High doses of epoetin do not lower mortality and cardiovascular risk among elderly hemodialysis patients with diabetes

Kidney International

Volumn 80, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 663-669

  Zhang, Yi ^a   Thamer, Mae ^a   Kaufman, James S ^b   Cotter, Dennis J ^a   Hernán, Miguel A ^c  

^a Medical Technology and Practice Patterns Institute   (United States)

^b VA BOSTON HEALTHCARE SYSTEM   (United States)

^c HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular outcomes; diabetes; epoetin; hemodialysis; marginal structural modeling; mortality

Indexed keywords

RECOMBINANT ERYTHROPOIETIN;

AGED; ARTICLE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUSE OF DEATH; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG MEGADOSE; FEMALE; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION;

EID: 80052262012     PISSN: 00852538     EISSN: 15231755     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/ki.2011.188     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Singh AK, Szczech L, Tang KL et al. CHOIR Investigators. Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2085-2098. (Pubitemid 44749317)
2. Drüeke TB, Locatelli F, Clyne N et al. CREATE Investigators. Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia. N Engl J Med 2006; 355: 2071-2084. (Pubitemid 44749316)
3. Zhang Y, Thamer M, Stefanik K et al. Epoetin requirements predict mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44: 866-876. (Pubitemid 39445919)
4. Zhang Y, Thamer M, Cotter D et al. Estimated effect of epoetin dosage on survival among elderly hemodialysis patients in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4: 638-644.
5. Khoshdel A, Carney S, Gillies A et al. Potential roles of erythropoietin in the management of anaemia and other complications diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2008; 10: 1-9. (Pubitemid 350302427)
6. Vlagopoulos PT, Tighiouart H, Weiner DE et al. Anemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in diabetes: the impact of chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2005; 16: 3403-3410. (Pubitemid 46179344)
7. Tong PCY, Kong APS, So W-Y et al. Hematocrit, independent of chronic kidney disease, predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 2439-2444. (Pubitemid 44912249)
8. US Renal Data System. Excerpts from the United States Renal Data System 2005 Annual Data Report. Am J Kidney Dis 2006; 47(Suppl 1): S1.
9. Pfeffer M, Burdmann EA, Cooper DE et al. A trial of darbepoetin-alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1-14.
10. Solomon SD, Uno H, Lewis EF et al. Trial to Reduce Cardiovascular Events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT) Investigators. Erythropoietic response and outcomes in kidney disease and type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1146-1155.
11. Besarab A, Bolton WK, Browne JK et al. The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 584-590. (Pubitemid 28385655)
12. Szczech LA, Barnhart HX, Sapp S et al. A secondary analysis of CHOIR shows that comorbid conditions differentially affect outcomes during anemia treatment. Kidney Int 2010; 77: 239-246.
13. Vaziri ND. Cardiovascular effects of erythropoietin and anemia correction. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2001; 10: 633-637. (Pubitemid 32783813)
14. Sasaki N, Ando Y, Kusano E et al. A case of erythropoietin induced hypertension in a bilaterally nephrectomized patient. ASAIO J 2003; 49: 131-135. (Pubitemid 36105593)
15. Sunder-Plassmann G, Horl WH. Effect of erythropoietin on cardiovascular diseases. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38(4 Suppl 1): S20-S25. (Pubitemid 32927606)
16. Suh DC, Kim CM, Choi IS et al. Trends in blood pressure control and treatment among type 2 diabetes with comorbid hypertension in the United States: 1988-2004. J Hypertens 2009; 27: 1908-1916.
17. Bradbury BD, Do TP, Winkelmayer WC et al. Greater epoetin alfa (EPO) doses and short-term mortality risk among hemodialysis patients with hemoglobin levels less than 11 g/dl. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18: 932-940.
18. Zhang Y, Thamer M, Stefanik K et al. Epoetin requirements predict mortality in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44: 866-876. (Pubitemid 39445919)
19. Zhang Y, Thamer M, Cotter D et al. The estimated effect of epoetin dose on survival among elderly hemodialysis patients in the United States. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4: 638-644.
20. Szczech LA, Barnhart HX, Sapp S et al. A secondary analysis of CHOIR shows that comorbid conditions differentially affect outcomes during anemia treatment. Kidney Int 2010; 77: 239-246.
21. Wang O, Kilpatrich RD, Critchlow CW et al. Relationship between epoetin alfa dose and mortality: findings from a marginal structural model. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 5: 182-188.
22. US Renal Data System. USRDS 2007 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-stage Renal Disease in the United States. National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease: Bethesda, MD, 2007: 221.
23. Henke M, Laszig R, Rube C et al. Erythropoietin to treat head and neck cancer patients with anemia undergoing radiotherapy. Lancet 2003; 362: 1255-1260.
24. Leyland-Jones B, BEST investigators. Breast cancer trial with erythropoietin terminated unexpectedly. Lancet 2003; 4: 459-460 http://oncology.thelancet.com. (Pubitemid 37009952)
25. Ifudu O, Mathew JJ, Mayers JD et al. Severity of AIDS and response to epoetin in uremia. Am J Kidney Dis 1997; 30: 28-35. (Pubitemid 27284371)
26. Hernán MA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Robins JM. A structural approach to selection bias. Epidemiology 2004; 15: 615-625. (Pubitemid 40416916)
27. Robins JM, Hernán MA, Brumback B. Marginal structural models and causal inference in epidemiology. Epidemiology 2000; 11: 550-560. (Pubitemid 30660034)
28. Thamer M, Zhang Y, Kaufman J et al. Dialysis facility ownership and epoetin dosing in patients receiving hemodialysis. JAMA 2007; 297: 1667-1674. (Pubitemid 46631625)