A systematic methodology for selecting decontamination strategies following a biocontamination event

Biosecurity and Bioterrorism

Volumn 9, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 262-270

  Krauter, Paula ^a   Edwards, Donna ^a   Yang, Lynn ^a   Tucker, Mark ^b  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTHRAX; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BIOLOGICAL ACCIDENT; BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; HEALTH; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; WASTE MANAGEMENT;

ANTHRAX; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; BIOHAZARD RELEASE; BIOTERRORISM; DECISION SUPPORT TECHNIQUES; DECONTAMINATION; ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION; HUMANS; RISK ASSESSMENT; URBAN HEALTH;

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS;

EID: 80052430408     PISSN: 15387135     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/bsp.2010.0071     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Thorneloe S, Lemieux P, Rodgers M, Christman R, Nickel K. A Decision Support Tool for the Management of Debris from Homeland Security Incidents. Paper presented at: Eleventh International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium; October 1-5, 2007; S. Margherita di Pula-Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. http://warrr.org/267/. Accessed June 20, 2011.
2. Lemieux P. EPA Safe Buildings Program: update on building decontamination waste disposal area. Paper presented at: AWMA Annual Meeting; June 20-24, 2004; Indianapolis, IN.
3. Lemieux P, Stewart E, Realff M, Mulholland JA. Emissions study of co-firing waste carpet in a rotary kiln. J Environ Manage 2004;70(1):27-33. (Pubitemid 38181143)
4. Lesperance AM, Upton JF, Stein SL, Toomey CM. Waste Disposal Workshops: Anthrax-Contaminated Waste. January 2010. PNNL-SA-69994. http://nwrtc.pnnl.gov/ PDFs/Waste Disposal201003.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2011.
5. Committee on Standards and Policies for Decontaminating Public Facilities Affected by Exposure to Harmful Biological Agents: How Clean is Safe? National Research Council. Reopening Public Facilities after a Biological Attack: A Decision Making Framework. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2005.
6. Department of Homeland Security. National Response Framework. January 2008. http://www.fema.gov/emergency/nrf/mainindex.htm. Accessed June 14, 2011.
7. National Security Council, The White House. National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats. November 2009. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/ default/files/National-Strategy-for-Countering-BioThreats.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
8. White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, U. S. Department of Homeland Security, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Planning Guidance for Recovery Following Biological Incidents. Fed Regist 2009;74(157):41431-41432.
9. National Science and Technology Council. Planning Guidance for Recovery Following Biological Incidents (2009 Draft). Biological Decontamination Standards Working Group. http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=EPA-HQ- ORD-2009-0331-0002. Accessed June 20, 2011.
10. Franco C, Bouri N. Environmental decontamination following a large-scale bioterrorism attack: federal progress and remaining gaps. Biosecur Bioterror 2010;8(2):107-117.
11. Krauter P, Edwards D, Yang L, Tucker M. Handbook for Analyzing Decontamination Technology Tradeoffs: A process for selecting decontamination or treatment strategies and materials for facilities and outdoor areas after a wide-area biological incident. July 2010. SAND #2010-4931P. http://prod.sandia. gov/sand-doc/2010/10493p.pdf
12. Rutala WA, Weber DJ; and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Guidelines for Disinfection and Sterilization in Healthcare Facilities, 2008. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://disinfection andsterilization.org/. Accessed June 14, 2011.
13. Cortezzo DE, Koziol-Dube K, Setlow B, Setlow P. Treatment with oxidizing agents damages the inner membrane of spores of Bacillus subtilis and sensitizes spores to subsequent stress. J Appl Microbiol 2004;97(4):838-852. (Pubitemid 39331590)
14. Dunowska M, Morley PS, Hyatt DR. The effect of Virkon-S fogging on survival of Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus on surfaces in a veterinary teaching hospital. Vet Microbiol 2005;105:281-289. (Pubitemid 40228850)
15. Fawley WN, Underwood S, Freeman J, et al. Efficacy of hospital cleaning agents and germicides against epidemic Clostridium difficile strains. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28(8):920-925. (Pubitemid 47218270)
16. Wilcox MH, Fawley WN. Hospital disinfectants and spore formation by Clostridium difficile. Lancet 2000;356:1324.
17. Mancianti F, Nardoni S. Susceptibility of Microsporum canis isolated from domestic animals against a commercially available enilconazole in fumigant form. J Mycol Med 2004;14:73-74. (Pubitemid 38924017)
18. Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Consequence Management Operations. April 2008. www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-11-21.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2011.
19. Perez J, Springthorpe VS, Sattar SA. Activity of selected oxidizing microbicides against the spores of Clostridium difficile: relevance to environmental control. Am J Infect Control Aug. 2005;33(6):320-325. (Pubitemid 41074575)
20. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluating liquid and foam sporicidal spray decontamination. (EPA 600/R-06/066). March 2006. http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si-public-record-report.cfm?address=nhsrc/ &dirEntryId=15599. Accessed June 14, 2011.
21. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Pesticide Programs. List A: EPA's registered antimicrobial products registered with the EPA as sterilizers. January 2009. http://www.epa.gov/oppad001/list-a-sterilizer.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2011.
22. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Sabre Technical Services Chlorine Dioxide Gas Generator. (EPA/600/R-06/168). May 2006. http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/ pubs/tpSporicidalDecon050506.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
23. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Systematic Investigation of Fumigant Technologies for Decontamination of Biological Agents from Contaminated Building Materials. (EPA/600/R-07/143). December 2007. http://cfpub.epa.gov/si/ si-public-record-Report.cfm?dirEntryId=187628. Accessed June 14, 2011.
24. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Environmental Technology Verification Report. Bench-Scale Chlorine Dioxide Gas: Solid Generator. September 2004. http://www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/11-vr-cdg.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2011.
25. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Verification of Formaldehyde Vapor Technologies for Decontaminating Indoor Surfaces Contaminated with Biological or Chemical Agents. November 2003. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/std/etv/pubs/09-tp- formaldehyde.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
26. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Verification of Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor Technologies for Decontaminating Indoor Surfaces Contaminated with Biological or Chemical Agents. July 2003. http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/std/etv/pubs/ 09-tp-hydrogen.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
27. Wullt M, Odenholt I, Walder M. Activity of three disinfectants and acidified nitrite against Clostridium difficile spores. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24(10):765-768. (Pubitemid 37309608)
28. Wutzler P, Sauerbrei A, Schau HP. Monopercitric acid-a new disinfectant with excellent activity towards clostridial spores. J Hosp Infect 2005;59(1):75-76. (Pubitemid 39618973)
29. Berrington A, Borriello SP, Brazier J, et al. National Clostridium difficile Standards Group. Report to the Department of Health. J Hosp Infect 2004;56:1-38.
30. Denton M, Wilcox MH, Parnell P, et al. Role of environmental cleaning in controlling an outbreak of Acinetobacter baumannii on a neurosurgical intensive care unit. J Hosp Infect 2004;56(2):106-110. (Pubitemid 38153059)
31. Settle CD, Wilcox MH. Clostridium difficile and chlorinereleasing disinfectants. Lancet 2008;371(9615):810.
32. Underwood S, Stephenson K, Fawley WN, et al. Effects of hospital cleaning agents on spore formation by N. American and U. K. outbreak Clostridium difficile strains. In: Program and abstracts of the 45th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2005: LB-28.
33. Vonberg RP, Kuijper EJ, Wilcox MH, et al. European C difficile-Infection control measures to limit the spread of Clostridium difficile. Clin Microbiol Infec 2008;14 Suppl 5:2-20. (Pubitemid 351560386)
34. Wilcox MH. Uses of error: microbial perils. Lancet 2001;358(9277):237.
35. Wilcox MH, Fawley WN. Hospital disinfectants and spore formation by Clostridium difficile. Lancet 2000;356(9238):1324.
36. Wilcox MH, Fawley W, Freeman J, Brayson J. In vitro activity of new generation fluoroquinolones against genotypically distinct and indistinguishable Clostridium difficile isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000;46(4):551-556.
37. Wilcox MH, Fawley WN, Wigglesworth N, Parnell P, Verity P, Freeman J. Detergent versus hypochlorite cleaning and Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2004;56(4):331. (Pubitemid 38444091)
38. Wilcox MH, Fawley WN, Wigglesworth N, Parnell P, Verity P, Freeman J. Comparison of the effect of detergent versus hypochlorite cleaning on environmental contamination and incidence of Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2003;54(2):109-114. (Pubitemid 38002007)
39. Wilcox MH, Mooney L, Bendall R, Settle CD, Fawley WN. A case-control study of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008;62(2):388-396. (Pubitemid 351984787)
40. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Selected EPA-registered disinfectants. http://www.epa.gov/oppad001/chemregindex.htm. Accessed June 14, 2011.
41. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effects of Vapor-Based Decontamination Systems on Selected Building Interior Materials: Chlorine Dioxide. EPA/600/R-08/054. http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/pubs/600r08054.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
42. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Effects of Vapor-Based Decontamination Systems on Selected Building Interior Materials: Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide. EPA/600/R-08/074. http://www.epa.gov/NHSRC/pubs/600r08074. pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
43. Calfee MW, Wood J, Kelly T, Rogers J, Choi Y. Inactivation of Bacillus anthracis spores on indoor and outdoor building surfaces using commercially-available liquid sterilant technologies. Proceedings of the EPA Decontamination Conference; Chapel Hill, NC; April 2010.
44. Calfee MW. Biological Agent Decontamination Technology Testing. Technology Evaluation Report. EPA/600/R-10/087. Research Triangle Park, NC: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; September 2010. http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/ pubs/600r10087.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
45. Hinds B. Testing the sporicidal efficacy of six disinfectants on carrier surfaces contaminated with B. atrophaeus spores. March 14, 2010. Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Presented at the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency/IEP; June 8, 2010.
46. Wood J, Rogers JV, Richter WR, et al. Evaluation of Spray-Applied Sporicidal Decontamination Technologies. EPA Technology Evaluation Report. EPA 600-R-06-146. September 2006. http://www.epa.gov/nhsrc/pubs/600r06146.pdf. Accessed June 14, 2011.
47. Knowlton R, Tucker M, Wayne EW. Analysis of Decontamination Strategies Following a Wide-Area Biological Release in a Metropolitan Area. SAND-2010-2177C. In Proceedings of the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Decontamination Research and Development Conference; Durham, NC; April 2010.