In situ preservation: 'The preferred option'

Museum International

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 31-41

  Manders, Martijn ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 80052132371     PISSN: 13500775     EISSN: 14682249     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0033.2008.00663.x     Document Type: Article

References (18)

1. See also M. Manders, 'Why do we Safeguard Shipwrecks?' MoSS Newsletter, 3, Stockholm: The National Board of Antiquities, 2004, pp. 4-6.
2. Monitoring, Safeguarding and Visualizing North European Shipwreck Sites (MoSS) is a European project funded by Culture 2000. Its objective is to ensure the monitoring of the state of wrecks and their environment. See http://www.mossproject.com.
3. Preserving cultural heritage by preventing bacterial decay of wood in foundation piles and archaeological sites (BACPOLES) was an EU-funded project financed through the 5th Framework programme which ended in 2005. See http://www.bacpoles.nl.
4. The Culture 2000 programme project MACHU, funded by the EU, aims to standardize the way assessments are being deployed through the development of general formats. Underwater sites are investigated more or less according to the same standards and are made accessible through web-based GIS. See http://www.machuproject.eu.
5. See for example M. Sandström, Y. Fors and I. Persson, 'The Vasa's New Battle. Sulphur, Acid and Iron', Vasa Studies, 19, 2003, Stockholm: Swedish National Maritime Museum.
6. These points are all discussed in the rules concerning activities directed at underwater cultural heritage found in the Annex to the UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (Paris, 2001), http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/underwater.
7. The Tudor ship the Mary Rose sank in the Solent near Portsmouth in 1545, was excavated in the early 1980s, and then lifted from the seabed in 1982. Sixty million spectators worldwide watched this event on television. Since then, the vessel has moved to the Naval Dockyards in Portsmouth, where 4 million people have visited the ship's hull, presently undergoing conservation, and its artefacts, which are on display in the adjoining museum. See http://www.maryrose.org.
8. The Swedish flagship Vasa sank near Stockholm on its maiden voyage in 1628 and was lifted to the surface in 1961. In 1962 a temporary museum was constructed for the ship and its artefacts. A permanent museum was inaugurated in 1992. See http://www.vasamuseet.se.
9. The UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage (Information Kit on the Promotion of the Convention), Paris, p. 8.
10. The NOB (Nederlandse Onderwatersport Bond) is the Netherlands' largest sports diving community with 20,000 members. It is estimated that there are approximately 1.2 million (± 15 per cent) sports divers active in the United States. See http://www.undercurrent.org.
11. See http://www.nasportsmouth.uk.
12. See http://www.seawaytrail.com.
13. One initiative in the field of dive tourism in relation to cultural heritage is the seaway trail, which enables diving around the Great Lakes of the United States. See http://www.seawaytrail.com.
14. GPS positioning for archaeological sites is available for cities such as (among many others) Split and Nice. There is a GPS heritage trail in the Archaeology Park of Malange in Belgium. See also http://www.archeopass.be.
15. The same kind of idea has been executed at the Guaranguao Reef Cannons Preserve in the Dominican Republic. For more information see http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/underwater.
16. For an exhibition about the Hoorn, a Dutch ship lost in Patagonia, Argentina, a transparent 'floating' 3D projection lent the entire display an almost mystical atmosphere. See also http://www.zoektochtnaardehoorn.nl.
17. For the exhibition 'Emmers vol verhalen' (Buckets full of stories), smells were added to create a maritime atmosphere. See http:// www.machuproject.eu.
18. MACHU, which presents web sites from seven different European countries, receives approximately 1,000 visitors per month. For other websites with virtual maritime archaeological projects, see http://ina.tamu.edu/vm.htm.