906.x
    • Treusch A, Leininger S, Kletzin A, Schuster S, Klenk H, Schleper C. Novel genes for nitrite reductase and Amorelated proteins indicate a role of uncultivated mesophilic crenarchaeota in nitrogen cycling. Environmental Microbiology 2005;7(12):1985-95. (Pubitemid 41752386)
    • (2005) Environmental Microbiology , vol.7 , Issue.12 , pp. 1985-1995
    • Treusch, A.H.1    Leininger, S.2    Kietzin, A.3    Schuster, S.C.4    Klenk, H.-P.5    Schleper, C.6
  • 28
    • 67549136082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitigating release of the potent greenhouse gas N2O from the nitrogen cycle - Could enzymic regulation hold the key?
    • Richardson D, Felgate H, Watmough N, Thomson A, Baggs E. Mitigating release of the potent greenhouse gas N2O from the nitrogen cycle - could enzymic regulation hold the key? Trends in Biotechnology 2009;27(7):388-97.
    • (2009) Trends in Biotechnology , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 388-397
    • Richardson, D.1    Felgate, H.2    Watmough, N.3    Thomson, A.4    Baggs, E.5
  • 29
    • 0035117250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of denitrifier diversity in rates of nitrous oxide consumption in a terrestrial ecosystem
    • DOI 10.1016/S0038-0717(00)00141-3, PII S0038071700001413
    • Cavigelli MA, Robertson GP. Role of denitrifier diversity in rates of nitrous oxide consumption in a terrestrial ecosystem. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2001;33(3):297-310. (Pubitemid 32183896)
    • (2001) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.33 , Issue.3 , pp. 297-310
    • Cavigelli, M.A.1    Robertson, G.P.2
  • 30
    • 0033850862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impacts of agriculture on soil carbon and nitrogen in New England forests
    • Compton JE, Boone RD. Long-term impacts of agriculture on soil carbon and nitrogen in New England forests. Ecology 2000;81(8):2314-30.
    • (2000) Ecology , vol.81 , Issue.8 , pp. 2314-2330
    • Compton, J.E.1    Boone, R.D.2
  • 31
    • 0033536237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen oxide emissions after nitrogen additions in tropical forests
    • DOI 10.1038/22094
    • Hall SJ, Matson PA. Nitrogen oxide emissions after nitrogen additions in tropical forests. Nature 1999;400(6740):152-5. (Pubitemid 29327541)
    • (1999) Nature , vol.400 , Issue.6740 , pp. 152-155
    • Hall, S.J.1    Matson, P.A.2
  • 32
    • 0026306559 scopus 로고
    • Measuring gross nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification by N isotopic pool dilution in intact soil cores
    • Davidson EA, Hart SC, Shanks CA, Firestone MK. Measuring gross nitrogen mineralization, and nitrification by N isotopic pool dilution in intact soil cores. European Journal of Soil Science 1991;42(3):335-49.
    • (1991) European Journal of Soil Science , vol.42 , Issue.3 , pp. 335-349
    • Davidson, E.A.1    Hart, S.C.2    Shanks, C.A.3    Firestone, M.K.4
  • 33
    • 0034092093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and kinetics of nitric and nitrous oxide production during nitrification in agricultural soil
    • DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00309.x
    • Venterea RT, Rolston DE. Mechanisms and kinetics of nitric and nitrous oxide production during nitrification in agricultural soil. Global Change Biology 2000;6(3):303-16. (Pubitemid 30233821)
    • (2000) Global Change Biology , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 303-316
    • Venterea, R.T.1    Rolston, D.E.2
  • 36
    • 2442436729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2O emissions after their addition to soil
    • DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2004.02.008, PII S0038071704000586
    • 2O emissions after their addition to soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2004;36(6):935-43. (Pubitemid 38629886)
    • (2004) Soil Biology and Biochemistry , vol.36 , Issue.6 , pp. 935-943
    • Millar, N.1    Baggs, E.M.2
  • 40
    • 84891344769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USEPA, USEPA, Washington, DC;, updated 5 March 2010; cited 11 March 2010. Available from: URL
    • USEPA. Global Warming: Methane. USEPA, Washington, DC; 2005 [updated 5 March 2010; cited 11 March 2010]. Available from: URL: http://www.epa.gov/ methane
    • (2005) Global Warming: Methane
  • 41
    • 33750737438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Livestock production systems in developing countries: Status, drivers, trends
    • Steinfeld H, Wassenaar T, Jutzi S. Livestock production systems in developing countries: status, drivers, trends. Revue Scientifique Et Technique-Office International Des Epizooties 2006;25(2):505-16. (Pubitemid 44701877)
    • (2006) OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 505-516
    • Steinfeld, H.1    Wassenaar, T.2    Jutzi, S.3
  • 42
    • 0842330605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methane and nitrogen oxide fluxes in tropical agricultural soils: Sources, sinks and mechanisms
    • DOI 10.1023/B:ENVI.0000003627.43162.ae
    • Mosier A, Wassmann R, Verchot L, King J, Palm C. Methane and nitrogen oxide fluxes in tropical agricultural soils: sources, sinks and mechanisms. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2004;6(1):11-49. (Pubitemid 38162265)
    • (2004) Environment, Development and Sustainability , vol.6 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 11-49
    • Mosier, A.1    Wassmann, R.2    Verchot, L.3    King, J.4    Palm, C.5
  • 43
    • 0035011173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas emissions during cattle feedlot manure composting
    • Hao XY, Chang C, Larney FJ, Travis GR. Greenhouse gas emissions during cattle feedlot manure composting. Journal of Environmental Quality 2001;30(2):376-86. (Pubitemid 32424057)
    • (2001) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 376-386
    • Hao, X.1    Chang, C.2    Larney, F.J.3    Travis, G.R.4
  • 44
    • 0036010872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitrogen and food production: Proteins for human diets
    • Smil V. Nitrogen and food production: Proteins for human diets. Ambio 2002;31(2):126-31. (Pubitemid 34414230)
    • (2002) Ambio , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 126-131
    • Smil, V.1
  • 45
    • 70149091746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1860
    • Davidson EA. The contribution of manure and fertilizer nitrogen to atmospheric nitrous oxide since 1860. Nature Geoscience 2009;2(9):659-62.
    • (2009) Nature Geoscience , vol.2 , Issue.9 , pp. 659-662
    • Davidson, E.A.1
  • 46
  • 47
    • 15444376215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Farm costs and food miles: An assessment of the full cost of the UK weekly food basket
    • DOI 10.1016/j.foodpol.2005.02.001, PII S0306919205000059
    • Pretty JN, Ball AS, Lang T, Morison JIL. Farm costs and food miles: An assessment of the full cost of the UK weekly food basket. Food Policy 2005;30(1):1-19. (Pubitemid 40398154)
    • (2005) Food Policy , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-19
    • Pretty, J.N.1    Ball, A.S.2    Lang, T.3    Morison, J.I.L.4
  • 48
    • 10944221155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UK National Statistics, Available from: URL
    • UK National Statistics. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Transport. 2004. Available from: URL: http://www.statistics.gov. uk/downloads/theme-environment/ transport-report.pdf
    • (2004) Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Transport
  • 49
    • 43749107996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States
    • DOI 10.1021/es702969f
    • Weber CL, Matthews HS. Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States. Environmental Science and Technology 2008;42(10):3508-13. (Pubitemid 351694052)
    • (2008) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 3508-3513
    • Weber, C.L.1    Matthews, H.S.2
  • 51
    • 54249139120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decisions to reduce greenhouse gases from agriculture and product transport: LCA case study of organic and conventional wheat
    • Meisterling K, Samaras C, Schweizer V. Decisions to reduce greenhouse gases from agriculture and product transport: LCA case study of organic and conventional wheat. Journal of Cleaner Production 2009;17(2):222-30.
    • (2009) Journal of Cleaner Production , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 222-230
    • Meisterling, K.1    Samaras, C.2    Schweizer, V.3
  • 52
    • 33847312628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food miles - Comparative energy/emissions performance of New Zealand's agriculture industry
    • Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand;, Report No. 285
    • Saunders C, Barber A, Taylor G. Food miles - comparative energy/emissions performance of New Zealand's agriculture industry. Research Report. Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand; 2006. Report No. 285.
    • (2006) Research Report. Agribusiness and Economics Research Unit
    • Saunders, C.1    Barber, A.2    Taylor, G.3
  • 53
    • 20044366576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food (miles) for Thought: Energy balance for locally-grown versus imported apple fruit
    • DOI 10.1065/espr2005.05.252
    • Blanke M, Burdick B. Food (miles) for thought - energy balance for locally-grown versus imported apple fruit. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2005;12(3):125-7. (Pubitemid 40764190)
    • (2005) Environmental Science and Pollution Research , vol.12 , Issue.3 , pp. 125-127
    • Blanke, M.M.1    Burdick, B.2
  • 55
    • 0036714042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: Comparing tillage practices in the United States
    • DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00233-X, PII S016788090100233X
    • West TO, Marland G. A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: comparing tillage practices in the United States. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 2002;91(1-3):217-32. (Pubitemid 35022113)
    • (2002) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.91 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 217-232
    • West, T.O.1    Marland, G.2
  • 56
    • 0034931562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil management concepts and carbon sequestration zin cropland soils
    • DOI 10.1016/S0167-1987(01)00180-5, PII S0167198701001805
    • Follett RF. Soil management concepts and carbon sequestration in cropland soils. Soil and Tillage Research 2001;61(1-2):77-92. (Pubitemid 32623848)
    • (2001) Soil and Tillage Research , vol.61 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 77-92
    • Follett, R.F.1
  • 57
    • 77957958203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security
    • Lal R. Managing soils and ecosystems for mitigating anthropogenic carbon emissions and advancing global food security. BioScience 2010;60:708-21.
    • (2010) BioScience , vol.60 , pp. 708-721
    • Lal, R.1
  • 58
    • 0036100190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture
    • Horrigan L, Lawrence R, Walker P. How sustainable agriculture can address the environmental and human health harms of industrial agriculture. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110:445-456. (Pubitemid 34546504)
    • (2002) Environmental Health Perspectives , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 445-456
    • Horrigan, L.1    Lawrence, R.S.2    Walker, P.3
  • 59
    • 0030840596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties
    • DOI 10.1126/science.277.5325.504
    • Matson PA, Parton WJ, Power AG, Swift MJ. Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 1997;277(5325):504-9. (Pubitemid 27368988)
    • (1997) Science , vol.277 , Issue.5325 , pp. 504-509
    • Matson, P.A.1    Parton, W.J.2    Power, A.G.3    Swift, M.J.4
  • 62
    • 0032840323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: A search for general principles
    • Tilman D. The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principles. Ecology 1999;80(5):1455-74. (Pubitemid 29355287)
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , Issue.5 , pp. 1455-1474
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 64
    • 0030304340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biodiversity and plant productivity in a model assemblage of plant species
    • Naeem S, Hakansson K, Lawton JH, Crawley MJ, Thompson LJ. Biodiversity and plant productivity in a model assemblage of plant species. Oikos 1996;76(2):259-64.
    • (1996) Oikos , vol.76 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-264
    • Naeem, S.1    Hakansson, K.2    Lawton, J.H.3    Crawley, M.J.4    Thompson, L.J.5
  • 66
    • 0842297310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change
    • DOI 10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.01.032, PII S0016706104000266
    • Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma 2004;123(1-2):1-22. (Pubitemid 39351354)
    • (2004) Geoderma , vol.123 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-22
    • Lal, R.1
  • 67
    • 71549129549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: A meta-analysis of N-15 field experiments
    • Gardner JB, Drinkwater LE. The fate of nitrogen in grain cropping systems: a meta-analysis of N-15 field experiments. Ecological Applications 2009;19(8):2167-84.
    • (2009) Ecological Applications , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 2167-2184
    • Gardner, J.B.1    Drinkwater, L.E.2
  • 69
    • 33745864123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term trends in nitrous oxide emissions, soil nitrogen, and crop yields of till and no-till cropping systems
    • DOI 10.2134/jeq2005.0166
    • Grandy AS, Loecke TD, Parr S, Robertson GP. Long-term trends in nitrous oxide emissions, soil nitrogen, and crop yields of till and no-till cropping systems. Journal of Environmental Quality 2006;35(4):1487-95. (Pubitemid 44125842)
    • (2006) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.35 , Issue.4 , pp. 1487-1495
    • Grandy, A.S.1    Loecke, T.D.2    Parr, S.3    Robertson, G.P.4
  • 70
    • 2942636040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1097396
    • Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science 2004;304(5677):1623-7. (Pubitemid 38765845)
    • (2004) Science , vol.304 , Issue.5677 , pp. 1623-1627
    • Lal, R.1
  • 71
    • 0034665720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere
    • Robertson GP, Paul EA, Harwood RR. Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: contributions of individual gases to the radiative forcing of the atmosphere. Science 2000;289(5486):1922-5.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , Issue.5486 , pp. 1922-1925
    • Robertson, G.P.1    Paul, E.A.2    Harwood, R.R.3
  • 72
    • 3342990925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon sequestration: An underexploited environmental benefit of agroforestry systems
    • DOI 10.1023/B:AGFO.0000029005.92691.79
    • Montagnini F, Nair PKR. Carbon sequestration: an underexploited environmental benefit of agroforestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 2004;61-62(1):281-95. (Pubitemid 38983048)
    • (2004) Agroforestry Systems , vol.61-62 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 281-295
    • Montagnini, F.1    Nair, P.K.R.2
  • 74
    • 0032921160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential for novel food products from agroforestry trees: A review
    • DOI 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00072-7, PII S0308814698000727
    • Leakey RRB. Potential for novel food products from agroforestry trees: a review. Food Chemistry 1999;66(1):1-14. (Pubitemid 29187316)
    • (1999) Food Chemistry , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-14
    • Leakey, R.R.B.1
  • 75
    • 0033938109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tithonia diversifolia as a green manure for soil fertility improvement in western Kenya: A review
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1006339025728
    • Jama B, Palm CA, Buresh RJ, Niang A, Gachengo C, Nziguheba G, et al. Tithonia diversifolia as a green manure for soil fertility improvement in western Kenya: a review. Agroforestry Systems 2000;49(2):201-21. (Pubitemid 30448308)
    • (2000) Agroforestry Systems , vol.49 , Issue.2 , pp. 201-221
    • Jama, B.1    Palm, C.A.2    Buresh, R.J.3    Niang, A.4    Gachengo, C.5    Nziguheba, G.6    Amadalo, B.7
  • 76
    • 18144377452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of agroforestry for carbon sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from soils in the tropics
    • DOI 10.1007/s10705-004-5285-6
    • Mutuo PK, Cadisch G, Albrecht A, Palm CA, Verchot L. Potential of agroforestry for carbon sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions from soils in the tropics. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 2005;71(1):43-54. (Pubitemid 40607449)
    • (2005) Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-54
    • Mutuo, P.K.1    Cadisch, G.2    Albrecht, A.3    Palm, C.A.4    Verchot, L.5
  • 77
    • 72049086953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon sequestration through agroforestry in indigenous communities of Chiapas, Mexico
    • Soto-Pinto L, Anzueto M, Mendoza J, Ferrer G, de Jong B. Carbon sequestration through agroforestry in indigenous communities of Chiapas, Mexico. Agroforestry Systems 2010;78(1):39-51.
    • (2010) Agroforestry Systems , vol.78 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-51
    • Soto-Pinto, L.1    Anzueto, M.2    Mendoza, J.3    Ferrer, G.4    De Jong, B.5
  • 80
    • 0842330600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy use and CO2 production in tropical agriculture and means and strategies for reduction or mitigation
    • Vlek PLG, Rodríguez-Kuhl G, Sommer R. Energy use and CO2 production in tropical agriculture and means and strategies for reduction or mitigation. Environment, Development and Sustainability 2004;6(1-2):1-2.
    • (2004) Environment, Development and Sustainability , vol.6 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 1-2
    • Vlek, P.L.G.1    Rodríguez-Kuhl, G.2    Sommer, R.3
  • 81
    • 31944452297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Greenhouse gas emissions from conventional, agri-environmental scheme, and organic irish suckler-beef units
    • DOI 10.2134/jeq2005.0121
    • Casey JW, Holden NM. Greenhouse gas emissions from conventional, agri-environmental scheme, and organic Irish suckler-beef units. Journal of Environmental Quality 2006;35(1):231-9. (Pubitemid 43186034)
    • (2006) Journal of Environmental Quality , vol.35 , Issue.1 , pp. 231-239
    • Casey, J.W.1    Holden, N.M.2
  • 82
    • 77956831621 scopus 로고
    • Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem
    • Haynes RJ, Williams PH. Nutrient cycling and soil fertility in the grazed pasture ecosystem. Advances in Agronomy 1993;49:119-99.
    • (1993) Advances in Agronomy , vol.49 , pp. 119-199
    • Haynes, R.J.1    Williams, P.H.2
  • 85
    • 0033845701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of grassland management systems for beef cattle using self-contained farmlets: Effects of contrasting nitrogen inputs and management strategies on nitrogen budgets, and herbage and animal production
    • DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00150-X, PII S016788090000150X
    • Laws J, Pain B, Jarvis S, Scholefield D. Comparison of grassland management systems for beef cattle using self-contained farmlets: effect of contrasting nitrogen inputs and management strategies in nitrogen budgets, and herbage and animal production. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 2000;80:243-54. (Pubitemid 30647519)
    • (2000) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-254
    • Laws, J.A.1    Pain, B.F.2    Jarvis, S.C.3    Scholefield, D.4
  • 87
    • 80052463032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A preliminary assessment of carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural soils
    • 22-24 February 2000, Medicine Hat, Alberta
    • Sauve JL, Goddard TW, Cannon KR. A preliminary assessment of carbon dioxide emissions from agricultural soils. In Annual Alberta Soil Science Workshop, 22-24 February 2000, Medicine Hat, Alberta; 2000. p. 6.
    • (2000) Annual Alberta Soil Science Workshop , pp. 6
    • Sauve, J.L.1    Goddard, T.W.2    Cannon, K.R.3
  • 88
    • 0028159654 scopus 로고
    • Carbon storage by introduced deep-rooted grasses in the South American savannas
    • DOI 10.1038/371236a0
    • Fisher MJ, Rao IM, Ayarza MA, Lascano CE, Sanz JI, Thomas RJ, et al. Carbon storage by introduced deep-rooted grasses in the South-American savannas. Nature 1994;371(6494):236-8. (Pubitemid 24293810)
    • (1994) Nature , vol.371 , Issue.6494 , pp. 236-238
    • Fisher, M.J.1    Rao, I.M.2    Ayarza, M.A.3    Lascano, C.E.4    Sanz, J.I.5    Thomas, R.J.6    Vera, R.R.7
  • 90
    • 0028578837 scopus 로고
    • Integrated land-use systems - Assessment of promising agroforest and alternative land-use practices to enhance carbon conservation and sequestration
    • Dixon RK, Winjum JK, Andrasko KJ, Lee JJ, Schroeder PE. Integrated land-use systems - assessment of promising agroforest and alternative land-use practices to enhance carbon conservation and sequestration. Climatic Change 1994;27(1):71-92.
    • (1994) Climatic Change , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-92
    • Dixon, R.K.1    Winjum, J.K.2    Andrasko, K.J.3    Lee, J.J.4    Schroeder, P.E.5
  • 92
    • 33846833653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projecting land use changes in the Neotropics: The geography of pasture expansion into forest
    • DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.03.007, PII S095937800600029X
    • Wassenaar T, Gerber P, Verburg PH, Rosales M, Ibrahim M, Steinfeld H. Projecting land use changes in the Neotropics: the geography of pasture expansion into forest. Global Environmental Change: Human and Policy Dimensions 2007;17(1):86-104. (Pubitemid 46217231)
    • (2007) Global Environmental Change , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-104
    • Wassenaar, T.1    Gerber, P.2    Verburg, P.H.3    Rosales, M.4    Ibrahim, M.5    Steinfeld, H.6
  • 93
    • 33745566619 scopus 로고
    • Changes in the soil after clearing tropical forest
    • Nye PH, Greenland DJ. Changes in the soil after clearing tropical forest. Plant and Soil 1964;21(1):101-12.
    • (1964) Plant and Soil , vol.21 , Issue.1 , pp. 101-112
    • Nye, P.H.1    Greenland, D.J.2
  • 94
    • 0027335405 scopus 로고
    • The global carbon-dioxide budget
    • Sundquist ET. The global carbon-dioxide budget. Science 1993;259(5097):934-41.
    • (1993) Science , vol.259 , Issue.5097 , pp. 934-941
    • Sundquist, E.T.1
  • 97
    • 0036124561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon storage and nitrogen cycling in silvopastoral systems on a sodic soil in northwestern India
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1014269221934
    • Kaur B, Gupta S, Singh G. Carbon storage and nitrogen cycling in silvopastoral systems on a sodic in northwestern India. Agroforestry Systems 2002;54(1):21-9. (Pubitemid 34227875)
    • (2002) Agroforestry Systems , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-29
    • Kaur, B.1    Gupta, S.R.2    Singh, G.3
  • 98
    • 62749155301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local food, food miles and carbon emissions: A comparison of farm shop and mass distribution approaches
    • Coley D, Howard M, Winter M. Local food, food miles and carbon emissions: a comparison of farm shop and mass distribution approaches. Food Policy 2009;34(2):150-5.
    • (2009) Food Policy , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 150-155
    • Coley, D.1    Howard, M.2    Winter, M.3
  • 99
    • 0037417464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the sustainability of the US food system: A life cycle perspective
    • DOI 10.1016/S0308-521X(02)00027-6, PII S0308521X02000276
    • Heller MC, Keoleian GA. Assessing the sustainability of the US food system: a life cycle perspective. Agricultural Systems 2003;76(3):1007-41. (Pubitemid 36400083)
    • (2003) Agricultural Systems , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 1007-1041
    • Heller, M.C.1    Keoleian, G.A.2
  • 100
    • 84974513252 scopus 로고
    • Comparative local economic benefits of conventional and alternative cropping systems
    • Lockeretz W. Comparative local economic benefits of conventional and alternative cropping systems. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 1989;4(02):75-83.
    • (1989) American Journal of Alternative Agriculture , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 75-83
    • Lockeretz, W.1
  • 101
    • 0035458231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale of agricultural production, civic engagement, and community welfare
    • Lyson TA, Torres RJ, Welsh R. Scale of agricultural production, civic engagement, and community welfare. Social Forces 2001;80(1):311-27. (Pubitemid 33401064)
    • (2001) Social Forces , vol.80 , Issue.1 , pp. 311-327
    • Lyson, T.A.1    Torres, R.J.2    Welsh, R.3
  • 103
    • 57749086731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments in national policies for food and nutrition security in Brazil
    • Rocha C. Developments in national policies for food and nutrition security in Brazil. Development Policy Review 2009;27(1):51-66.
    • (2009) Development Policy Review , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-66
    • Rocha, C.1
  • 107
    • 33750409415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban food security policy: The case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil
    • Rocha C. Urban food security policy: the case of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Journal for the Study of Food and Society 2001;5:36-47.
    • (2001) Journal for the Study of Food and Society , vol.5 , pp. 36-47
    • Rocha, C.1
  • 112
    • 79451474100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food security and biodiversity: Can we have both? An agroecological analysis
    • Chappell MJ, LaValle LA. Food security and biodiversity: can we have both? An agroecological analysis. Agriculture and Human Values 2011;28(1):3-26.
    • (2011) Agriculture and Human Values , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-26
    • Chappell, M.J.1    LaValle, L.A.2
  • 114
    • 77950528511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The agricultural matrix as an alternative to the land-sparing/ agricultural intensification model: Facing the food and biodiversity crises
    • Perfecto I, Vandermeer JH. The agricultural matrix as an alternative to the land-sparing/agricultural intensification model: facing the food and biodiversity crises. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2011;107:5786-91.
    • (2011) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America , vol.107 , pp. 5786-5791
    • Perfecto, I.1    Vandermeer, J.H.2
  • 117
    • 20044390272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00702.x
    • Klink CA, Machado RB. Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conservation Biology 2005;19(3):707-13. (Pubitemid 40764535)
    • (2005) Conservation Biology , vol.19 , Issue.3 , pp. 707-713
    • Klink, C.A.1    Machado, R.B.2
  • 119
    • 40049092327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt
    • DOI 10.1126/science.1152747
    • Fargione J, Hill J, Tilman D, Polasky S, Hawthorne P. Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt. Science 2008;319(5867):1235-8. (Pubitemid 351323017)
    • (2008) Science , vol.319 , Issue.5867 , pp. 1235-1238
    • Fargione, J.1    Hill, J.2    Tilman, D.3    Polasky, S.4    Hawthorne, P.5
  • 121
    • 0033934331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global warming and tropical land-use change: Greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, decomposition and soils in forest conversion, shifting cultivation and secondary vegetation
    • Fearnside PM. Global warming and tropical land-use change: greenhouse gas emissions from biomass burning, decomposition and soils in forest conversion, shifting cultivation and secondary vegetation. Climatic Change 2000;46(1-2):115-58. (Pubitemid 30427504)
    • (2000) Climatic Change , vol.46 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 115-158
    • Fearnside, P.M.1
  • 122
    • 0035011539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil
    • DOI 10.1017/S0376892901000030
    • Fearnside PM. Soybean cultivation as a threat to the environment in Brazil. Environmental Conservation 2001;28(1):23-38. (Pubitemid 32422559)
    • (2001) Environmental Conservation , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 23-38
    • Fearnside, P.M.1
  • 127
    • 78650416859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic agriculture and food security in Africa
    • UNEP-UNCTAD, In:, United Nations Publications, New York
    • UNEP-UNCTAD. Organic agriculture and food security in Africa. In: UNEP-UNCTAD Capacity-Building Task Force on Trade Environment and Development. United Nations Publications, New York; 2008. p. 61.
    • (2008) UNEP-UNCTAD Capacity-Building Task Force on Trade Environment and Development , pp. 61
  • 130
    • 0000704183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On price risk and the inverse farm size-productivity relationship
    • DOI 10.1016/S0304-3878(96)00412-9, PII S0304387896004129
    • Barrett CB. On price risk and the inverse farm size-productivity relationship. Journal of Development Economics 1996;51(2):193-215. (Pubitemid 126384064)
    • (1996) Journal of Development Economics , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-215
    • Barrett, C.B.1
  • 132
    • 0021622469 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity: An empirical analysis of peasant agricultural production
    • Carter MR. Identification of the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity: an empirical analysis of peasant agricultural production. Oxford Economic Papers 1984;36:131-45.
    • (1984) Oxford Economic Papers , vol.36 , pp. 131-145
    • Carter, M.R.1
  • 133
    • 30244432949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can unobserved heterogeneity in farmer ability explain the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity
    • DOI 10.1016/S0165-1765(03)00091-0, PII S0165176503000910
    • Assunção JJ, Ghatak M. Can observed heterogeneity in farm ability explain the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity? Economic Letters 2003;80(2):189-94. (Pubitemid 36814351)
    • (2003) Economics Letters , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 189-194
    • Assuncao, J.J.1    Ghatak, M.2
  • 135
    • 0002014876 scopus 로고
    • Reconstructing agriculture: The case for local knowledge
    • Flora CB. Reconstructing agriculture: the case for local knowledge. Rural Sociology 1992;57(1):92-7.
    • (1992) Rural Sociology , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-97
    • Flora, C.B.1
  • 136
    • 0034089832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organic vs. conventional agriculture: Knowledge, power and innovation in the food chain
    • DOI 10.1016/S0016-7185(99)00029-9, PII S0016718599000299, Capitalising on knowledge
    • Morgan K, Murdoch J. Organic vs. conventional agriculture: knowledge, power and innovation in the food chain. Geoforum 2000;31(2):159-73. (Pubitemid 30228887)
    • (2000) Geoforum , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-173
    • Morgan, K.1    Murdoch, J.2
  • 141
    • 79952547689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resilience in agriculture through crop diversification: Adaptive management for environmental change
    • Lin BB. Resilience in agriculture through crop diversification: adaptive management for environmental change. BioScience 2011;61(3):183-93.
    • (2011) BioScience , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-193
    • Lin, B.B.1
  • 143
    • 67349180602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How agricultural research systems shape a technological regime that develops genetic engineering but locks out agroecological innovations
    • Vanloqueren G, Baret PV. How agricultural research systems shape a technological regime that develops genetic engineering but locks out agroecological innovations. Research Policy 2009;38(6):971-83.
    • (2009) Research Policy , vol.38 , Issue.6 , pp. 971-983
    • Vanloqueren, G.1    Baret, P.V.2
  • 144
    • 84858865673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New sources of germplasm: Lines, transgenes, and breeders
    • Martinez RJM, Rincon SF, Martinez GG, editor, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
    • Goodman MM. New sources of germplasm: lines, transgenes, and breeders. In: Martinez RJM, Rincon SF, Martinez GG, editor. Memoria Congresso Nacional de Fitogenetica. Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico; 2002. pp. 28-41.
    • (2002) Memoria Congresso Nacional de Fitogenetica , pp. 28-41
    • Goodman, M.M.1
  • 146
    • 0032865168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems
    • DOI 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00028-6, PII S0167880999000286
    • Altieri MA. The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 1999;74(1-3):19-31. (Pubitemid 29384411)
    • (1999) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.74 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 19-31
    • Altieri, M.A.1
  • 147
    • 0036851624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R & D appropriability and planned obsolescence: Empirical evidence from wheat breeding in the UK (1960-1995)
    • Rangnekar D. R&D appropriability and planned obsolescence: empirical evidence from wheat breeding in the UK (1960-1995). Industrial and Corporate Change 2002;11(5):1011-29. (Pubitemid 35369071)
    • (2002) Industrial and Corporate Change , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 1011-1029
    • Rangnekar, D.1
  • 150
    • 80052471095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Environment Programme and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, New York and Geneva
    • Hine RE, Pretty JN, Twarog S. Organic Agriculture and Food Security in Africa. United Nations Environment Programme and United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, New York and Geneva; 2008.
    • (2008) Organic Agriculture and Food Security in Africa
    • Hine, R.E.1    Pretty, J.N.2    Twarog, S.3
  • 154
    • 34447262375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the economic impacts of agricultural carbon sequestration: Terraces and agroforestry in the Peruvian Andes
    • DOI 10.1016/j.agee.2007.02.003, PII S0167880907000825
    • Antle JM, Stoorvogel JJ, Valdivia RO. Assessing the economic impacts of agricultural carbon sequestration: Terraces and agroforestry in the Peruvian Andes. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 2007;122(4):435-45. (Pubitemid 47042921)
    • (2007) Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment , vol.122 , Issue.4 , pp. 435-445
    • Antle, J.M.1    Stoorvogel, J.J.2    Valdivia, R.O.3
  • 155
    • 41649115384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generating carbon finance through avoided deforestation and its potential to create climatic, conservation and human development benefits
    • DOI 10.1098/rstb.2007.0029, PII KQ13503333TQVK62
    • Ebeling J, Yasue M. Generating carbon finance through avoided deforestation and its potential to create climatic, conservation and human development benefits. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences 2008;363(1498):1917-24. (Pubitemid 351482532)
    • (2008) Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol.363 , Issue.1498 , pp. 1917-1924
    • Ebeling, J.1    Yasue, M.2
  • 156
    • 34248350327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-scale forest carbon projects: Adapting CDM to low-income communities
    • DOI 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.10.001, PII S0959378006000811
    • Boyd E, Gutierrez M, Chang M. Small-scale forest carbon projects: adapting CDM to low-income communities. Global Environmental Change 2007;17:250-9. (Pubitemid 46729651)
    • (2007) Global Environmental Change , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 250-259
    • Boyd, E.1    Gutierrez, M.2    Chang, M.3
  • 158
    • 0009961330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Rainforest Movement, World Rainforest Movement, Montevideo
    • World Rainforest Movement. Tree Plantations: Impacts and Struggles. World Rainforest Movement, Montevideo; 1999.
    • (1999) Tree Plantations: Impacts and Struggles
  • 159
    • 29144450952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing carbon transaction costs in community-based forest management
    • Skutsch M. Reducing carbon transaction costs in community based forestry management. Climate Policy 2005;5:433-43. (Pubitemid 41800527)
    • (2005) Climate Policy , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 433-443
    • Skutsch, M.M.1
  • 161
    • 0242624826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capturing the value of forest carbon for local livelihoods
    • DOI 10.1016/j.worlddev.2003.06.011
    • Smith J, Scherr S. Capturing the value of forest carbon for local livelihoods. World Development 2003;12:2143-60. (Pubitemid 37425295)
    • (2003) World Development , vol.31 , Issue.12 , pp. 2143-2160
    • Smith, J.1    Scherr, S.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.