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2
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33847080863
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Less atherosclerosis and lower blood pressure for a meaningful life perspective with more brain
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This excellent review summarizes epidemiologic studies of BP and cognitive function in cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies as well as in clinical trials
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•• Staessen JA, Richart T, Birkenhager WH: Less atherosclerosis and lower blood pressure for a meaningful life perspective with more brain. Hypertension 2007, 49: 389-400. This excellent review summarizes epidemiologic studies of BP and cognitive function in cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies as well as in clinical trials.
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Hypertension
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Staessen, J.A.1
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This study demonstrates the longitudinal relationship of BP to incident dementia among men over 32 years of follow-up, showing that men who eventually developed dementia had a greater increase in SBP from mid-life to late life followed by a greater decrease in SBP over an approximately 6-year period prior to dementia diagnosis, compared with men who did not develop dementia
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• Stewart R, Xue QL, Masaki K, et al.: Change in blood pressure and incident dementia: a 32-year prospective study. Hypertension 2009, 54: 233-240. This study demonstrates the longitudinal relationship of BP to incident dementia among men over 32 years of follow-up, showing that men who eventually developed dementia had a greater increase in SBP from mid-life to late life followed by a greater decrease in SBP over an approximately 6-year period prior to dementia diagnosis, compared with men who did not develop dementia.
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Contrary to belief that CBF was regulated to be independent of changes in systemic mean arterial pressure across a range of normal pressure, this study showed that CBF does change in response to changes in mean arterial pressure. The study results also found that cerebral oxygenation was higher with hypotension and lower CBF, and lower with hypertension and higher CBF, suggesting a mechanism linking hypertension and cerebral ischemia
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• Lucas SJ, Tzeng YC, Galvin SD, et al.: Influence of changes in blood pressure on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Hypertension 2010, 55: 698-705. Contrary to belief that CBF was regulated to be independent of changes in systemic mean arterial pressure across a range of normal pressure, this study showed that CBF does change in response to changes in mean arterial pressure. The study results also found that cerebral oxygenation was higher with hypotension and lower CBF, and lower with hypertension and higher CBF, suggesting a mechanism linking hypertension and cerebral ischemia.
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Hypertension
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J Am Geriatr Soc
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McGuinness, B.1
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22
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Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older
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Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F, et al.: Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2008, 7: 683-689.
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24
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57049128826
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Effects of central arterial aging on the structure and function of the peripheral vasculature: implications for end-organ damage
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This article reviews current evidence and the mechanisms by which arterial stiffening contributes to microvascular damage of the brain and kidney
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•• Mitchell GF: Effects of central arterial aging on the structure and function of the peripheral vasculature: implications for end-organ damage. J Appl Physiol 2008, 105: 1652-1660. This article reviews current evidence and the mechanisms by which arterial stiffening contributes to microvascular damage of the brain and kidney.
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Mitchell, G.F.1
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Williamson, J.3
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66849126212
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This recent study showed that baseline WMD predicts cognitive decline
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• Dufouil C, Godin O, Chalmers J, et al.: Severe cerebral white matter hyperintensities predict severe cognitive decline in patients with cerebrovascular disease history. Stroke 2009, 40: 2219-2221. This recent study showed that baseline WMD predicts cognitive decline.
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Dufouil, C.1
Godin, O.2
Chalmers, J.3
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Ikram MA, Vrooman HA, Vernooij MW, et al.: Brain tissue volumes in relation to cognitive function and risk of dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2010, 31: 378-386.
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28
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68149108650
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Changes in white matter as determinant of global functional decline in older independent outpatients: three year follow-up of LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability) study cohort
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This study showed that cognitive decline and global functional decline paralleled worsening of WMD, supporting a causal relationship
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• Inzitari D, Pracucci G, Poggesi A, et al.: Changes in white matter as determinant of global functional decline in older independent outpatients: three year follow-up of LADIS (leukoaraiosis and disability) study cohort. BMJ 2009, 339: b2477. This study showed that cognitive decline and global functional decline paralleled worsening of WMD, supporting a causal relationship.
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Bmj
, vol.339
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Inzitari, D.1
Pracucci, G.2
Poggesi, A.3
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Relationship of hypertension, blood pressure, and blood pressure control with white matter abnormalities in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)-MRI trial
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Kuller LH, Margolis KL, Gaussoin SA, et al.: Relationship of hypertension, blood pressure, and blood pressure control with white matter abnormalities in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS)-MRI trial. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2010, 12: 203-212.
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J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)
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Gaussoin, S.A.3
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30
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Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Catellier DJ, et al.: Blood pressure and white-matter disease progression in a biethnic cohort: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Stroke 2010, 41: 3-8.
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Gottesman, R.F.1
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Am J Kidney Dis
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(in press)
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Rosano C, Sigurdsson S, Siggeirsdottir K, et al.: Magnetization transfer imaging, white matter hyperintensities, brain atrophy and slower gait in older men and women. Neurobiol Aging 2008 (in press).
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Neurobiol Aging
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65549146233
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Vernooij MW, Ikram MA, Vrooman HA, et al.: White matter microstructural integrity and cognitive function in a general elderly population. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2009, 66: 545-553.
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Arch Gen Psychiatry
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46
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66549106850
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Serial PIB and MRI in normal, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: implications for sequence of pathological events in Alzheimer's disease
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Using serial PIB-PET imaging on healthy, cognitively normal controls, participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and participants with AD, this small study found that cognitive decline was more strongly related to neurodegeneration (i.e., MRI-measured cerebral atrophy) than to continued cerebral amyloid deposition
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• Jack CR Jr, Lowe VJ, Weigand SD, et al.: Serial PIB and MRI in normal, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: implications for sequence of pathological events in Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2009, 132: 1355-1365. Using serial PIB-PET imaging on healthy, cognitively normal controls, participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and participants with AD, this small study found that cognitive decline was more strongly related to neurodegeneration (i. e., MRI-measured cerebral atrophy) than to continued cerebral amyloid deposition.
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Brain
, vol.132
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Jack Jr., C.R.1
Lowe, V.J.2
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47
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77749245884
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Limitations of the usual blood-pressure hypothesis and importance of variability, instability, and episodic hypertension
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This interesting review highlights the role of BP variability, instability, and episodic hypertension in predicting cardiovascular risk and hypothesizes that it could also increase vascular dementia
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• Rothwell PM: Limitations of the usual blood-pressure hypothesis and importance of variability, instability, and episodic hypertension. Lancet 2010, 375: 938-948. This interesting review highlights the role of BP variability, instability, and episodic hypertension in predicting cardiovascular risk and hypothesizes that it could also increase vascular dementia.
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Lancet
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58649087166
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Blood pressure response under chronic antihypertensive drug therapy: the role of aortic stiffness in the REASON (Preterax in Regression of Arterial Stiffness in a Controlled Double-Blind) study
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This article reports that aortic stiffness is a key predictor of SBP control in response to antihypertensive medication
-
•• Protogerou A, Blacher J, Stergiou GS, et al.: Blood pressure response under chronic antihypertensive drug therapy: the role of aortic stiffness in the REASON (Preterax in Regression of Arterial Stiffness in a Controlled Double-Blind) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009, 53: 445-451. This article reports that aortic stiffness is a key predictor of SBP control in response to antihypertensive medication.
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