A survey of distributed power system AC versus DC distributed power system

2011 4th International Conference on Power Electronics Systems and Applications, PESA 2011

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Xu, C D ^a   Cheng, K W E ^a  

^a HONG KONG POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

ac distribution system; dc distribution system; dc protection; power converter; power electronics

Indexed keywords

AC POWER SYSTEMS; BASIC STRUCTURE; DC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM; DC POWER SYSTEMS; DC PROTECTION; DISTRIBUTED POWER SYSTEMS; DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS; SYSTEM INTERACTIONS;

ASYNCHRONOUS MACHINERY; POWER ELECTRONICS; POWER TRANSMISSION;

DC POWER TRANSMISSION;

EID: 80052293114     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.1109/PESA.2011.5982876     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (100)

1. B. Mammano, "Distributed power system", Proceeding of Unitrode Power Supply Design Seminar (SEM-900), 1993, PP. 1-11.
2. W. A. Tabisz, M. M. Jovanovic, F. C. Lee, "Present and future of distributed power systems", APEC 92, pp. 11-18.
3. S. Luo, and I. Batarseh, "A review of Distributed power systems Part 1: DC distributed power system", IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., Vol. 21, No. 6, Jun. 2006, pp. 5-14.
4. D. Salomonsson, "Modeling, control and protection of low-voltage dc microgrids", PhD thesis, Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, Sweden.
5. I. G. Hansen, G. R. Sundburg, " space station 20 kHz power management and distribution system", IEEE PESC'86, pp. 676-683.
6. F. S. Tsai, F. C. Lee, "Computer modeling and simulation of a 20 kHz ac distribution system for space station", Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conf. Proc., 1987, pp.338-344.
7. I. Hansen, "Status of 20 kHz space station power distribution technology", NASA Technical Memorandum 100781, 1988.
8. F. S. Tsai, F. C. Lee, "High-frequency ac power distribution in space station", IEEE Transaction on Aerospace and Electronic System, Vol. 26, No. 2, Mar. 1990, pp. 239-253.
9. C. S. Leu, M. Tullis, L. Keller, F. C. Lee, "a high frequency ac bus distributed power system", 8th Annual VPEC Power Electronics Seminar Proceedings, 1990, pp. 98-107.
10. P. K. Sood, T. A. Lipo, "Power conversion distribution system using a resonant high frequency ac link", IEEE IAS Annual Meeting Conference Proceedings, 1986, pp. 533-541.
11. J. A. Sabate, et al., "Analysis and design-optimization of LCC resonant inverter for high-frequency ac distributed power system", IEEET ransactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 42, No. 1, Feb. 1, 1995, pp. 63-70.
12. B. K. Bose, M. H. Kin, M. F. Kankam, "High frequency ac vs. dc distribution system for next generation hybrid electric vehicle", IEEE Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation, Vol. 2, 1993,pp. 1202-1213.
13. P. C. K. Luk, A. S. Y. Ng (invited article), "High frequency ac power distribution platforms", pp.175-201, Editors: R. Strzelecki, G. Benysek, published by Springer, 2008. ISBN: 978-1-84800-317-0
14. S. G. Luo, I. Batarseh, "A review of distributed power systems part2: high frequency ac distributed power systems", IEEE A&E Magazine, Vol. 21, No. 6, June. 2006, pp. 5-13. (Pubitemid 44202001)
15. A. Gentchev, D. P. Arduini, "An ac high frequency quasi square wave bus voltage for the next generation of distributed power systems", High Frequency Power conversion (HFPC) Proc., Oct. 1998, pp. 89-103.
16. G. C. Hua, W. A. Tabiz, C. S. Leu, N. Dai, R. Watson, F. C. Lee, "Development of a dc distributed power system", APEC'94, vol. 2, pp. 763-769.
17. L. R. Lewis, B. H. Cho, F. C. Lee, B. A. Carpenter, "Modeling, analysis and design of distributed power systems", PESC'89, pp. 152-159.
18. S. Schulz, B. H. Cho, F. C. Lee, "Design considerations for a distributed power system", PESC'90, pp. 611-617.
19. L. H. Mweene, C. A. Wright, "A 1 kW, 500 kHz front end converter for a distributed power supply system", IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol 6. No. 3. July 1991. pp. 398-407.
20. R. L. Steigerwald, "A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter topologies", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 1988, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.174-182.
21. J. Sabate, V. Vlatkovic, R. B. Ridley, F. C. Lee, B. H. Cho, "Design considerations for high-voltage high-power full-bridge zero-voltage-switched PWM converter", IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conf. Proc., 1990, pp. 275-284.
22. Richard Redlt, "Power factor correction in single-phase switching-mode power supplies-An overview", International Journal of Electronics, Vol, 77, No. 5, 1994, pp.555 - 582
23. P. Kornetzky, H. Wei, G. Y. Zhu, I. Batarseh, "A single-switch ac/dc converter with power factor correction", PESC '97,vol.1,pp. 527-535.
24. R. L. Steigerwald, "A comparison of half-bridge resonant converter", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1988 ,pp.174 - 182
25. Y. Panov, M. M. Jovanovic, "Design and performance evaluation of low-voltage/ high-current dc/dc on-board modules", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 16, No.1,2001,pp. 26-33. (Pubitemid 32271024)
26. W. C. Bowman, J. R. Bailey, C. W. Boettcher, M. G. etc., "A high density board mounted power module for distributed power architectures", APEC '90, pp. 43 - 54.
27. M. T. Zhang, M. M. Jovanovic, F. C. Lee, "Design considerations for low-voltage on-board dc/dc modules for next generation of data processing circuits", Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, vol.1, pp. 385 - 394.
28. X. W. Zhou, X. Z. Zhang, J. G. Liu, P. L. Wong; J. B. Chen, "Investigation of candidate VRM topology for future microprocessors", APEC '98. Vol. 1, pp. 145 - 150.
29. D. Boroyevich, I. Cvetkovic, D. Dong, R. Burgos, F. Wang, F. C. Lee, "Future electronic power distribution system- a contemplative view", OPTIM' 2010, pp. 1369 - 1380.
30. F. C. Lee, P. Barbosa, P. Xu; J. D. Zhang, B. Yang, F. Canales, "Topologies and design considerations for distributed power system applications", Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 89, No. 6, 2001, pp. 939 - 950.
31. T. H. Hsia, H. Y. Tsai, D. Chen, M. Lee, C. S. Huang, "Interleaved active-clamping converter with ZVS/ZCS features", IPEC' 2010, pp. 424 - 430.
32. B. R. Lin, J. Y. Dong, J. J. Chen, "Analysis and implementation of a ZVS/ZCS DC/DC switching converter with voltage step-up", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. PP, No. 99, 2010, pp. 1-10. in publishing
33. J. J. Chen, B. R. Lin, "Analysis of ZVS/ZCS soft-switching dual-resonant converter", PEDS' 2009, pp. 411 - 416.
34. R. Haghi, M. R. Zolghadri, R. Beiranvand, "A novel zero-voltage transition bridgeless PFC with reduced conduction losses," PEDSTC' 2011, pp. 587 - 592.
35. E. de Jodar, J. A.Villarejo, J.J imenez, M. Moreno, "Current sharing in multiphase ZVT boost converter", ECCE' 2010, 2010, pp.3022 -3029
36. W. Li, X. He, "ZVT interleaved boost converters for high efficiency high step-up dc-dc conversion", IET Electric Power Applications, Vo. 1, No. 2, 2007, pp. 284 - 290. (Pubitemid 46516405)
37. C. Y. Wang, M. Xu; F. C. Lee, "Asymmetrical interleaving strategy for multi-channel PFC", APEC' 2008, pp. 1409-1415.
38. D.D.C. Lu, "Interleaved-Output Method to Reduce Voltage Stress in Single-Stage AC/DC Power-Factor-Corrected Power Supplies", Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC), December 2006, Melbourne, Australia.
39. K. Siri, M. Willhoff, "Current sharing among parallel-connected systems of active power factor correction", AERO' 2010,pp. 1-9.
40. J. Lago, M. Heldwein, "Operation and control oriented modeling of a power converter for current balancing and stability improvement of dc active distribution networks", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. PP, No. 99. in publishing.
41. M. N. Marwali, A. Keyhani, "Control of distributed generation systems-part 1: voltages and current controls", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, No. 6, Nov. 2004,pp. 1541-1550.
42. M. N. Marwali, J. W. Jung, A. Keyhani, "Control of distributed generation systems-part 2: load sharing controls", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, No. 6, 2004, pp. 1551-1561.
43. M. Rico, J. Uceda, J. Sebastian, F. Aldana, "Static and dynamic modeling of tapped-inductor dc-dc converter", PESC'87,pp.281-288.
44. R. Lenk, "Introduction to the tapped buck converters", HFPC 2000 Rec., pp. 155-166.
45. K. W. E. Cheng, "Tapped inductor for switched-mode powerconverters", ICPESA '06. pp. 14-20.
46. K. W. E. Cheng, "Overview of the dc power conversion and distribution", Asian power electronics journal, Oct. 2008, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 75-82.
47. X. Zhou, P. Wong, R. Watson, L. Amoroso, etc., "Investigation of power management issues for next generation microprocessors", The Virginia Power Electronics Center's VRM Consortium Quarterly Progress Report,April, 1998.
48. Y. Panov, M. M. Jovanovic, "Design and performance evaluation of low voltage/ high current dc/dc on board modules", Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Vol. 16, No. 1,pp. 26-33.
49. X. W.i Zhou, B. Yang; L. Amoroso, F. C. Lee, P. L. Wong, "A novel high-input-voltage, high frequency and fast transient voltage regulator modules: the push-pull forward converters" APEC '99, Vol. 1, pp. 279-283.
50. P. Xu, F. C. Lee, "Design of high-input voltage regulator modules with a novel integrated magnetic", APEC 2001, Vol. 1 pp. 262 - 267. (Pubitemid 32327396)
51. R. D. Middlebrook, "Input filter considerations in design and application of switching regulators", Conference Records of IEEE/IAS Society Annul Meeting, 1976, Chicago, pp. 91-107.
52. B. H. Cho, B. Choi, "Analysis and design of multi-stage distributed power systems", INTELEC '91, pp. 220-226.
53. C. M. Wildrick, F. C. Lee, B. H. Cho,; B. Choi, "A method of defining the load impedance specification for a stable distributed power system", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vo. 10, No. 3, 1995, pp. 280 - 285.
54. X. G. Feng, Z. H. Ye, K. Xing, F.C.Lee, D. Borojevic, "Impedance specification and improvement for dc distributed power system", PESC 99, Vol. 2, pp. 889 - 894.
55. X. G. Feng, C. R Liu; Z. H. Ye; F. C. Lee, D. Borojevic, "Monitoring the stability of dc distributed power systems", IECON '99 Vol. 1, pp. 367 - 372.
56. X. G. Feng; J. J Liu, F. C. Lee, "Impedance specifications for stable dc distributed power system", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 157-162.
57. J. J. Liu; X. G. Feng, F. C. Lee, D. Borojevich, " stability margin monitoring for dc distribution power systems via perturbation approaches", APEC' 2001, Vol. 2 pp.745-751. (Pubitemid 32327276)
58. S. Abe, T. Ninomiya, M. Hirokawa, T. Zaitsu, "stability design consideration for on-board distributed power system consisting of full-regulated bus converter and POLs", PESC '06,pp. 1-5.
59. S. Abe, M. Hirokawa, T. Zaitsu, T. Ninomiya, "study of stabilization design for on-board distributed power architecture", EPE-PEMC' 2006, pp. 636-640.
60. S. Abe, M. Hirokawa, T. Ninomiya, "Optimal design of bus converter in on-board distributed power architecture", ICPE '07, pp. 252-256.
61. S. Abe, M. Hirokawa, M. Shoyama, T. Ninomiya, "Optimal bus capacitance design for system stability in on-board distributed power architecture
62. D. Boroyevich, R. Burgos, L. Arnedo, F. Wang, "Synthesis and integration of future electronic power distribution systems", PCC '07, pp. 1-8.
63. X. G. Feng, Z. H. Ye, C. R. Liu, R. Zhang, F. C. Lee, D. Boroyevich, "Fault diction in dc distributed power systems based on impedance characteristics of modules", IEEE Industry Applications Conference, Vol. 4, 2000, pp. 2455-2462. (Pubitemid 32031950)
64. Y. h. Luo, S. b. Kang, J. You, B. Fu, "The input characteristic and stability analysis of power converter in distribution power systems", ICIA' 2010, pp. 1280-1283.
65. J. Wang, D. Howe, "A power shaping stabilizing control strategy for dc power systems with constant power loads", VPPC' 2007, pp. 20-25.
66. A. Berizzi, F. Castelli Dezza, S. Massucco, A. Silvestri, and D. Zaninelli, "Evaluation of international standards for short-circuit calculations: a comparative analysis supported by simulation tests", 5th Int. Symp. Short-Circuit Currents in Power Systems, 1992.
67. A. Berizzi, S. Massucco, A. Silvestri, and D. Zaninelli, "Short-circuits current calculations for dc systems", IEEE Trans. Ind. Applicat., Vol. 32, 1996, pp.990-997.
68. "Short-circuit current evaluation with special regard to rated short-circuit capacity of circuit breakers in installations in ships",IEC 363-1972
69. A. Berizzi, A. Silvestri, D. Zaninelli, S. Massucco, "Evaluation of IEC draft standard through dynamic simulation of short-circuit currents in dc systems", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 34, No. 1, Feb 1998, pp. 12-22. (Pubitemid 128739691)
70. J. S. Morton, "Circuit breaker and protection requirements for dc switchgear used in rapid transit systems", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. IA-21, No. 5, 1985,pp. 1268-273.
71. P. M. McEwan, S. B. Tennakoon, "A two stage dc thyristor circuit breaker", APEC '95, Vol.2, No. 0, pp. 935-940
72. J. M. Meyer, A. Rufer, "A dc hybrid circuit breaker with ultra-fast contact opening and integrated gate-commutated thyristors (IGCTs)", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2006, pp. 646-651.
73. L. X. Tang; B. T. Ooi, "Locating and isolating dc faults in multi-terminal dc systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. 3, 2007, pp. 1877-1884.
74. M. E. Baran; N. R. Mahajan, "Overcurrent protection on voltage-source-converter based multiterminal dc distribution systems", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vo. 22, No. 1, 2007, pp. 406 - 412. (Pubitemid 46562684)
75. E. Cinieri, A. Fumi, V. Salvatori, C. Spalvieri, "A new high-speed digital relay for the 3-kV dc electrical railway lines", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 22, No. 4, 2007, pp. 2262-2270. (Pubitemid 47542798)
76. F. Luo; J. Chen; X. H. Lin; Y. Kang; S. X. Duan, "A novel solid state fault current limiter for dc power distribution network",APEC' 2008,pp. 1284-1289.
77. B. Tadatoshi, T. Toshimitsu, A. Kaoru, Nozaki, Yousuke; K. Fujio, "Development of power distribution cabinet for higher-voltage direct-current power feeding system", TNTELEC' 2010,pp. 1-5.
78. D. Salomonsson, L. Soder, A.Sannino, "Protection of low voltage dc microgrids", IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 24, No. 3, 2009, pp. 1045-1053.
79. A. B. Morton, I. M. Y. Mareels, "The prospects for dc power distribution in buildings", AUPEC'99.
80. H. Pang; E. Lo, B. Pong, "Dc electrical distribution systems in buildings", ICPESA '06, pp. 115-119.
81. H. PANG, B. M. H. PONG, E. W. C. LO, "A practical and efficient dc distribution system for commercial and residential applications-240v or higher?", The international Conference on Electrical Engineering 2008, pp. 1-4.
82. K. Engelen, J, Dridsen, et al., "Small-scale residential dc distribution systems", 3rd IEEE Benelux Young Reasearchers Symposium in Electrical Power Engineering, Ghent(2006-4),pp. 1-7.
83. P. Pertti, K. Tero, P. Jarmo, "Dc supply of low voltage electricity appliances in residential buildings", CIRED' 2009,pp. 1-4.
84. E. C. W. de Jong, P. T. M. Vaessen, "Dc power distribution for server farms", Leonard Energy, (2007-9).
85. D. McGrogan, "The potential of 24-volt dc power distribution in data centers", www.cs.berkeley.edu/~dpmcgrog/power/dmwpaper.pdf.
86. "Dc power distribution cuts data center energy use", California Energy Commission's Public Interest Energy Research Program Technical Brief, http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/datacenters/CEC-TB-40.pdf
87. M. Ton, B. Fortenberry, and W. Tschudi, "DC power for improved data centre efficiency", Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories' Report. March 2008. Available at http://hightech.lbl.gov/documents/DATACENTERS/ DCDemoFinalReport.pdf
88. E. Borioli, M. Brenna, R. Faranda, G. Simioli, "A comparison between the electrical capabilities of the cables used in LV AC and dc power lines", 11th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, Sept. 2004, pp. 408-413. (Pubitemid 40739674)
89. N. Rasmussen, "Ac vs. dc power distribution for data centers" APC White paper 63 #,2006, http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/SADE-5TNRLGR5EN. pdf
90. N. Rasmussen, J. Spitaels, "A quantitative comparison of high efficiency ac vs. dc power distribution for data centers", APC white paper 127 #, 2006
91. N. Rasmussen, "High efficiency ac power distribution for data centers", APC White paper 128 #, 2006, http://www.apcmedia.com/salestools/ NRAN-6CN8PKR2EN.pdf
92. A. Pratt, P. Kumar, T. V. Aldridge, "Evaluation of 400V dc distribution in telco and data centers to improve energy efficiency", INTELEC' 2007, pp. 32-39.
93. D. J. Hammerstrom, "Ac versus dc distribution systems-did we get it right?", PES' 2007, pp. 1-5.
94. A powerful debate: ac vs. dc distribution http://www.merchantcircle.com/ blogs/Advanced.Resource. Communications.-.ARC.ProTech.303-532-7982/2009/1/A- powerful-debate-AC-vs.-DC-distribution-/161725
95. J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewica, etc., "Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: a survey", IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 53, No. 4, August 2006, pp.1002-1016 (Pubitemid 44263711)
96. F. Wang, Y. Pei, D. Boroyevich, R. Burgos, K. Ngo, "Ac vs. dc distribution for off-shore power delivery", 34th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics, Nov. 2008, pp. 2113-2118.
97. M. Starke, L. M. Tolbert, B. Ozpineci, "Ac vs. dc distribution: a loss comparison", IEEE/ PES Transmission and Distribution conference and Exposition, 2008, pp. 1-7
98. M. Starke, F. X. Li, L. M. Tolbert, B. Ozpineci, "Ac vs. dc distribution: maximum transfer capability", Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, 2008 IEEE, 2008, pp. 1-6.
99. V. Sithmolada, P. W. Sauer, "Facility-level dc vs. typical ac distribution for data centers", TENCON 2010, Nov. 2010, pp. 2102-2107.
100. K.W.E. Cheng and P.D. Evans, "Calculation of winding losses in high frequency toroidal inductors using multi-strand conductors", IEE Proceedings-Electr. Power Appl., Vol. 142, No. 5, 1995, pp. 313-322.