History of oocyte cryopreservation

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

Volumn 23, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 281-289

  Gook, Debra A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE   (Australia)

Author keywords

cryopreservation; history; human; oocyte; slow cooling; vitrification

Indexed keywords

CONFERENCE PAPER; COOLING; CRYOBIOLOGY; CRYOPRESERVATION; FERTILIZATION IN VITRO; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HUMAN; INFERTILITY THERAPY; NONHUMAN; OOCYTE; OOCYTE DEVELOPMENT; VITRIFICATION;

ANIMALS; CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES; CRYOPRESERVATION; CRYOPROTECTIVE AGENTS; EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; EMBRYO TRANSFER; FEMALE; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 21ST CENTURY; HUMANS; OOCYTES; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY OUTCOME; PREGNANCY RATE;

EID: 80052426000     PISSN: 14726483     EISSN: 14726491     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.018     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (157)

1. S. Al-Hasani, A. Tolksdorf, K. Diedrich, H. van der Ven, and D. Krebs Successful in-vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed rabbit oocytes Hum. Reprod. 1 1986 309 312 (Pubitemid 17185727)
2. S. Al-Hasani, K. Diedrich, H. van der Ven, A. Reinecke, M. Hartje, and D. Krebs Cryopreservation of human oocytes Hum. Reprod. 2 1987 695 700 (Pubitemid 18012879)
3. Al-Hasani, S.; Diedrich, K.; Vanderven, H.; Krebs, D.; 1988. Cryopreservation of human and rabbit oocytes. In: 25th Annual Meeting of the Society for Cryobiology, vol. 25. Aachen, West Germany. Cryobiology, pp. 508-587.
4. J. Ali, and J.N. Shelton Design of vitrification solutions for the cryopreservation of embryos J. Reprod. Fertil. 99 1993 471 477 (Pubitemid 24051993)
5. S. Antinori, G. Dani, and H.A. Selman Pregnancies after sperm injection into cryopreserved human oocytes Hum. Reprod. 13 1998 157 158 Abst. P-55, 14th Annual ESHRE Meeting
6. M. Antinori, E. Licata, G. Dani, F. Cerusico, C. Versaci, and S. Antinori Cryotop vitrification of human oocytes results in high survival rate and healthy deliveries Reprod. Biomed. Online 14 2007 72 79
7. E. Asahina Intracellular freezing and frost resistance in egg-cells of the sea urchin Nature 191 1961 1263 1265
8. R.L.W. Averill, and L.E.A. Rowson Attempts at storage of sheep ova at low temperatures J. Agric. Sci. 52 1959 392 395
9. S.G. Baka, T.L. Toth, L.L. Veeck, H.W. Jones Jr.; S.J. Muasher, and S.E. Lanzendorf Evaluation of the spindle apparatus of in-vitro matured human oocytes following cryopreservation Hum. Reprod. 10 1995 1816 1820
10. A. Bernard, J.J. McGrath, B.J. Fuller, D. Imoedemhe, and R.W. Shaw Osmotic response of oocytes using a microscope diffusion chamber: a preliminary study comparing murine and human ova Cryobiology 25 1988 495 501 (Pubitemid 19020105)
11. V. Bianchi, G. Coticchio, L. Fava, C. Flamigni, and A. Borini Meiotic spindle imaging in human oocytes frozen with a slow freezing procedure involving high sucrose concentration Hum. Reprod. 20 2005 1078 1083 (Pubitemid 40667859)
12. V. Bianchi, G. Coticchio, V. Distratis, N. Di Giusto, and A. Borini Early cleavage delay in cryopreserved human oocytes Hum. Reprod. 20 2005 i54
13. V. Bianchi, G. Coticchio, V. Distratis, N. Di Giusto, C. Flamigni, and A. Borini Differential sucrose concentration during dehydration (0.2 mol/l) and rehydration (0.3 mol/l) increases the implantation rate of frozen human oocytes Reprod. Biomed. Online 14 2007 64 71 (Pubitemid 46156565)
14. J. Boldt, N. Tidswell, A. Sayers, R. Kilani, and D. Cline Human oocyte cryopreservation: 5-year experience with a sodium-depleted slow freezing method Reprod. Biomed. Online 13 2006 96 100 (Pubitemid 44054851)
15. A. Borini, M.G. Bafaro, and M.A. Bonu Pregnancies after oocyte freezing and thawing, preliminary data Hum. Reprod. 13 1998 124 125 Abst. P-241, 14th Annual ESHRE Meeting
16. A. Borini, R. Sciajno, V. Bianchi, E. Sereni, C. Flamigni, and G. Coticchio Clinical outcome of oocyte cryopreservation after slow cooling with a protocol utilizing a high sucrose concentration Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 512 517 (Pubitemid 43159930)
17. R. Boyle New Experiments and Observations Touching Cold 1683 R. Davis London
18. R.G. Bunge, W.C. Keettel, and J.K. Sherman Clinical use of frozen semen Fertil. Steril. 5 1954 520 529
19. C.J. Candy, M.J. Wood, D.G. Whittingham, J.A. Merriman, and N. Choudhury Cryopreservation of immature mouse oocytes Hum. Reprod. 9 1994 1738 1742 (Pubitemid 24291095)
20. C.J. Candy, M.J. Wood, and D.G. Whittingham The effect of follicle stimulating hormone during maturation in vitro on fertilization and embryo development in mouse oocytes cryopreserved at the germinal vesicle stage J. Reprod. Fertil. 21 1998 17 Abst. 28
21. J. Carroll, G.M. Warnes, and C.D. Matthews Increase in digyny explains polyploidy after in-vitro fertilization of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes J. Reprod. Fertil. 85 1989 489 494 (Pubitemid 19079872)
22. J. Carroll, H. Depypere, and C.D. Matthews Freeze-thaw-induced changes of the zona pellucida explains decreased rates of fertilization in frozen-thawed mouse oocytes J. Reprod. Fertil. 90 1990 547 553 (Pubitemid 20386490)
23. J. Carroll, M.J. Wood, and D.G. Whittingham Normal fertilization and development of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes: protective action of certain macromolecules Biol. Reprod. 48 1993 606 612 (Pubitemid 23056026)
24. K.R. Cha, S.W. Hong, H.M. Chung, D.H. Choi, J.J. Ko, and T.K. Yoon Pregnancy and implantation from vitrified oocytes following in vitro fertilization (IVF) and in vitro culture (IVC) Fertil. Steril. 72 1999 S2
25. C. Chen Pregnancy after human oocyte cryopreservation Lancet i 1986 884 886 (Pubitemid 16113063)
26. S.U. Chen, Y.R. Lien, K.H. Chao, H.F. Lu, H.N. Ho, and Y.S. Yang Cryopreservation of mature human oocytes by vitrification with ethylene glycol in straws Fertil. Steril. 74 2000 804 808
27. Z.J. Chen, M. Li, and Y. Li Effects of sucrose concentration on the developmental potential of human frozen-thawed oocytes at different stages of maturity Hum. Reprod. 19 2004 2345 2349 (Pubitemid 39406699)
28. R.C. Chian, W.Y. Son, J.Y. Huang, S.J. Cui, W.M. Buckett, and S.L. Tan High survival rates and pregnancies of human oocytes following vitrification:preliminary report Fertil. Steril. 84 2005 S36
29. R.C. Chian, J.Y. Huang, and L. Gilbert Obstetric outcomes following vitrification of in vitro and in vivo matured oocytes Fertil. Steril. 91 2009 2391 2398
30. A. Cobo, S. Perez, M.J. De los Santos, J. Zulategui, J. Domingo, and J. Remohi Effect of different cryopreservation protocols on the metaphase II spindle in human oocytes Reprod. Biomed. Online 17 2008 350 359
31. A. Cobo, M. Kuwayama, S. Perez, A. Ruiz, A. Pellicer, and J. Remohi Comparison of concomitant outcome achieved with fresh and cryopreserved donor oocytes vitrified by the Cryotop method Fertil. Steril. 69 2008 1657 1664 (Pubitemid 351749628)
32. A. Cobo, M. Meseguer, J. Remohi, and A. Pellicer Use of cryo-banked oocytes in an ovum donation programme: a prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial Hum. Reprod. 25 2010 2239 2246
33. G. Coticchio, L. De Santis, and G. Rossi Sucrose concentration influences the rate of human oocytes with normal spindle and chromosome configurations after slow-cooling cryopreservation Hum. Reprod. 21 2006 1771 1776 (Pubitemid 44028248)
34. G. Coticchio, V. Distratis, V. Bianchi, A. Bonu, and A. Borini Fertilization and early developmental ability of cryopreserved human oocytes is not affected compared to sibling fresh oocytes Fertil. Steril. 88 2007 P-700
35. G. Coticchio, R. Sciajno, K. Hutt, J. Bromfield, A. Borini, and D.F. Albertini Comparative analysis of the metaphase II spindle of human oocytes through polarized light and high-performance confocal microscopy Fertil. Steril. 93 2010 2056 2064
36. J.K. Critser, B.W. Arneson, D.V. Aaker, and G.D. Ball Cryopreservation of hamster oocytes: effects of vitrification or freezing on human sperm penetration of zona-free hamster oocytes Fertil. Steril. 46 1986 277 284 (Pubitemid 16041819)
37. L. De Santis, G. Coticchio, and S. Paynter Permeability of human oocytes to ethylene glycol and their survival and spindle configurations after slow cooling cryopreservation Hum. Reprod. 22 2007 2776 2783 (Pubitemid 47434225)
38. F.J. DeMayo, R.G. Rawlins, and W.R. Dukelow Xenogenous and in vitro fertilization of frozen/thawed primate oocytes and blastomere separation of embryos Fertil. Steril. 43 1985 295 300 (Pubitemid 15127358)
39. K. Diedrich, S. Al-Hasani, H. Van der Ven, and D. Krebs Successful in vitro fertilisation of frozen-thawed rabbit and human oocytes J. IVF. ET. 3 1986 65
40. R. Fabbri, E. Porcu, T. Marsella, G. Rocchetta, S. Venturoli, and C. Flamigni Human oocyte cryopreservation: new perspectives regarding oocyte survival Hum. Reprod. 16 2001 411 416 (Pubitemid 32218786)
41. G.M. Fahy, D.I. Levy, and S.E. Ali Some emerging principles underlying the physical properties, biological actions, and utility of vitrification solutions Cryobiology 24 1987 196 213
42. M.A. George, M.H. Johnson, and S.K. Howlett Assessment of the developmental potential of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes Hum. Reprod. 9 1994 130 136 (Pubitemid 24043799)
43. P.H. Glenister, M.J. Wood, C. Kirby, and D.G. Whittingham Incidence of chromosome anomalies in first-cleavage mouse embryos obtained from frozen-thawed oocytes fertilized in vitro Gamete Res. 16 1987 205 216 (Pubitemid 17033555)
44. D.A. Gook, and D.H. Edgar Human oocyte cryopreservation Hum. Reprod. Update 13 2007 591 605 (Pubitemid 350018527)
45. D.A. Gook, S.M. Osborn, and W.I. Johnston Cryopreservation of mouse and human oocytes using 1,2-propanediol and the configuration of the meiotic spindle Hum. Reprod. 8 1993 1101 1109 (Pubitemid 23204699)
46. D.A. Gook, S.M. Osborn, H. Bourne, and W.I. Johnston Fertilization of human oocytes following cryopreservation: normal karyotypes and absence of stray chromosomes Hum. Reprod. 9 1994 684 691 (Pubitemid 24132349)
47. D.A. Gook, S.M. Osborn, and W.I. Johnston Parthenogenetic activation of human oocytes following cryopreservation using 1,2-propanediol Hum. Reprod. 10 1995 654 658
48. D.A. Gook, M.C. Schiewe, S.M. Osborn, R.H. Asch, R.P. Jansen, and W.I. Johnston Intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo development of human oocytes cryopreserved using 1,2-propanediol Hum. Reprod. 10 1995 2637 2641
49. D.A. Gook, L. Hale, and D.H. Edgar Live birth following transfer of a cryopreserved embryo generated from a cryopreserved oocyte and a cryopreserved sperm: case report J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 24 2007 43 45 (Pubitemid 46213651)
50. R. Gualtieri, M. Iaccarino, V. Mollo, M. Prisco, S. Iaccarino, and R. Talevi Slow cooling of human oocytes: ultrastructural injuries and apoptotic status Fertil. Steril. 91 2009 1023 1034
51. S. Hotamisligil, M. Toner, and R.D. Powers Changes in membrane integrity, cytoskeletal structure, and developmental potential of murine oocytes after vitrification in ethylene glycol Biol. Reprod. 55 1996 161 168 (Pubitemid 26293153)
52. Y.Y. Hsieh, H.D. Tsai, C.C. Chang, H.Y. Lo, and A.C. Lai Ultrarapid cryopreservation of human embryos: experience with 1582 embryos Fertil. Steril. 72 1999 253 256 (Pubitemid 29364618)
53. J.E. Hunter, A. Bernard, B. Fuller, N. Amso, and R.W. Shaw Fertilization and development of the human oocyte following exposure to cryoprotectants, low temperatures and cryopreservation: a comparison of two techniques Hum. Reprod. 6 1991 1460 1465
54. J.E. Hunter, A. Bernard, B.J. Fuller, J.J. McGrath, and R.W. Shaw Measurements of the membrane water permeability (Lp) and its temperature dependence (activation energy) in human fresh and failed-to-fertilize oocytes and mouse oocyte Cryobiology 29 1992 240 249
55. J.E. Hunter, B.J. Fuller, A. Bernard, A. Jackson, and R.W. Shaw Vitrification of human oocytes following minimal exposure to cryoprotectants; initial studies on fertilization and embryonic development Hum. Reprod. 10 1995 1184 1188
56. D.G. Imoedemhe, and A.B. Sigue Survival of human oocytes cryopreserved with or without the cumulus in 1,2-propanediol J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 9 1992 323 327
57. H. Ishimori, Y. Takahashi, and H. Kanagawa Factors affecting survival of mouse blastocysts vitrified by a mixture of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide Theriogenology 38 1992 1175 1185
58. H. Ishimori, K. Saeki, and M. Inai Vitrification of bovine embryos in a mixture of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide Theriogenology 40 1993 427 433
59. M.H. Johnson The effect on fertilization of exposure of mouse oocytes to dimethyl sulfoxide: an optimal protocol J. In Vitro Fertil. Embryo Transfer 6 1989 168 175 (Pubitemid 19249532)
60. M.H. Johnson, S.J. Pickering, and M.A. George The influence of cooling on the properties of the zona pellucida of the mouse oocyte Hum. Reprod. 3 1988 383 387
61. M. Kasai, A. Iritani, and M.C. Chang Fertilization in vitro of rat ovarian oocytes after freezing and thawing Biol. Reprod. 21 1979 839 844 (Pubitemid 10216251)
62. K.P. Katayama, J. Stehlik, M. Kuwayama, O. Kato, and E. Stehlik High survival rate of vitrified human oocytes results in clinical pregnancy Fertil. Steril. 80 2003 223 224 (Pubitemid 36808884)
63. I. Kola, C. Kirby, J. Shaw, A. Davey, and A. Trounson Vitrification of mouse oocytes results in aneuploid zygotes and malformed fetuses Teratology 38 1988 467 474 (Pubitemid 18260390)
64. L. Kuleshova, L. Gianaroli, C. Magli, A. Ferraretti, and A. Trounson Birth following vitrification of a small number of human oocytes: case report Hum. Reprod. 14 1999 3077 3079
65. M. Kuwayama, and O. Kato Successful vitrification of human oocytes Fertil. Steril. 2000 S49
66. M. Kuwayama, G. Vajta, O. Kato, and S.P. Leibo Highly efficient vitrification method for cryopreservation of human oocytes Reprod. Biomed. Online 11 2005 300 308 (Pubitemid 41269568)
67. K. Kyono, K. Fuchinoue, A. Yagi, Y. Nakajo, A. Yamashita, and S. Kumagai Successful pregnancy and delivery after transfer of a single blastocyst derived from a vitrified mature human oocyte Fertil. Steril. 84 2005 1017
68. M. Lane, W.B. Schoolcraft, and D.K. Gardner Vitrification of mouse and human blastocysts using a novel cryoloop container-less technique Fertil. Steril. 72 1999 1073 1078
69. B. Lassalle, J. Testart, and J.P. Renard Human embryo features that influence the success of cryopreservation with the use of 1,2 propanediol Fertil. Steril. 44 1985 645 651 (Pubitemid 16199657)
70. S.P. Leibo Water permeability and its activation energy of fertilized and unfertilized mouse ova J. Membr. Biol. 53 1980 179 188 (Pubitemid 10047492)
71. S.P. Leibo, J.J. McGrath, and E.G. Cravalho Microscopic observation of intracellular ice formation in unfertilized mouse ova as a function of cooling rate Cryobiology 15 1978 257 271 (Pubitemid 8377585)
72. J. Liebermann, M.J. Tucker, and E.S. Sills Cryoloop vitrification in assisted reproduction: analysis of survival rates in >1000 human oocytes after ultra-rapid cooling with polymer augmented cryoprotectants Clin. Exp. Obstet. Gynecol. 30 2003 125 129 (Pubitemid 36775744)
73. J. Liu, E. Van den Abbeel, and A.C. Van Steirteghem Assessment of ultrarapid and slow freezing procedures for 1-cell and 4-cell mouse embryos Hum. Reprod. 8 1993 1115 1119 (Pubitemid 23204701)
74. E. Lucena, D.P. Bernal, C. Lucena, A. Rojas, A. Moran, and A. Lucena Successful ongoing pregnancies after vitrification of oocytes Fertil. Steril. 85 2006 108 111 (Pubitemid 43063431)
75. B.J. Luyet The vitrification of organic colloids and of protoplasm Biodynamica 1 1937 1 14
76. B.J. Luyet, and E.L. Hodapp Revival of frog's spermatozoa vitrified in liquid air Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 39 1938 433 434
77. M. Magistrini, and D. Szollosi Effects of cold and of isopropyl-N-phenylcarbamate on the second meiotic spindle of mouse oocytes Eur. J. Cell Biol. 22 1980 699 707 (Pubitemid 11246531)
78. J. Mandelbaum, A.M. Junca, and M. Plachot Cryopreservation of human embryos and oocytes Hum. Reprod. 3 1988 117 119 (Pubitemid 18053851)
79. J. Mandelbaum, A.M. Junca, and C. Tibi Cryopreservation of immature and mature hamster and human oocytes Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 541 1988 550 561 (Pubitemid 19025534)
80. A. Martino, N. Songsasen, and S.P. Leibo Development into blastocysts of bovine oocytes cryopreserved by ultra-rapid cooling Biol. Reprod. 54 1996 1059 1069
81. P. Mazur Cryobiology: the freezing of biological systems Science 168 1970 939 949
82. P. Mazur, W.F. Rall, and S.P. Leibo Kinetics of water loss and the likelihood of intracellular freezing in mouse ova. Influence of the method of calculating the temperature dependence of water permeability Cell Biophys. 6 1984 197 213 (Pubitemid 15186977)
83. T. Mukaida, S. Wada, K. Takahashi, P.B. Pedro, T.Z. An, and M. Kasai Vitrification of human embryos based on the assessment of suitable conditions for 8-cell mouse embryos Hum. Reprod. 13 1998 2874 2879 (Pubitemid 28482744)
84. N. Nakagata High survival rate of unfertilized mouse oocytes after vitrification J. Reprod. Fertil. 87 1989 479 483 (Pubitemid 19282655)
85. F. Nawroth, and K. Kissing Pregnancy after intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) of cryopreserved human oocytes Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 77 1998 462 463 (Pubitemid 28181921)
86. S.A. Nottola, G. Macchiarelli, and G. Coticchio Ultrastructure of human mature oocytes after slow cooling cryopreservation using different sucrose concentrations Hum. Reprod. 22 2007 1123 1133
87. N. Noyes, E. Porcu, and A. Borini Over 900 oocyte cryopreservation babies born with no apparent increase in congenital anomalies Reprod. Biomed. Online 18 2009 769 776
88. N. Noyes, J. Knopman, P. Labella, C. McCaffrey, M. Clark-Williams, and J. Grifo Oocyte cryopreservation outcomes including pre-cryopreservation and post-thaw meiotic spindle evaluation following slow cooling and vitrification of human oocytes Fertil. Steril. 2010 [Epub ahead of print]
89. N. Noyes, P.A. Labella, J. Grifo, and J.M. Knopman Oocyte cryopreservation: a feasible fertility preservation option for reproductive age cancer survivors J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 27 2010 495 499
90. T. Okimura, K. Kato, Q. Zhan, M. Kuwayama, J. Zhang, and O. Kato Update on clinical efficiency of the vitrification method for human oocytes in an in vitro fertilization program Fertil. Steril. 84 2005 S174
91. M.R. Orrico, M. Toner, D.R. Armant, and E.G. Cravalho Experimental distribution of permeability parameters of mouse ova and their behavior during freezing Cryobiology 25 1988 562
92. G. Palermo, H. Joris, P. Devroey, and A.C. Van Steirteghem Pregnancies after intracytoplasmic injection of single spermatozoon into an oocyte Lancet 340 1992 17 18
93. T.A. Parkening, and M.C. Chang Effects of cooling rates and maturity of the animal on the recovery and fertilization of frozen-thawed rodent eggs Biol. Reprod. 17 1977 527 531 (Pubitemid 8204877)
94. M. Pensis, E. Loumaye, and I. Psalti Screening of conditions for rapid freezing of human oocytes: preliminary study toward their cryopreservation Fertil. Steril. 52 1989 787 794 (Pubitemid 19276732)
95. A. Petracco, R. Azambuja, L. Okada, J. Michelon, A. Oliani, and M. Badalotti Comparison of embryo quality between sibling embryos originating from frozen or fresh oocytes Reprod. Biomed. Online 13 2006 497 503 (Pubitemid 44548784)
96. S.J. Pickering, and M.H. Johnson The influence of cooling on the organization of the meiotic spindle of the mouse oocyte Hum. Reprod. 2 1987 207 216
97. E. Polak de Fried, J. Notrica, M. Rubinstein, and A. Marazzi Oocyte cryopreservation program: removal vs non removal of cumulus corona complex Fertil. Steril. 70 Suppl. 1 1998 S148 Abst. P-71, ASRM Meeting
98. C. Polge, A.U. Smith, and A.S. Parkes Revival of spermatozoa after vitrification and dehydration at low temperatures Nature 164 1949 666
99. E. Porcu, R. Fabbri, R. Seracchioli, P.M. Ciotti, O. Magrini, and C. Flamigni Birth of a healthy female after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of cryopreserved human oocytes Fertil. Steril. 68 1997 724 726 (Pubitemid 27454338)
100. E. Porcu, R. Fabbri, and R. Seracchioli Birth of six healthy children after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of cryopreserved human oocytes Hum. Reprod. 13 1998 124 Abst. O-240, 14th Annual ESHRE Meeting
101. E. Porcu, R. Fabbri, P.M. Ciotti, S. Petracchi, R. Seracchioli, and C. Flamigni Ongoing pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of epididymal spermatozoa into cryopreserved human oocytes J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 16 1999 283 285 (Pubitemid 29226914)
102. E. Porcu, S. Venturoli, and G. Damiano Healthy twins delivered after oocyte cryopreservation and bilateral ovariectomy for ovarian cancer Reprod. Biomed. Online 17 2008 265 267
103. C.J. Quintans, M.J. Donaldson, M.V. Bertolino, and R.S. Pasqualini Birth of two babies using oocytes that were cryopreserved in a choline-based freezing medium Hum. Reprod. 17 2002 3149 3152 (Pubitemid 35469265)
104. W.F. Rall, and G.M. Fahy Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at -196 degrees C by vitrification Nature 313 1985 573 575 (Pubitemid 15172417)
105. W.F. Rall, M.J. Wood, C. Kirby, and D.G. Whittingham Development of mouse embryos cryopreserved by vitrification J. Reprod. Fertil. 80 1987 499 504
106. J.P. Renard, and C. Babinet High survival of mouse embryos after rapid freezing and thawing inside plastic straws with 1-2 propanediol as cryoprotectant J. Exp. Zool. 230 1984 443 448 (Pubitemid 14075111)
107. J.P. Renard, N. Bui Xuan, and V. Garnier Two-step freezing of two-cell rabbit embryos after partial dehydration at room temperature J. Reprod. Fertil. 71 1984 573 580 (Pubitemid 14086431)
108. L. Rienzi, F. Martinez, and F. Ubaldi Polscope analysis of meiotic spindle changes in living metaphase II human oocytes during the freezing and thawing procedures Hum. Reprod. 19 2004 655 659 (Pubitemid 38344531)
109. A.H. Sathananthan, S.C. Ng, and A.O. Trounson The effects of ultrarapid freezing on meiotic and mitotic spindles of mouse oocytes and embryos Gamete Res. 21 1988 385 401 (Pubitemid 19185285)
110. M.E. Schalkoff, S.P. Oskowitz, and R.D. Powers Ultrastructural observations of human and mouse oocytes treated with cryopreservatives Biol. Reprod. 40 1989 379 393 (Pubitemid 19104229)
111. A.C. Schroeder, A.K. Champlin, L.E. Mobraaten, and J.J. Eppig Developmental capacity of mouse oocytes cryopreserved before and after maturation in vitro J. Reprod. Fertil. 89 1990 43 50 (Pubitemid 20156203)
112. H. Selman, A. Angelini, N. Barnocchi, G.F. Brusco, A. Pacchiarotti, and C. Aragona Ongoing pregnancies after vitrification of human oocytes using a combined solution of ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulfoxide Fertil. Steril. 86 2006 997 1000 (Pubitemid 44485036)
113. J.M. Shaw, and A.O. Trounson Parthenogenetic activation of unfertilized mouse oocytes by exposure to 1,2-propanediol is influenced by temperature, oocyte age, and cumulus removal Gamete Res. 24 1989 269 279 (Pubitemid 19277779)
114. J.M. Shaw, I. Kola, D.R. MacFarlane, and A.O. Trounson An association between chromosomal abnormalities in rapidly frozen 2-cell mouse embryos and the ice-forming properties of the cryoprotective solution J. Reprod. Fertil. 91 1991 9 18
115. P.W. Shaw, A.G. Bernard, B.J. Fuller, J.H. Hunter, and R.W. Shaw Vitrification of mouse oocytes using short cryoprotectant exposure: effects of varying exposure times on survival Mol. Reprod. Dev. 33 1992 210 214
116. J. Sherman, and T. Lin Temperature shock and cold storage of unfertilised mouse eggs Fertil. Steril. 10 1959 384 387
117. E.R. Siebzehnruebl, S. Todorow, J. van Uem, R. Koch, L. Wildt, and N. Lang Cryopreservation of human and rabbit oocytes and one-cell embryos: a comparison of DMSO and propanediol Hum. Reprod. 4 1989 312 317 (Pubitemid 19111155)
118. Smith, A.; 1953. In vitro experiments with rabbit eggs, in mammalian germ cells. In: Churchill, J. (Ed.), Ciba Foundation Symposium, London.
119. J.J. Stachecki, J. Cohen, and S. Willadsen Detrimental effects of sodium during mouse oocyte cryopreservation Biol. Reprod. 59 1998 395 400 (Pubitemid 28354882)
120. J.J. Stachecki, J. Cohen, T. Schimmel, and S.M. Willadsen Fetal development of mouse oocytes and zygotes cryopreserved in a nonconventional freezing medium Cryobiology 44 2002 5 13 (Pubitemid 36092149)
121. J. Testart, B. Lassalle, and J. Belaisch-Allart High pregnancy rate after early human embryo freezing Fertil. Steril. 46 1986 268 272 (Pubitemid 16041817)
122. S.J. Todorow, E.R. Siebzehnrubl, R. Koch, L. Wildt, and N. Lang Comparative results on survival of human and animal eggs using different cryoprotectants and freeze-thawing regimens: I. Mouse and hamster Hum. Reprod. 4 1989 805 811 (Pubitemid 19242826)
123. S.J. Todorow, E.R. Siebzehnrubl, M. Spitzer, R. Koch, L. Wildt, and N. Lang Comparative results on survival of human and animal eggs using different cryoprotectants and freeze-thawing regimens: II. Human Hum. Reprod. 4 1989 812 816 (Pubitemid 19242827)
124. T.L. Toth, S.G. Baka, L.L. Veeck, H.W. Jones Jr.; S. Muasher, and S.E. Lanzendorf Fertilization and in vitro development of cryopreserved human prophase I oocytes Fertil. Steril. 61 1994 891 894 (Pubitemid 24136856)
125. A. Trounson Preservation of human eggs and embryos Fertil. Steril. 46 1986 1 12 (Pubitemid 16100822)
126. A. Trounson, and C. Kirby Problems in the cryopreservation of unfertilized eggs by slow cooling in dimethyl sulfoxide Fertil. Steril. 52 1989 778 786 (Pubitemid 19276731)
127. A. Trounson, and L. Mohr Human pregnancy following cryopreservation, thawing and transfer of an eight-cell embryo Nature 305 1983 707 709 (Pubitemid 13021518)
128. M. Tucker, G. Wright, P. Morton, L. Shanguo, J. Massey, and H. Kort Preliminary experience with human oocyte cryopreservation using 1,2-propanediol and sucrose Hum. Reprod. 11 1996 1513 1515 (Pubitemid 26335104)
129. M.J. Tucker, G. Wright, P.C. Morton, and J.B. Massey Birth after cryopreservation of immature oocytes with subsequent in vitro maturation Fertil. Steril. 70 1998 578 579 (Pubitemid 28435652)
130. G. Vajta, and Z.P. Nagy Are programmable freezers still needed in the embryo laboratory? Review on vitrification Reprod. Biomed. Online 12 2006 779 796 (Pubitemid 43869382)
131. G. Vajta, P. Holm, and M. Kuwayama Open Pulled Straw (OPS) vitrification: a new way to reduce cryoinjuries of bovine ova and embryos Mol. Reprod. Dev. 51 1998 53 58 (Pubitemid 28372957)
132. J. Van Blerkom Maturation at high frequency of germinal-vesicle-stage mouse oocytes after cryopreservation: alterations in cytoplasmic, nuclear, nucleolar and chromosomal structure and organization associated with vitrification Hum. Reprod. 4 1989 883 898 (Pubitemid 20072550)
133. J. Van Blerkom, and P.W. Davis Cytogenetic, cellular, and developmental consequences of cryopreservation of immature and mature mouse and human oocytes Microsc. Res. Tech. 27 1994 165 193 (Pubitemid 24028211)
134. J. Van der Elst, E. Van den Abbeel, R. Jacobs, E. Wisse, and A. Van Steirteghem Effect of 1,2-propanediol and dimethylsulphoxide on the meiotic spindle of the mouse oocyte Hum. Reprod. 3 1988 960 967 (Pubitemid 18267950)
135. J. Van der Elst, E. Van den Abbeel, S. Nerinckx, and A. Van Steirteghem Parthenogenetic activation pattern and microtubular organization of the mouse oocyte after exposure to 1,2-propanediol Cryobiology 29 1992 549 562
136. J. Van der Elst, S. Nerinckx, and A.C. Van Steirteghem In vitro maturation of mouse germinal vesicle-stage oocytes following cooling, exposure to cryoprotectants and ultrarapid freezing: limited effect on the morphology of the second meiotic spindle Hum. Reprod. 7 1992 1440 1446 (Pubitemid 23042171)
137. J.C. Van der Elst, S.S. Nerinckx, and A.C. Van Steirteghem Slow and ultrarapid freezing of fully grown germinal vesicle-stage mouse oocytes: optimization of survival rate outweighed by defective blastocyst formation J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 10 1993 202 212 (Pubitemid 23272700)
138. J.F.H.M. Van Uem, E.R. Siebzehnrubl, B. Schuh, R. Koch, S. Trotnow, and N. Lang Birth after cryopreservation of unfertilised oocytes Lancet i 1987 752 753 (Pubitemid 17037026)
139. P. Vanderzwalmem, A. Delval, and A. Chatziparasidou Pregnancies after vitrification of human day 5 embryos Hum. Reprod. 12 1997 98
140. P. Vanderzwalmem, G. Bertin, C. Debauche, V. Standaart, and E. Schoysman In vitro survival of metaphase II oocytes (MII) and blastocysts after vitrification in hemi-straws (HS) system Fertil. Steril. 74 2000 S215
141. C. Vincent, S.J. Pickering, and M.H. Johnson The hardening effect of dimethylsulphoxide on the mouse zona pellucida requires the presence of an oocyte and is associated with a reduction in the number of cortical granules present J. Reprod. Fertil. 89 1990 253 259 (Pubitemid 20156225)
142. C. Vincent, K. Turner, S.J. Pickering, and M.H. Johnson Zona pellucida modifications in the mouse in the absence of oocyte activation Mol. Reprod. Dev. 28 1991 394 404
143. D.G. Whittingham Fertilization in vitro and development to term of unfertilized mouse oocytes previously stored at -196 degrees C J. Reprod. Fertil. 49 1977 89 94 (Pubitemid 8008112)
144. D.G. Whittingham, S.P. Leibo, and P. Mazur Survival of mouse embryos frozen to -196 degrees and -269 degrees C Science 178 1972 411 414
145. I. Wilmut The effect of cooling rate, warming rate, cryoprotective agent and stage of development on survival of mouse embryos during freezing and thawing Life Sci. II 11 1972 1071 1079
146. K. Winslow, D. Yang, P. Blohm, S. Brown, P. Jossim, and K. Nguyen Oocyte cryopreservation/a three year follow up of sixteen births Fertil. Steril. 76 Suppl. 1 2001 S120 Abst. P-28, ASRM Meeting
147. M.J. Wood, D.G. Whittingham, and S.H. Lee Fertilization failure of frozen mouse oocytes is not due to premature cortical granule release Biol. Reprod. 46 1992 1187 1195
148. M.J. Wood, C. Barros, C.J. Candy, J. Carroll, J. Melendez, and D.G. Whittingham High rates of survival and fertilization of mouse and hamster oocytes after vitrification in dimethylsulphoxide Biol. Reprod. 49 1993 489 495 (Pubitemid 23259669)
149. J. Wu, L. Zhang, and X. Wang In vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo development after ultrarapid freezing of immature human oocytes Reproduction 121 2001 389 393 (Pubitemid 32243682)
150. W. Wurfel, M. Schleyer, G. Krusmann, I.V. Hertwig, and K. Fiedler Fertilization of cryopreserved and thawed human oocytes (Cryo-Oo) by injection of spermatozoa (ICSI) - medical management of sterility and case report of a twin pregnancy Zentralbl. Gynakol. 121 1999 444 448 (Pubitemid 29449022)
151. D. Yang, K. Winslow, and P. Blohm Improved survival rate after cryopreservation of human fresh and aged unfertilized oocytes using a specially developed oocyte cryopreservation regime Fertil. Steril. 70 1998 S86 Abst. O-232
152. D. Yang, K. Winslow, P. Blohm, S. Brown, K. Nguyen, and C. Brubaker Oocyte donation using cryopreserved donor oocytes Fertil. Steril. 78 2002 S14 Abst. O-37
153. D. Yang, S.E. Brown, K. Nguyen, V. Reddy, C. Brubaker, and K.L. Winslow Live birth after the transfer of human embryos developed from cryopreserved oocytes harvested before cancer treatment Fertil. Steril. 87 2007 1469e1-1469e4
154. H.J. Yoon, J.H. Moon, W.Y. Son, S.W. Lee, S.H. Yoon, and J.H. Lim The survival and fertilization of human MII-stage oocytes cryopreserved by vitrification Fertil. Steril. 78 Suppl. 1 2002 S14
155. T.K. Yoon, T.J. Kim, and S.E. Park Live births after vitrification of oocytes in a stimulated in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer program Fertil. Steril. 79 2003 1323 1326 (Pubitemid 36687878)
156. E. Young, A. Kenny, E. Puigdomenech, G. Van Thillo, M. Tiveron, and A. Piazza Triplet pregnancy after intracytoplasmic sperm injection of cryopreserved oocytes: case report Fertil. Steril. 70 1998 360 361 (Pubitemid 28361496)
157. G.H. Zeilmaker, A.T. Alberda, I. van Gent, C.M. Rijkmans, and A.C. Drogendijk Two pregnancies following transfer of intact frozen-thawed embryos Fertil. Steril. 42 1984 293 296 (Pubitemid 14093055)