Disposable vs reusable electro cardiography leads in development of and cross-contamination by resistant bacteria

Critical Care Nurse

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 62-68

  Brown, Donna Quinton ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ARTICLE; CROSS INFECTION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT; ECONOMICS; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTRODE; EQUIPMENT; HUMAN; INFECTION CONTROL; INSTRUMENTATION; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; METHODOLOGY; MICROBIOLOGY; NURSING; RECYCLING;

CROSS INFECTION; DISPOSABLE EQUIPMENT; DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTRODES; EQUIPMENT CONTAMINATION; EQUIPMENT REUSE; HUMANS; INFECTION CONTROL; INTENSIVE CARE UNITS;

EID: 80052122830     PISSN: 02795442     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4037/ccn2011874     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Hess W, Finck W. Real-time infection protection: using real-time surveillance data, payers and providers are averting infection, saving lives and reaping benefits. Healthc Inform. 2007;24(8):63-64.
2. United States Senate. Deficit Reduction Act of 2005. Conference agreement, as amended and passed by the Senate on December 21, 2005. http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/70xx/doc7028/s1932conf.pdf. Accessed February 2, 2011.
3. Trivedi TH, Sabnis GR. Superbugs in ICU: is there any hope for solution? J Assoc Physcians India. 2009;57:623-625.
4. Giamarellou H, Kanellakopoulou K. Current therapies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crit Care Clin. 2008;24:261-278.
5. Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council. Hospital-acquired infections in Pennsylvania: data reporting period January 1, 2005-December 31, 2005. http://www.phc4.org/reports/hai/05/docs/hai2005report.pdf. Published November 2006. Accessed January 17, 2011.
6. Mardani M. Worldwide attention to resistant bacteria. Iranian J Clin Infect Dis. 2009; 4(1):1-2.
7. Levy SB, Marshall B. Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses. Nat Med. 2004;10(12 suppl):S122-S129.
8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC urges hospitals and healthcare facilities to increase efforts to reduce drug-resistant infections. http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/r061019.htm?s_cid=mediarel_r061019. Published October 19, 2006. Accessed February 2, 2011.
9. Todar K. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In: Todar's Online Textbook of Bacteriology. http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/resantimicrobial.html. Published 2008. Accessed January 17, 2011.
10. Pyrek KM. Zero tolerance for infections: a winning strategy. Inf Control Today. http://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/articles/zero-tolerance.html. Published January 24, 2008. Accessed January 18, 2011.
11. Barnett TE. The not-so-hidden cost of surgical site infections. AORN J. 2007;86(2): 249-258.
12. Brown DQ. Electrocardiography wires: a potential source of infection. AACN News. 2006;23(9):12-15.
13. Maki DG, Brookmeyer PR. A survey of EKG telemetry harnesses as a reservoir of resistant nosocomial pathogens. In: Abstracts of the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2003. Abstract K-746.
14. Ghandi H, Sharma S, Gilski D, Beveridge R, Patel P. Investigating electrocardiography lead wires as a reservoir for antibioticresistant pathogens [abstract 186]. Circulation. 2008;117(21):e454.
15. Albert NM, Hancock K, Krajewski S, et al. Multicenter study on reused ECG wires: are monitored patients at risk for nosocomial infections [slides]? http://www.aacn.org/WD/NTISpeakerMats/PosterPresentations/00040270/00040 270.swf. Accessed January 18, 2011.
16. Albert NM. Multicenter study on reused ECG wires: are monitored patients at risk for nosocomial infections [research poster]? http://www.aacn.org/wd/nti2009/nti_cd/data/posters/reposter.htm#RES29. Published 2009. Accessed January 18, 2011.
17. Moellering RC Jr, Graybill JR, McGowan JE Jr, Corey L. American Society for Microbiology. Antimicrobial resistance prevention initiative-an update: proceedings of an expert panel on resistance. Am J Infect Control. 2007;35(9):S1-S23.
18. Carson RT, Larson E, Levy SB, Marshall BM, Aiello AE. Use of antibacterial consumer products containing quaternary ammonium compounds and drug resistance in the community. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(5): 1160-1162.
19. American National Standards Institute/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation. AAMI Standards and Recommended Practices ES60601-1-2005. Arlington, VA: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation; 2005: section 4.3.1.
20. Maillard JY. Bacterial resistance to biocides in the healthcare environment: should it be of genuine concern [published correction in J Hosp Infect. 2007;67(1):108]? J Hosp Infect. 2007;65(suppl 2):60-72.
21. Ballantyne C. Strange but true: antibacterial products may do more harm than good. Sci Am. June 7, 2007;35:9.
22. Purves WK, Sadava D, Orians GH, Hillis DM. Life, the Science of Biology. 8th ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Assoc Inc and Freeman Co; 2006:264.
23. Nakahara H, Kozukue H. Isolation of chlorhexidine-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from clinical lesions. J Clin Microbiol. 1982;15(1):166-168.
24. Brooks SE, Walczak MA, Hameed R, Coonan P. Chlorhexidine resistance in antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from the surfaces of dispensers of soap containing chlorhexidine. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2002;23(11):692-695.
25. Yamamoto T, Tamura Y, Yokota T. Antiseptic and antibiotic resistance plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus that possesses ability to confer chlorhexidine and acrinol resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988; 32(6):932-935.
26. Britigan BE. VRE + MRSA can = VRSA. J Watch Infect Dis. April 25, 2003.
27. Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Baldassarri L, An YH, Arciola CR. Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical isolates from implant orthopedic infections. Int J Artif Organs. 2005;28(11):1186-1191.
28. Naiemi NA, Duim B, Savelkoul PHM, et al. Widespread transfer of resistance genes between bacterial species in an intensive care unit: implications for hospital epidemiology. J Clin Microbiol. 2005;43(9): 4862-4864.
29. Weaver KE, Rice LB, Churchward G. Plasmids and transposons. In: Gilmore MS, Clewell D, Courvalin P, Dunny G, Murray B, Rice L, eds. The Enterococci: Pathogenesis, Molecular Biology, and Antibiotic Resistance. Washington, DC: ASM Press; 2002:219-264.
30. Courvalin P. Transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between gram-positive and gramnegative bacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38(7):1447-1451.
31. Falk PS, Winnike J, Woodmansee C, Desai M, Mayhall CG. Outbreak of vancomycinresistant enterococci in a burn unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000;21(9:575-582.
32. Kampf G, Kramer A, Chemie B. Epidemiologic background of hand hygiene and evaluation of the most important agents for scrubs and rubs. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17(4):863-893.
33. Huang SS, Datta R, Platt R. Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166: 1945-1951.
34. Furtado D. Health-care associated infection in hospitals. Poster presented at the 35th American Association of Critical Care Nurses National Teaching Institute; May 3-8, 2008; Chicago, IL.
35. Disposable ECG/EKG leadwires. Advantage Medical Cables and Electronics Inc Web site. http://www.advantagemed.com/index.php?page=products&cat=leadwire &subcat=dispose. Accessed January 18, 2011.
36. Kendall DL. disposable cable and lead wire system. Covidien Web site. http://www.kendall-ltp.com/Kendall-LTP/pageBuilder.aspx?topicID=174367 &breadcrumbs= 143512:0. Accessed January 18, 2011.
37. OnePatient disposable ECG lead wires. Curbell Electronics Web site. http://www.curbellelectronics.com/disposable_ecg_leads.html. Accessed January 18, 2011.
38. LifeSync disposable leadwear. LifeSync Corp Web site. http://www.lifesynccorp.com/products/leadwear.html. Accessed January 18, 2011.
39. LifeSync system's user manual. LifeSync Corp Web site. http://www.lifesynccorp.com/assets/pdfs/reference/UserManual.pdf.
40. Disposable Electrode Lead Sets. Philips Web site. http://www.healthcare.philips.com/in/products/supplies/products/electrod e_leadsets/index.wpd.