Present and future of terahertz communications

IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology

Volumn 1, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 256-263

  Song, Ho Jin ^a   Nagatsuma, Tadao ^b  

^a NTT CORPORATION   (Japan)

^b OSAKA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Future wireless communications; terahertz communications; THz waves

Indexed keywords

10 GB/ S; CARRIER FREQUENCY; DATA RATES; FUTURE WIRELESS SYSTEMS; MOBILE TRAFFIC; MODULATION SCHEMES; TERAHERTZ COMMUNICATION; THZ COMMUNICATIONS; THZ-WAVES; ULTRA-FAST; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS; WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM;

FREQUENCY BANDS; MULTIMEDIA SERVICES; WIRELESS NETWORKS; WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS;

TERAHERTZ WAVES;

EID: 80052461183     PISSN: 2156342X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TTHZ.2011.2159552     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. J. S. Belrose, "Fessenden and marconi: Their differing technologies and transatlantic experiments during the first decade of this century," in Proc. Int. Conf. 100 Years of Radio, 1995, pp. 32-43.
2. "Report on the Efficient Use of Frequency Bands for Mobile Phones," Information and Communications Council, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.soumu.go.jp/main-sosiki/joho-tsusin/policyreports/ joho-tsusin/bunkakai/pdf/081211-1-si1-2.pdf
3. "Mobile Internet and Handsets in the US: A Comprehensive Assessment, With Forecasts to 2015," Coda Research Consultancy, Ltd., Guildford, Surrey, U.K., 2010.
4. S. Cherry, "Edholm's law of bandwidth," IEEE Spectrum, vol. 41, no. 7, pp. 58-60, 2004.
5. G. J. Foschini and M. J. Gans, "On limits of wireless communications in a fading environment when using multiple antennas," Wireless Pers. Commun., vol. 6, pp. 311-335, 1998. (Pubitemid 128513099)
6. A. J. Paulraj, D.A. Gore, R.U.Nabar, and H. Bolcskei, "An overview of MIMO communications-A key to gigabit wireless," Proc. IEEE, vol. 92, pp. 198-218, 2004.
7. J. Wells, "Faster than fiber: The future of multi-G/s wireless," IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 104-112, 2009.
8. G. R. Aiello and G. D. Rogerson, "Ultra-wideband wireless systems," IEEE Microw. Mag., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 36-47, 2003.
9. P. Smulders, "Exploiting the 60 GHz band for local wireless multimedia access: Prospects and future directions," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 140-147, 2002. (Pubitemid 34110004)
10. IEEE Standard for Information Technology-Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems-Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Specific Requirements. Part 15.3: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications for High Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Amendment 2: Millimeter-Wave-Based Alternative Physical Layer Extension, IEEE Standard 802.15.3c-2009, 2009.
11. WirelessHD Specification Overview, WirelessHD, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.wirelesshd.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/ WirelessHD-Specification- Overview-v1-0-4-Aug09.pdf
12. High Rate 60 GHz PHY, MAC and HDMI PALs, ECMA Standard ECMA-387, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.ecma-international. org/publications/files/ECMA- ST/ECMA-387.pdf
13. S. G. Wilson, M. Brandt-Pearce, C. Qianling, and J. H. Leveque, III, "Free-space optical MIMO transmission with Q-ary PPM," IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 53, no. 8, pp. 1402-1412, 2005. (Pubitemid 41269115)
14. N. Cvijetic, D. Qian, and T. Wang, "10 Gb/s free-space optical transmission using OFDM," presented at the OFC/NFOEC 2008, San Diego, CA, Feb. 24-28, 2008.
15. Giga-IR Homepage [Online]. Available: http://irda.org/displaycommon. cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=102
16. M. Koch, "Terahertz communications: A 2020 vision," in Terahertz Frequency Detection and Identification of Materials and Objects, R. Miles, Ed. et al. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2007, vol. 19, pp. 325-338.
17. R. Piesiewicz, T. Kleine-Ostmann, N. Krumbholz, D. Mittleman, M. Koch, J. Schoebel, and T. Kurner, "Short-range ultra-broadband terahertz communications: Concepts and perspectives," IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., vol. 49, no. 6, pp. 24-39, 2007. (Pubitemid 351410659)
18. J. Federici and L.Moeller, "Review of terahertz and subterahertz wireless communications," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 107, p. 111101, 2010.
19. T. Kürner, "Towards wireless 100 Gb/s beyond 300 GHz," [Online]. Available: https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15 doc.: IEEE 802.15/10/0847r1
20. T. Kleine-Ostmann and T. Nagatsuma, "A review on terahertz communications research," J. Infrared, Millim. Terahertz Waves, vol. 32, pp. 143-171, 2011.
21. J. Wiltse, "History of millimeter and submillimeter waves," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1118-1127, Sep. 1984.
22. M.K. Ketchen et al., "Generation of subpicosecond electrical pulses on coplanar transmission lines," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 48, pp. 751-753, 2009.
23. D. G. Grischkowsky et al., "Far-infrared time-domain spectroscopy with terahertz beams of dielectrics and semiconductors," J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B, vol. 7, pp. 2006-2015, 1990.
24. P. H. Siegel, "Terahertz technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 910-928, 2002. (Pubitemid 34255210)
25. M. Tonouchi, "Cutting-edge terahertz technology," Nat. Photon., vol. 1, pp. 97-105, 2007.
26. R. Lai, X. B. Mei, W. R. Deal, W. Yoshida, Y. M. Kim, P. H. Liu, J. Lee, J. Uyeda, V. Radisic, M. Lange, T. Gaier, L. Samoska, and A. Fung, "Sub 50 nm InP HEMT device with FMAX greater than 1 THz," in Proc. IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting, 2007, pp. 609-611.
27. max > THz," in Proc. IEEE Int. Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM), 2010, pp. 30.6.1-30.6.4.
28. E. Laskin, K. W. Tang, K. H. K. Yau, P. Chevalier, A. Chantre, B. Sautreuil, and S. P. Voinigescu, "170-GHz transceiver with on-chip antennas in SiGe technology," in Proc. Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp. (RFIC), 2008, pp. 637-640.
29. M. Seo, B. Jagannathan, C. Carta, J. Pekarik, L. Chen, C. P. Yue, and M. Rodwell, "A 1.1 V 150 GHz amplifier with 8 dB gain and +6 dBm saturated output power in standard digital 65 nm CMOS using dummyprefilled microstrip lines," in Proc. IEEE Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSC), 2009, pp. 484-485.
30. Specific Attenuation Model for Rain for Use in Prediction methods, ITU-R Recommendation P.838-3, 2005.
31. Attenuation by Atmospheric Gases, ITU-R Recommendation P.676-8, 2009.
32. P. Scott, "The am Atmospheric model, submillimeter array," Tech. Memo #152 [Online]. Available: https://www.cfa.harvard. edu/̃spaine/am/
33. A. Myles and R. de Vegt, "Wi-Fi (WFA) VHT Study Group Usage Models," IEEE 802.11-07/2988r4 [Online]. Available: https://mentor. ieee.org/802.11
34. D. Britz, "Evolution of extreme bandwidth personal and local area terahertz wireless networks," IEEE 802.15-10/162r0 [Online]. Available: https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15
35. M. Jacob, S. Priebe, T. Kurner, C. Jastrow, T. Kleine-Ostmann, and T. Schrader, "An overview of ongoing activities in the field of channel modeling, spectrum allocation and standardization for mm-Wave and THz indoor communications," in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, 2009.
36. R. Piesiewicz, T. Kleine-Ostmann, N. Krumbholz, D. Mittleman, M. Koch, and T. Kurner, "Terahertz characterisation of building materials," Electron. Lett., vol. 41, pp. 1002-1004, 2005. (Pubitemid 41365652)
37. R. Piesiewicz, C. Jansen, D. Mittleman, T. Kleine-Ostmann, M. Koch, and T. Kurner, "Scattering analysis for the modeling of THz communication systems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 3002-3009, 2007. (Pubitemid 350218434)
38. C. Jansen, R. Piesiewicz, D.Mittleman, T. Kurner, and M. Koch, "The impact of reflections from stratified building materials on the wave propagation in future indoor terahertz communication systems," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1413-1419, 2008. (Pubitemid 351767046)
39. S. Priebe,M. Jacob,C. Jastrow,T.Kleine-Ostmann, T Schrader, X. Ku, and T. Rner, "A comparison of indoor channel measurements and ray tracing simulations at 300 GHz," in Proc. Int. Conf. Infrared Millim. Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 2010.
40. W. R.Deal, X. B. Mei, K. Leong, V. Radisic, S. Sarkozy, B. Gorospe, J. Lee, P. H. Liu, W. Yoshida, J. Zhou, M. Lange, and R. Lai, "Terahertz monolithic integrated circuits using InP high electron mobility transistors," Trans. THz Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, Sep. 2011.
41. L. Samoska, "An overview of solid state integrated circuit amplifiers in the submillimeter-wave and terahertz regime," Trans. THz Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, Sep. 2011.
42. V. Radisic, D. Sawdai, D. Scott, W. R. Deal, L. Dang, D. Li, J. Chen, A. Fung, L. Samoska, T. Gaier, and R. Lai, "Demonstration of a 311-GHz fundamental oscillator using InP HBT technology," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 2329-2335, Nov. 2007.
43. I. Kallfass, H.Massler, A. Leuther, A. Tessmann, andM. Schlechtweg, "A 210 GHz dual-gate FET mixer MMIC with conversion gain, high LO-to-RF isolation, and low LO-drive requirements," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 557-559, 2008.
44. W. R.Deal, X. B. Mei, V. Radisic, K. Leong, S. Sarkozy, B. Gorospe, J. Lee, P. H. Liu, W. Yoshida, J. Zhou, M. Lange, J. Uyeda, and R. Lai, "Demonstration of a 0.48 THz amplifier module using InP HEMT transistors," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 289-291, 2010.
45. H. Takahashi, T. Kosugi, A. Hirata, K. Murata, and N. Kukutsu, "10- Gbit/s quadrature phase-shift-keying modulator and demodulator for 120-GHz-band wireless links," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 58, no. 12, pp. 4072-4078, 2010.
46. S. E. Gunnarsson, N. Wadefalk, J. Svedin, S. Cherednichenko, I. Angelov, H. Zirath, I. Kallfass, and A. Leuther, "A 220 GHz single-Chip receiver MMIC with integrated antenna," IEEE Microw. Wireless Compon. Lett., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 284-286, 2008. (Pubitemid 351479186)
47. M. Abbasi, S. E. Gunnarsson, N.Wadefalk, R. Kozhuharov, J. Svedin, S. Cherednichenko, I. Angelov, I. Kallfass, A. Leuther, and H. Zirath, "Single-chip 220-GHz active heterodyne receiver and transmitter MMICswith on-chip integrated antenna," IEEE Trans.Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 466-478, 2011.
48. V. Radisic, K. M. Leong, X. Mei, S. Sarkozy, W. Yoshida, P. Liu, J. Uyeda, R. Lai, and W. R. Deal, "A 50 mW 220 GHz power amplifier module," in Int. Microw. Symp. Dig. (IMS), 2010.
49. V. Radisic, W. R. Deal, K. M. K. H. Leong, X. Mei, W. Yoshida, P. H. Liu, J. Uyeda, A. Fung, L. Samoska, and T. Gaier, "A 10-mW submillimeter- wave solid-state power-amplifiermodule," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 58, no. 7, pp. 1903-1909, 2010.
50. S. Sankaran, M. Chuying, S. Eunyoung, S. Dongha, C. Changhua, H. Ruonan, D. J. Arenas, D. B. Tanner, S. Hill, H. Chih-Ming, and K. O. Kenneth, "Towards terahertz operation of CMOS," in Proc. Int. Solid- State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), 2009, pp. 202-203.
51. H. Daquan, T. R. LaRocca, M. C. F. Chang, L. Samoska, A. Fung, R. L. Campbell, and M. Andrews, "Terahertz CMOS frequency generator using linear superposition technique," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 43, no. 12, pp. 2730-2738, 2008.
52. E. Seok, C. Cao, D. Shim, D. Arenas, D. Tanner, C. Hung, and K. O. Kenneth, "A 410 GHz CMOS push-push oscillator with an on-chip patch antenna," in Proc. Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), 2008, pp. 472-473.
53. U. R. Pfeiffer, E. Ojefors, and Z. Yan, "A SiGe quadrature transmitter and receiver chipset for emerging high-frequency applications at 160 GHz," in Proc. Int. Solid-State Circuits Conf. (ISSCC), 2010, pp. 416-417.
54. M. Asada, S. Suzuki, and N. Kishimoto, "Resonant tunneling diodes for sub-terahertz and terahertz oscillators," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 47, pp. 4375-4384, 2008.
55. S. Suzuki, M. Asada, A. Teranishi, H. Sugiyama, and H. Yokoyama, "Fundamental oscillation of resonant tunneling diodes above 1 THz at room temperature," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 97, pp. 242102-3, 2010.
56. T. W. Crowe, "GaAs Schottky barrier mixer diodes for the frequency range 1-10 THz," Int. J. Infrared Millim., vol. 10, pp. 765-777, 1989.
57. T.W. Crowe, R.Mattauch, H. Roser, W. Bishop, W. Peatman, and X. Liu, "GaAs Schottky diodes for THz mixing applications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 80, no. 11, pp. 1827-1841, 2002.
58. S. Sankaran and K. O. Kenneth, "Schottky barrier diodes for millimeter wave detection in a foundry CMOS process," IEEE Electron Devices Lett., vol. 26, no. 7, pp. 492-494, Jul. 2005. (Pubitemid 41055312)
59. C. Mao, D. Shim, R. Han, S. Sankaran, E. Seok, Y. Zhang, and K. O. Kenneth, "Diodes in CMOS for millimeter and sub-millimeter wave circuits," in Proc. Int. Symp. VLSI Technol. Syst. Appl. (VLSI-TSA), 2010, pp. 23-24.
60. C. Y. Mao, C. S. Nallani, S. Sankaran, E. Seok, and K. O. Kenneth, "125-GHz diode frequency doubler in 0.13-mu m CMOS," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1531-1538, May 2009.
61. U.R. Pfeiffer, C. Mishra,R.M.Rassel, S. Pinkett, and S. K. Reynolds, "Schottky barrier diode circuits in silicon for future millimeter-wave and terahertz applications," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 364-371, 2008. (Pubitemid 351222506)
62. T. Nagatsuma, H. Ito, and T. Ishibashi, "High-power RF photodiodes and their applications," Laser Photon. Rev., vol. 3, pp. 123-137, Mar. 2009.
63. A. Wakatsuki, T. Furuta, Y. Muramoto, T. Yoshimatsu, and H. Ito, "High-power and broadband sub-terahertz wave generation using a J-band photomixer module with rectangular-waveguide output port," in Proc. Int. Conf. Infrared, Millim. Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz), 2008.
64. A. Hirata, T. Kosugi, N. Meisl, T. Shibata, and T. Nagatsuma, "Highdirectivity photonic emitter using 6 module integrated with HEMT amplifier for 10-Gbit/s wireless link," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1843-1850, Aug. 2004.
65. A. Hirata, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, R. Yamaguchi, F. Nakajima, T. Furuta, H. Ito, H. Sugahara, Y. Sato, and T. Nagatsuma, "120-GHz-band millimeter-wave photonic wireless link for 10-Gb/s data transmission," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 1937-1944, 2006.
66. A. Hirata, R. Yamaguchi, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, K. Murata, T. Nagatsuma, N. Kukutsu, Y. Kado, N. Iai, S. Okabe, S. Kimura, H. Ikegawa, H. Nishikawa, T. Nakayama, and T. Inada, "10-Gbit/s wireless link using InP HEMT MMICs for generating 120-GHz-band millimeter-wave signal," IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1102-1109, May 2009.
67. A. Hirata, T. Kosugi, H. Takahashi, J. Takeuchi, K. Murata, N. Kukutsu, Y. Kado, S. Okabe, T. Ikeda, F. Suginosita, K. Shogen, H. Nishikawa, A. Irino, T. Nakayama, and N. Sudo, "5.8-km 10-Gbps data transmission over a 120-GHz-band wireless link," in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Wireless Inf. Technol. Syst. (ICWITS), 2010, pp. 1-4.
68. A. Hirata, H. Takahashi, N. Kukutsu, Y. Kado, H. Ikegawa, H. Nishikawa, T. Nakayama, and T. Inada, "Transmission trial of television broadcast materials using 120-GHz-band wireless link," NTT Tech.Rev., vol. 7, 2009 [Online]. Available: https://www.ntt-review. jp/archive/2009/200903.html
69. J. Takeuchi, A. Hirata, H. Takahashi, and N. Kukutsu, "10-Gbit/s bi-directional and 20-Gbit/s uni-directional data transmission over a 120-GHz-Band wireless link using a finline ortho-mode transducer," in Proc. Asia-Pacific Microw. Conf., 2010.
70. H. J. Song, K. Ajito, A. Hirata, A. Wakatsuki, Y. Muramoto, T. Furuta, N. Kukutsu, T. Nagatsuma, and Y. Kado, "8 Gbit/s wireless data transmission at 250 GHz," Electron. Lett., vol. 45, pp. 1121-U32, Oct. 2009.
71. T. Nagatsuma, H. J. Song, Y. Fujimoto, K. Miyake, A. Hirata, K. Ajito, A. Wakatsuki, T. Furuta, N. Kukutsu, and Y. Kado, "Giga-bit wireless link using bands," in Proc. Int. Topical Meeting Microw. Photon. (MWP), 2009.
72. H.-J. Song, K. Ajito, A. Wakatsuki, Y. Muramoto, N. Kukutsu, Y. Kado, and T. Nagatsuma, "Terahertz wireless communication link at 300 GHz," in Proc. Int. Topical Meeting Microw. Photon. (MWP), 2010, pp. 42-45.
73. C. Jastrow, K. Munter, R. Piesiewicz, T. Kurner, M. Koch, and T. Kleine-Ostmann, "300 GHz transmission system," Electron. Lett., vol. 44, pp. 213-U15, Jan. 2008.
74. C. Jastrow, S. Priebe, B. Spitschan, J. Hartmann, M. Jacob, T. Kurner, T. Schrader, and T. Kleine-Ostmann, "Wireless digital data transmission at 300 GHz," Electron. Lett., vol. 46, pp. 661-U87, Apr. 2010.
75. "Sharing between the radio astronomy service and active services in the frequency range 275-3 000 GHz," ITU-R Rep. RA.2189, 2010.
76. Study group on THz ICT at Kinki Bureau of Telecommunications, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan [Online]. Available: http://www.soumu.go.jp/soutsu/kinki/studygroup/ 2010/THz/index.html