Diamonds in the rubble: The women of Haiti

Journal of Economic Issues

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 527-558

  Padgett, Andrew ^a   Warnecke, Tonia ^a  

^a ROLLINS COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

crisis; economic development; gender; Haiti; human development

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052464387     PISSN: 00213624     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2753/JEI0021-3624450301     Document Type: Article

References (111)

1. Advincula, Tony. "Haitian Women Demand Role in Rebuilding Their Country." New America Media, April 8, 2010. Available at http://newamericamedia.org/2010/04/haitian-women-demand-role-inrebuilding-their- country.php. Accessed August 27, 2010.
2. Airhart, Marc. "Rapid Response: Geoscientists and Engineers Help Haiti Prepare for the Next Big Earthquake." 2010. Available at www.utexas.edu/features/2010/07/26/haiti-earthquake/. Accessed August 2, 2010.
3. Altman, Daniel. "Asia's Delicate Balancing Act." Development Asia 2 (2008). Asian Development Bank. Available at www.development.asia/ issue02/cover-04.asp. Accessed June 9, 2011.
4. Amnesty International. "Amnesty International Report 2009: Haiti." Amnesty International, 2009. Available at http://report2009. amnesty.org/en/regions/americas/haiti. Accessed July 15, 2010.
5. Antonopoulos, Rania. "The Current Economic and Financial Crisis: A Gender Perspective." Working Paper no. 562. Annandale-on-Hudson: Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 2009.
6. Aslanbeigui, Nahid and Gale Summerfield. "The Asian Crisis, Gender, and the International Financial Architecture." Feminist Economics 6, 3(2000):81-103.
7. Associated Press. "Haitian Women Targeted by Sexual Predators, Thieves After the Quake." Japan Today, February 7, 2010. Available at www.japantoday.com/category/world/view/haitian-women-targetedby-sexual- predators-thieves-after-quake. Accessed August 27, 2010.
8. BBC News. "Rape Looms Large over Haiti Slums." November 27, 2008. Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/ukfs-news/hi/newsid-7750000/newsid- 7750500/7750568.stm. Accessed July 15, 2010.
9. Beaman, Lori, Esther Duflo, Rohini Pande and Petia Topalova. "Women Politicians, Gender Bias, and Policymaking in Rural India." State of the World's Children Background Paper. New York: UNICEF, 2006.
10. Bergheim, Stefan. "Current Issues: Global Growth Centres - Human Capital is the Key to Growth." Frankfurt: Deutsch Bank Research, 2005.
11. Blanchard, Alain and Tonia Warnecke. "Shaping Economic Practices in China's Post-Command Economy Period: The Interaction of Politics, Economics, and Institutional Constraints." In ternational Journal of Pluralism and Economic Education 1, 4(2010):290-302.
12. Carroll, Rory. "We are Going to Disappear One Day." The Guardian, November 8, 2008. Available at www.guardian. co.uk/world/2008/nov/08/ haiti-hurricanes. Accessed July 9, 2010.
13. Cave, Damien. "Rubble of a Broken City Strains Haitians' Patience." New York Times, May 29, 2010. Available at www.nytimes.com/2010/ 05/30/world/americas/30haiti.html?-r=1andref=damien-cave. Accessed June 6, 2010.
14. Chen, Martha Alter, Nidhi Mirani and Mita Parikh. "Self-Employed Women: A Profile of SEWA's Membership. " Ahmedabad, India: SEWA, 2006.
15. Collier, Paul. "How to Fix Haiti's Fixers." Foreign Policy, February 18, 2010. Available at www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/18/how- to-fix-haitis-fixers. Accessed July 12, 2010.
16. Dam, Kenneth. "Institutions, History, and Economic Development." John M. Olin Law and Economics Working Paper no. 271. Chicago: University of Chicago Law School, 2006.
17. De Ruyter, Alex, Ajit Singh, Tonia Warnecke and Ann Zammit. "Labor Standards, Gender and Decent Work in Newly Industrialized Countries: Promoting the Good Society." In Alternative Perspectives of a Good Society, edited by John Marangos. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, forthcoming.
18. Devereux, Stephen. "Innovations in the Design and Delivery of Social Transfers: Lessons Learned from Malawi." Sussex: Concern Worldwide and Institute of Development Studies, 2008.
19. Drummer, Desmond Alexander and Maureen Taft-Morales. "Haiti's Development Needs and a Statistical Overview of Conditions of Poverty." May 30, 2007. Available at http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf-docs/PCAAB593.pdf. Accessed July 4, 2010.
20. Dugan, Ianthe Jeanne. "Quake has Haiti Relying on Agricultural Roots." Wall Street Journal, February 23, 2010. Available at http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014240527487034944045750817440584 79892.html. Accessed August 10, 2010.
21. Dupuy, Alex. "Beyond the Earthquake: a Wake-up Call for Haiti." Brooklyn: Social Science Research Council, 2010. Available at www.ssrc.org/features/pages/haiti-now-and-next/1338/1339/. Accessed July 9, 2010.
22. Dunkel, Greg. "On Eve of 200th Anniversary of Haitian Independence: A History of U. S. Embargoes." Haiti Progres 12, 31(2003):15-21. Available at www.hartford-hwp. com/archives/43a/383.html. Accessed July 8, 2010.
23. Economy Watch. "Haiti Economic Statistics and Indicators." July 2010. Available at www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/country/Haiti/. Accessed July 14, 2010.
24. Enarson, Elaine. "Gender and Natural Disasters." In focus Programme on Crisis Response and Reconstruction, Working Paper 1. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2000.
25. Fakuda-Parr, Sakiko. "What Does Feminization of Poverty Mean? It Isn't Just Lack of Income." Feminist Economics 5, 2(1999):99-103.
26. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). "Haiti Earthquake." Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available at www.fao.org/fileadmin/user-upload/newsroom/docs/FAO-Haiti-fact-sheet-12-Feb- 2010.pdf. Accessed July 8, 2010.
27. Floro, Maria S. "Economic Restructuring, Gender and the Allocation of Time." World Development 23, 11(1995):1913-1929.
28. Francois, Joseph and Miriam Manchin. "Institutional Quality, Infrastructure, and the Propensity to Export." Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006.
29. Frank, Andrew Gunder. "Human Capital and Economic Growth." Economic Development and Cultural Change 8, 2(1960):170-173.
30. Frankenberg, Elizabeth, Duncan Thomas and Kathleen Beegle. "The Real Cost of Indonesia's Financial Crisis: Preliminary Findings from the Indonesia Family Life Surveys." Policy Brief. Labor and Population Working Paper Series 99-04, RAND, 1999.
31. Gardella, Alexis. "Gender Assessment USAID/Haiti." Washington, DC: United States Agency for International Development, 2006.
32. Gautham, S. "Katta Panchayats Denying Relief to Women. " In dia Together, April 27, 2007. Available at www.indiatogether.org/2007/apr/soc- kattarule.htmontinue. Accessed July 23, 2010.
33. Gill, A. A. "Haiti Hell Continues Months After Earthquake." The Sunday Times, April 25, 2010. Available at www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/ world/us-and-americas/article7105524.ece? token=nullandoffset=0andpage=1. Accessed August 27, 2010.
34. Goodkind, Mike. "Expect No Miracles." Stanford Medicine Magazine 19, 2 (2002). Available at http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2002summer/ expect-no-miracles.html. Accessed June 9, 2011.
35. Government Accountability Office. "Foreign Assistance: USAID Has Begun Tsunami Reconstruction in Indonesia and Sri Lanka, but Key Projects may Exceed Initial Cost and Schedule Estimates." April Report to Congressional Committees, GAO-06-488. Washington, DC: GAO, 2006.
36. Government of Haiti. "Haiti Earthquake PDNA: Assessment of Damage, Losses, General and Sectoral Needs." March 2010. Available at http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAC/Resources/PDNA-Haiti-2010-Working- Document-EN.pdf. Accessed June 7, 2010.
37. Granovetter, Mark. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology 91, 3(1985):481-510.
38. Guardian, The. "Haiti Earthquake Aid Pledged by Country." 2010. Available at www.guardian. co.uk/news/datablog/2010/jan/14/haiti-quake-aid- pledges-country-donations. Accessed August 3, 2010.
39. Haigh, Christine and Bernadette Valley. Gender and the Climate Change Agenda. London: Women's Environmental Network, 2010.
40. Harmeling, Sven. "Global Climate Risk Index 2010: Who is Most Vulnerable? Weather-Related Loss Events Since 1990 and How Copenhagen Needs to Respond." Briefing Paper. Berlin: Germanwatch, 2009.
41. Harper, Elizabeth. "Haiti in Turmoil." March 11, 2004. Available at www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/latin-america/haiti/history.html. Accessed June 7, 2010.
42. Helwege, Ann and Melissa B. L. Birch. "Declining Poverty in Latin America? A Critical Analysis of New Estimates by International Institutions." GDAE Working Paper no. 07-02. Medford, MA: Global Development and Environmental Institute, Tufts University, 2007.
43. Heritage Foundation. "Haiti: Economic Freedom Index." 2010. Available at www.heritage.org/index/country/Haiti. Accessed August 2, 2010.
44. Hoenig, Thomas. "Entrepreneurship and Growth." Kansas City: Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 2005. Available at www.kansascityfed.org/ SpeechBio/Entrepreneurship-Cerner-042805-final.pdf. Accessed July 9, 2010.
45. Holmes, Rebecca, Nicola Jones and Hannah Marsden. "Gender Vulnerabilities, Food Price Shocks and Social Protection Responses." ODI Background Note, August. London: Overseas Development Institute, 2009.
46. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). "The Key to Food Security: Looking Into the Household." Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2000.
47. International Labour Organization (ILO). KILM Database, 5th edition. Geneva: ILO, 2007.
48. Jafari, Jafar. "The Socio-Economic Costs of Tourism to Developing Countries." Annals of Tourism Research 1(1974):227-262.
49. Jean-Charles, Régine Michelle. "Cracks of Gender Inequality: After the Earthquake." Brooklyn: Social Science Research Council. February 2010. Available at www.ssrc.org/features/pages/haiti-now-andnext/1338/1428/. Accessed July 14, 2010.
50. Joshi, Niraj. "Haiti, the Financial Crisis and International Solidarity." February 25, 2009. Available at www.haitisolidarity.net/ article.php?id=295. Accessed June 20, 2010.
51. Kabeer, Naila and Simeen Mahmud. "Globalization, Gender and Poverty: Bangladeshi Women Workers in Export and Local Markets." Journal of International Development 16, 1(2004):93-109. (Pubitemid 38135789)
52. Klasen, Stephan. "Does Gender Inequality Reduce Growth and Development? Evidence from Cross-Country Regressions." Policy Research Report on Gender and Development, Working Paper Series, no. 7. Washington, DC: World Bank, 1999.
53. Klasen, Stephan and Francesca Lamanna. "The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education and Employment on Economic Growth: New Evidence for a Panel of Countries." Feminist Economics 15, 3(2009):91-132.
54. Lakhani, Nina. "Rape on the Rise in Haiti's Camps." The Independent, February 7, 2010. Available at www.independent.co.uk/news/world/ americas/rape-on-the-rise-in-haitis-camps-1891514.html. Accessed July 15, 2010.
55. Lendman, Stephen. "Gender-Based Violence in Haiti." Another World is Possible, August 17, 2010. Available at www.a-w-i-p. com/index.php/2010/08/17/gender-based-violence-in-haiti. Accessed August 27, 2010.
56. Magnoli, Alessandro. "Bridging the Gender Gap in Developing Regions." Working Paper Series I-16. Washington, DC: Inter-American Development Bank, 2000.
57. Maguire, Robert. "In the Aftermath of the Earthquake: Rebuilding to Rebalance Haiti." Brooklyn, New York: Social Science Research Council, 2010. Available at www.ssrc.org/features/pages/haiti-nowand-next/1338/1459/. Accessed July 9, 2010.
58. McGuigan, Claire. Agricultural Liberalization in Haiti. London: Christian Aid, 2006.
59. Migration Policy Institute. "Remittances Profile: Haiti." 2007. Available at www.migrationinformation.org/datahub/remittances/Haiti.pdf. Accessed September 5, 2010.
60. Mincer, Jacob. "Human Capital and Economic Growth." NBER Working Paper no. 803. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1981.
61. Morduch, Jonathan. "The Microfinance Promise." Journal of Economic Literature 37, 4(1999):1569-1614.
62. Neumayer, Eric and Thomas Plümper. "The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981-2002." Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97, 3(2007):551-566. (Pubitemid 47456439)
63. Pearl, Rebecca and Irene Dankelman. "Gender Aspects of Natural Disasters." Bridge Magazine, Issue 10, 2008. Available at www.bridge-mag.com/magazine/index.php? option=com-contentandtask=viewandid= 517andItemid=3. Accessed August 17, 2010.
64. Pedersen, Jon and Kathryn Lockwood. "Determination of a Poverty Line for Haiti." Oslo: Fafo Institute of Applied International Studies, 2001.
65. PEKKA (Women Headed Household Empowerment Program). Women Headed Household Empowerment: From a Development Project to a Movement against Poverty and Injustice. Jakarta: PEKKA, 2009.
66. Peterson, Janice. "The Feminization of Poverty." Journal of Economic Issues 21, 1(1987):329-337.
67. Polanyi, Karl. The Great Transformation. Boston: Beacon Press, 1944.
68. Romer, Paul. "Human Capital and Growth: Theory and Evidence." NBER Working Paper no. 3173. Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.
69. Seelke, Clare R. and J. F. Hornbeck. "Haiti: Legislative Responses to the Food Crisis and Related Development Challenges." CRS Report for Congress, no. RS22879. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2008.
70. Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA). "Making Our Lives Secure and Productive - SEWA Social Security." 2006. Available at www.sewa.org/images/Annual-Report/PDF/Making%20Our% 20Lives, %20Secure%20and%20Productive%20%E2%80%93.pdf. Accessed June 9, 2011.
71. -. Self Employed Women's Association (SEWA). "About Us: Introduction. " 2009. Available at www.sewa.org/About-Us.asp. Accessed September 6, 2010.
72. Sen, Amartya. Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
73. Shafaeddin, Mehdi. "How Did Developed Countries Industrialize?" December 1998. Available at www.unctad.org/en/docs/dp-139.en.pdf. Accessed August 5, 2010.
74. Shah, Anup. "Haiti." February 1, 2010. Available at www.globalissues.org/article/141/haiti#Devastating EarthquakeinJanuary2010. Accessed June 20, 2010.
75. Sheridan, Mary Beth. "Impoverished Haiti Slips Further as Remittances Dry Up. " Washington Post, April 17, 2009.
76. Simister, John. "The Importance of Being Earners: Why South African Women Need Well-Paid Jobs." Development Ideas and Practices Working Paper DIP-05-01, 2005. Available at www.development-ideasand-practices.org/ sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/dip-05-01-household-spending-s-africa.pdf. Accessed April 22, 2011.
77. Singh, Ajit and Ann Zammit. "International Capital Flows: Identifying the Gender Dimension. " World Development 28, 7(2000):1249-1268. (Pubitemid 30397997)
78. Sirianni, Carmen and Lewis Friedland. "Civic Innovation and American Democracy." Change 29, 1(1997):14-23.
79. Smucker, Glenn R. and Jamie Thompson. "Social Capital and Development in Haiti." Washington, DC: USAID, 1999.
80. Thibos, Megan, Danielle Lavin-Loucks and Marcus Martin. "The Feminization of Poverty." Dallas: The J. McDonald Williams Institute, 2007.
81. Tinker, Anne, Kathleen Finn and Joanne Epp. Improving Women's Health: Issues and Interventions. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000.
82. Tool, Marc R. "A Neoinstitutional Theory of Social Change in Veblen's 'The Theory of the Leisure Class'." In The Founding of Institutional Economics: The Leisure Class and Sovereignty, edited by Warren J. Samuels, pp. 302-319. New York: Routledge, 1998.
83. ul Haq, Habib. "The Human Development Paradigm." In The Economic Development Reader, edited by Georgio Secondi, pp. 28-33. New York: Routledge, 2008.
84. United Nations. Human Development Index, UN Statistical Division, 2007. Available at http://data.un.org. Accessed July 9, 2010.
85. -. Bird, Richard M. Millennium Development Goals Indicators, UN Statistical Division, 2010a. Available at http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mdg/Data. aspx. Accessed July 14, 2010.
86. -. Bird, Richard M. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010. New York: United Nations, 2010b. Available at www.un.org/millenniumgoals/pdf/ MDG%20Report%202010%20En%20r15%20-low%20res% 2020100615%20-.pdf. Accessed July 14, 2010.
87. -. Bird, Richard M. "Haiti." World Statistics Pocketbook, United Nations Statistical Division, 2010c. Available at http://data.un.org/ CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Haiti. Accessed July 14, 2010.
88. United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM). "At a Glance: Women of Haiti." New York: United Nations Development Fund for Women, 2010. Available at www.unifem.org/news-events/story-detail.php?StoryID=1146. Accessed July 27, 2010.
89. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). "Tracking the Millennium Development Goals: Browse by Goal." 2007. Available at www.mdgmonitor.org/browse-goal.cfm. Accessed July 10, 2010.
90. -. Bird, Richard M. Human Development Report 2009 - Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development. New York: United Nations Development Programme, 2009a.
91. -. Bird, Richard M. "Human Development Report 2009: Haiti." 2009b. Available at http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country-fact-sheets/ cty-fs-HTI.html. Accessed July 10, 2010.
92. -. Bird, Richard M. "Human Development Report 2009: Haiti." 2009c. Available at http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/data-sheets/cty-ds- HTI.html. Accessed July 14, 2010.
93. -. Bird, Richard M. "Origins of the Human Development Report." UNDP, 2009d. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/humandev/origins/. Accessed August 1, 2010.
94. -. Bird, Richard M. "Measuring Inequality: Gender-Related Development Index (GDI) and Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)." 2010. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/indices/gdi-gem/. Accessed July 27, 2010.
95. -. Bird, Richard M. "The Human Development Index." 2011. Available at http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/hdi/. Accessed July 27, 2011.
96. United Nations Integrated Regional Information Network (IRIN). "Haiti: Women Demand Role in Reconstruction. " April 1, 2010. Available at www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88662. Accessed August 27, 2010.
97. United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR). Gender Perspective: Working Together for Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva: United Nations, 2007.
98. United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). "Epidemiological Country Profile on HIV/AIDS", 2008a. Available at http://apps.who.it/ globalatlas/predefinedReports/EFS2008/short/EFSCountryProfiles2008-HT.pdf. Accessed July 10, 2010.
99. -. Bird, Richard M. "Haiti: Country Situation. " 2008b. Available at http://data.unaids.org/pub/FactSheet/2008/sa08-hai-en.pdf. Accessed July 14, 2010.
100. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD). Gender Equality: Striving for Justice in an Unequal World. Paris: UNRISD, 2005.
101. U. S. Department of State. "Background Note: Haiti." 2010. Available at www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1982.htm. Accessed July 10, 2010.
102. Vaux, Tony and Francie Lund. "Working Women and Security: Self Employed Women's Association's Response to Crisis." Journal of Human Development 4, 2(2003):265-287.
103. Verner, Dorte and Willy Egset. "Social Resilience and State Fragility in Haiti: A Country Social Analysis." Report No. 36069-HT. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006.
104. Verner, Dorte and Alessandra Heinemann. "Social Resilience and State Fragility in Haiti: Breaking the Conflict-Poverty Trap. " En breve (World Bank) 94(2006):1-4.
105. Virgo, Paul. "Food Crisis Looms." February 18, 2010. Available at http://ipsnews.net/news.asp? idnews=50379. Accessed July 16, 2010.
106. Warnecke, Tonia. "A Gender-Aware Approach to International Finance." In Ethics and the Market - Social Economic Contributions, edited by Betsy Jane Clary, Wilfred Dolfsma and Deborah Figart, pp. 175-190. New York: Routledge, 2006.
107. World Bank. World Development Indicators 2002. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002.
108. -. Bird, Richard M. World Development Indicators 2006. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006.
109. -. Bird, Richard M. Global Development Finance: Charting a Global Recovery. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and World Bank, 2009.
110. -. Bird, Richard M. World Development Indicators 2010. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2010.
111. World Bank, Food and Agriculture Organization, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. Gender in Agriculture Sourcebook. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2009.