Granites really are magmatic: Using microstructural evidence to refute some obstinate hypotheses

Journal of the Virtual Explorer

Volumn 35, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Vernon, Ron H ^a  

^a MACQUARIE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052074738     PISSN: 14418126     EISSN: 14418142     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3809/jvirtex.2011.00264     Document Type: Article

References (176)

1. Anderson, A.L. (1934) Contact phenomena associated with the Cassia batholith. Idaho Journal of Geology 42: 376-392. 10.1086/624175
2. Annen, C., Blundy, J.D. & Sparks, R.S.J. (2006) The genesis of intermediate and silicic magmas in deep crustal hot zones. Journal of Petrology 47: 505-539. 10.1093/petrology/egi084
3. Annen, C., Blundy, J.D. & Sparks, R.S.J. (2008) The sources of granitic melt in deep hot zones. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 97: 297-309.
4. Bachmann, O. & Dungan, M.A. (2002) Temperature-induced Alzoning in hornblendes of the Fish Canyon magma, Colorado. American Mineralogist 87: 1062-1076.
5. Baronnet, A. (1982) Ostwald ripening in solution. The case of calcite and mica. Estudios geológicos 38: 185-198.
6. Bartley, J.M., Wohletz, K., Coleman, D.S. & Glazner, A.F. (2004) Thermal modeling of large composite plutons. EOS (Transactions of the American Geophysical Union) 85: 1935.
7. Barton, M., Varekamp, J.C. & Van Bergen, M.J. (1982) Complex zoning of clinopyroxenes in the lavas of Vulsini, Latium. Italy: Evidence for magma mixing. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 14: 361-388. 10.1016/0377-0273(82)90070-1
8. Bateman, P.C., Clark, L.D., Huber, N.K., Moore, J.G. & Rinehart, C.D. (1963) The Sierra Nevada Batholith-a synthesis of recent work across the central part. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 414-D: D1-D46.
9. Bindeman, I.N. (2003) Crystal sizes in evolving silicic magma chambers. Geology 31: 367-370. 10.1130/0091-7613(2003)031<0367:CSIESM>2.0.CO;2
10. Boesen, R.S. (1964) The clinopyroxenes of a monzonitic complex at Mount Dromedary, New South Wales, Australia. American Mineralogist 49: 1435-1437.
11. Bons, P.D. (2007) From leucosome to magma chamber-just a matter of scale? In: Miller, J.A. & Kisters, A.F.M. (eds): Origin of Granites and Related Rocks. Sixth International Hutton Symposium, Stellenbosch: Universiteit Stellenbosch, pp. 53-54.
12. Bons, P.D., Arnold, J., Elburg, M.A., Kalda, J., Soesoo, A. & van Milligen, B.P. (2004) Melt extraction and accumulation from partially molten rocks. Lithos 78: 25-42. 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.04.041
13. Bons, P.D., Becker, J.K., Elburg, M.A. & Urtson, K. (2008) Granite formation: stepwise accumulation of melt or connected networks? Stellenbosch Hutton Conference Special Issue, in press.
14. Boone, G.M. (1962) Potassic feldspar enrichment in magma: origin of syenite in Deboullie district, northern Maine. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 73: 1451-1476.10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[1451:PFEIMO]2.0.CO;2
15. Bottinga, Y., Kudo, A. & Weill, D. (1966) Some observations on oscillatory zoning and crystallization of magmatic plagioclase. American Mineralogist 51: 792-806.
16. Boundy, T.M., Donohue, C.L., Essene, E.J., Mezger, K. & Austrheim, H. (2002) Discovery of eclogite facies carbonate rocks from the Låndas Nappe, Caledonides, Norway. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 20: 649-667. 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2002.00396.x
17. Boyd, F.R. & Smith, D. (1971) Compositional zoning in pyroxenes from lunar rock 12021, Oceanus Procellarum. Journal of Petrology 12: 439-464.
18. Brigham, R.H. (1984) K-feldspar Genesis and Stable Isotope Relations of the Papoose Flat Pluton, Inyo Mountains, California. Unpublished PhD thesis, Stanford University.
19. Budworth, D.W. (1970) The selection of grain-growth control additives for the sintering of ceramics. Mineralogical Magazine 37: 833-838. 10.1180/minmag.1970.037.291.08
20. Burger, P.V., Shearer, C.K. & Papike, J.J. (2009) The multistage cooling history of lunar meteorite NWA 032 as recorded by phenocrystic olivine and pyroxene. Fortieth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, p. 2043.
21. Büttner, S.H. (2005) Deformation-controlled cation diffusion in compositionally zoned tourmaline. Mineralogial Magazine 69: 471-89.
22. Cabane, H., Laporte, D. & Provost, A. (2001) Experimental investigation of the kinetics of Ostwald ripening of quartz in silicic melts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 142: 361-373. 10.1007/s004100100296
23. Carlson, W.D. (1999) The case against Ostwald ripening of porphyroblasts. Canadian Mineralogist, 37: 403-413.
24. Carlson, W.D. (2000) The case against Ostwald ripening of porphyroblasts: reply. Canadian Mineralogist 38: 1029-1031. 10.2113/gscanmin.38.4.1029
25. Chappell, B.W. (1984) Source rocks of I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeastern Australia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A310: 693-707.
26. Chappell, B.W. (2004) Towards a unified model for granite genesis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 95: 1-10. 10.1017/S0263593300000870
27. Chappell, B.W. & White, A.J.R. (1974) Two contrasting granitic types. Pacific Geology 8: 173-174.
28. Chappell, B.W. & White, A.J.R. (1976) Plutonic rocks of the Lachlan Mobile Zone. 25th International Geological Congress, Excursion Guide 13C.
29. Chappell, B.W. & White, A.J.R. 1991: Restite enclaves and the restite model. In: Barbarin, B. & Didier, J. (eds): Enclaves and Granite Petrology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 375-381.
30. Chappell, B.W., White, A.J.R. & Wyborn, D. (1987) The importance of residual source material (restite) in granite petrogenesis. Journal of Petrology 28: 1111-1138.
31. Chappell, B.W., White, A.J.R. & Wyborn, D. (1993) The Cowra Granodiorite and its enclaves. Excursion Guide, IAVCEI (Canberra). Australian Geological Survey Organization Record 67.
32. Chappell, B.W., White, A.J.R., Williams, I.S., Wyborn, D. & Wyborn, L.A.I. (2000) Lachlan Fold Belt granites revisited: high- and low-temperature granites and their implications. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47: 123-138. 10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00766.x
33. Chappell, B.W. & Wyborn, D. (2004) Cumulate and cumulative granites and associated rocks. Resource Geology 54: 227-240. 10.1111/j.1751-3928.2004.tb00204.x
34. Charlier, B.L.A., Wilson, C.J.N., Lowenstern, J.B., Blake, S., Van Calsteren, P.W. & Davidson, J.P. (2005) Magma generation at a large, hyperactive silicic Volcano (Taupo, New Zealand) revealed by U-Th and U-Pb systematics in zircons. Journal of Petrology 46: 3-32. 10.1093/petrology/egh060
35. Clark, A.H., Pearce, T.H., Roeder, P.L. & Wolfson, I. (1986) Oscillatory zoning and other microstructures in magmatic olivine and augite: Nomarski interference contrast observations on etched polished surfaces. American Mineralogist 71: 734-741.
36. Clarke, D.B. & Clarke, G.K.C. (1998) Layered granodiorites at Chebutco Head, South Mountain batholith, Nova Scotia. Journal of Structural Geology 20: 1305-324. 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00067-4
37. Clechenko, C.C. & Valley, J.W. (2003) Oscillatory zoning in garnet from the Willsboro Wollastonite Skarn, Adirondack Mts, New York: a record of shallow hydrothermal processes preserved in a granulite facies terrane. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21: 771-784. 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00478.x
38. Clemens, J.D., Petford, N. & Mawer, C.K. (1997) Ascent mechanisms of granitic magmas: causes and consequences. In: Holness, M.B. (ed.): Deformation enhanced Fluid Transport in the Earth's Crust and Mantle. Mineralogical Society Series 8, Chapman and Hall, London, 145-172.
39. Clemens, J.D. & Wall, V.J. (1981) Origin and crystallization of some peraluminous (S-type) granitic magmas. Canadian Mineralogist 19: 111-131.
40. Collins, W.J., Wiebe, R.A., Healy, B. & Richards, S.W. (2006) Replenishment, crystal accumulation and floor aggradation in the megacrystic Kameruka Suite, Australia. Journal of Petrology 47: 2073-2104. 10.1093/petrology/egl037
41. Coleman, D.S., Bartley, J.M., Glazner, A.F. & Law, R.D. (2005) Incremental assembly and emplacement of Mesozoic plutons in the Sierra Nevada and White and Inyo Ranges, California. Geological Society of America Field Forum Field Trip Guide (Rethinking the Assembly and Evolution of Plutons: Field Tests and Perspectives, 7-14 October, 2005), 10.1130/2005.MCBFYT.FFG
42. Davidson, J.P., Morgan, D.J. & Charlier, B.L.A. (2007) Isotopic microsampling of magmatic rocks. Elements 3: 253-259. 10.2113/gselements.3.4.253
43. Davidson, J.P., Tepley, F.J. & Knesel, K.M. (1998) Crystal isotope stratigraphy; a method for constraining magma differentiation pathways. EOS: Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 79: 185, 189, 193. 10.1029/98EO00135
44. Dempster, T.J., Jolivet, M., Tubrett, M.N. & Braithwaite, C.J.R. (2003) Magmatic zoning in apatite: a monitor of porosity and permeability change in granites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 145: 568-577.
45. D'Lemos, R.S., Kearsley, A.T., Pembroke, J.W., Watt, G.R. & Wright, P. (1997) Complex quartz growth histories in granite revealed by scanning cathodoluminescence techniques. Geological Magazine 134: 549-552.
46. Downes, M.J. (1974) Sector and oscillatory zoning in calcic augites from M. Etna, Sicily. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 47: 187-196. 10.1007/BF00371538
47. Duchesne, J.C. (1999) Fe-Ti deposits in Rogaland anorthosites (South Norway): Geochemical characteristics and problems of interpretation. Mineralium Deposita 34:182-198. 10.1007/s001260050195
48. Dziggel, A., Wulff, K., Kolb, J., Meyer, F.M. & Lahaye, Y. (2009) Significance of oscillatory and bell-shaped zoning in hydrothermal garnet: Evidence from the Navachab gold deposit, Namibia. Chemical Geology 262: 262-76. 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.01.027
49. Emmermann, R. (1968) Differentiation and Metasomatose des Albtalgranits (Sudschwarzwald). Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 109: 94-130.
50. Eriksson, S.C. (1985) Oscillatory zoning in clinopyroxenes from the Guide Copper Mine, Phalaborwa, South Africa. American Mineralogist 70: 74-79.
51. Exley, C.S. & Stone, M. (1964) The granitic rocks of south-west England. Transactions of the Royal Society of Cornwall 131: 131-184.
52. Féménias, O., Mercier, J.-C., Nkono, C., Diot, H., Berza, T., Tatu, M. & Demaiffe, D. (2006) Calcic amphibole growth and compositions in calc-alkaline magmas: Evidence from the Motru Dike Swarm (Southern Carpathians, Romania). American Mineralogist 91: 73-81.
53. Flood, R.H. & Vernon, R.H. (1988) Microstructural evidence of orders of crystallization in granitoid rocks. Lithos 21: 237-245. 10.1016/0024-4937(88)90030-8
54. Flood, R.H., Vernon, R.H., Shaw, S.E. & Chappell, B.W. (1977) Origin of pyroxene-plagioclase aggregates in a rhyodacite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 60: 299-309. 10.1007/BF01166802
55. Garcia, M.O. & Jacobson, S.S. (1979) Crystal clots, amphibole fractionation and the evolution of calc-alkaline magmas. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 69: 319-327. 10.1007/BF00372257
56. Gençalioǧlu Kuşcu, G. & Floyd, P.A. (2001) Mineral compositional and textural evidence for magma mingling in the Saraykent volcanics. Lithos 56: 207-230.
57. Gibb, F.G.F. (1973) The zoned clinopyroxenes of the Shiant Isles Sill, Scotland. Journal of Petrology 14: 201-230.
58. Gilbert, G.K. (1906) Gravitational assemblage in granite. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 17: 321-328.
59. Glazner, A.F. & Bartley, J.M. (2006) Is stoping a volumetrically significant pluton emplacement process? Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 118: 1185-1195. 10.1130/B25738.1
60. Glazner, A.F. & Boudreau, A. (2011) Metamorphism of thought about igneous rock textures. International Geology Review 53: 327-329. 10.1080/00206814.2010.496165
61. Griffin, T.J., White, A.J.R. & Chappell, B.W. (1978) The Moruya Batholith and geochemical contrasts between the Moruya and Jindabyne suites. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 25: 235-247.
62. Haase, C.S., Chandam, J., Feinn, D. & Ortoleva, P. (1980) Oscillatory zoning in plagioclase feldspar. Science 209: 272-274. 10.1126/science.209.4453.272
63. Halden, N.M. & Hawthorne, F.C. (1993) Quantitative description of oscillatory zoning in zircon. American Mineralogist 78: 1113-1116.
64. Harker, A. & Marr, J.E. (1891) The Shap Granite, and the associated igneous and metamorphic rocks. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 47: 266-328. 10.1144/GSL.JGS.1891.047.01-04.19
65. Hattori, K. & Sato, H. (1996) Magma evolution recorded in plagioclase zoning in 1991 Pinatubo eruption products. American Mineralogist 81: 982-994.
66. Hibbard, M.J. (1965) Origin of some alkali-feldspar phenocrysts and their bearing on petrogenesis. American Journal of Science 263: 245-261. 10.2475/ajs.263.3.245
67. Higgins, M.D. (1991) The origin of laminated and massive anorthosite, Sept Iles Layered Intrusion, Québec, Canada. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 106: 340-354. 10.1007/BF00324562
68. Higgins, M.D. (1998) Origin of anorthosite by textural coarsening: Quantitative measurements of a natural sequence of textural development. Journal of Petrology 39: 1307-1323. 10.1093/petrology/39.7.1307
69. Higgins, M.D. (1999) Origin of megacrysts in granitoids by textural coarsening: a crystal size distribution (CSD) study of microcline in the Cathedral Peak Granodiorite, Sierra Nevada, California. In: Castro, A., Fernández, C. & Vigneresse, J.-L. (eds): Understanding Granites: Integrating New and Classical Techniques. Geological Society of London Special Publication 168: 207-219.
70. Higgins, M.D. & Roberge, J. (2003) Crystal size distribution of plagioclase and amphibole from Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat: evidence for dynamic crystallization-textural coarsening cycles. Journal of Petrology 44: 1401-1411. 10.1093/petrology/44.8.1401
71. Higgins, N.C. & Kawachi, Y. (1977) Microcline megacrysts from the Green Lake Granodiorite, eastern Fiordland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 20: 273-286.
72. Hine, R., Williams, I.S., Chappell, B.W. & White, A.J.R. (1978) Contrasts between I- and S-type granitoids of the Kosciusko Batholith. Journal of the Geological Society of Australia 25: 219-234.
73. Hogan, J. & O'Donnell, S. (2008) The rhyolite dike at Medicine Park, Oklahoma - a natural quenched experiment in the system Q-Ab-Or-H2O. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 40: 333.
74. Holness, M.B. (2005) Spatial constraints on magma chamber replenishment events from textural observations of cumulates: the Rum layered intrusion, Scotland. Journal of Petrology 46: 1585-1601. 10.1093/petrology/egi027
75. Holness, M.B. 2010: Decoding dihedral angles in melt-bearing and solidified rocks. In: Forster, M.A. & Fitz Gerald, J.D. (eds): The Science of Microstructure - Part I. Journal of the Virtual Explorer, Electronic Edition, ISSN 1441-8142, 35, paper 2.
76. Holness, M.B., Cheadle, M.J. & McKenzie, D. (2005) On the use of changes in dihedral angle to decode late-stage textural evolution in cumulates. Journal of Petrology 46: 1565-1583. 10.1093/petrology/egi026
77. Intayot, S., Thanasuthipitak, T. & Thanasuthipitak, P. (2007) The oscillatory zoning in grandite garnet from Khao Phu Kha, Lop Buri, central Thailand. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 34: 65-71.
78. Jackson, K.A. (1967) A review of the fundamental aspects of crystal growth. In: Peiser, H.S. (ed.): Crystal Growth. Pergamon, Oxford, 17-24.
79. Jamtveit, B. (1991) Oscillatory zonation patterns in hydrothermal grossular-andradite garnet: Nonlinear dynamics in regions of immiscibility. American Mineralogist 76: 1319-1327.
80. Jamtveit, B. & Andersen, T.B. (1992) Morphological instabilities during rapid growth of metamorphic garnets. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 19: 176-184. 10.1007/BF00202106
81. Jamtveit, B., Bucher-Nurminen, K. & Austrheim, H. (1990) Fluid controlled eclogitization of granulites in deep crustal shear zones, Bergen Arcs, Western Norway. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104: 184-193. 10.1007/BF00306442
82. Jamtveit, B., Wogelius, R.A. & Fraser, D.G. (1993) Zonation patterns of skarn garnets: records of hydrothermal system evolution. Geology 21: 113-116. 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0113:ZPOSGR>2.3.CO;2
83. Jerram, D.A. & Cheadle, M.J. (2000) On the cluster analysis of grains and crystals in rocks. American Mineralogist 85: 47-67.
84. Jerram, D.A. & Davidson, J.P. (2007) Frontiers in textural and microgeochemical analysis. Elements 3: 235-8. 10.2113/gselements.3.4.235
85. Jerram, D.A., Cheadle, M.J. & Philpotts, A.R. (2003): Quantifying the building blocks of igneous rocks: are clustered crystal frameworks the foundation? Journal of Petrology 44: 2033-2051. 10.1093/petrology/egg069
86. Johnson, B.R. & Glazner, A.F. (2010) Formation of K-feldspar megacrysts in granodioritic plutons by thermal cycling and late-stage textural coarsening. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 10.1007/s00410-009-0444-z
87. Jones, R.H. & Papike, J.J. (1993) Complex zoning behavior in pyroxene in FeO-rich chondrules in the Semarkona ordinary chondrite. Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Part 2: G-M, 735-736.
88. Kawachi, Y. & Sato, T. (1978) Orthoclase megacrysts in the Yakushima granite, southern Kyushu, Japan. Neues Jahrbuch fÃ1/4r Mineralogie Abhandlungen 132: 136-152.
89. Kingery, W.D. (1960) Introduction to Ceramics. Wiley, New York.
90. Kirkpatrick, R.J. (1977) Nucleation and growth of plagioclase, Makaoputi and Alae lava lakes, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 88: 78-84. 10.1130/0016-7606(1977)88<78:NAGOPM>2.0.CO;2
91. Kirkpatrick, R.J. (1981) Kinetics of crystallization of igneous rocks. In: Lasaga, A.C. & Kirkpatrick, R.J. (eds): Kinetics of Geochemical Processes. Mineralogical Society of America, Reviews in Mineralogy 8: 321-398.
92. Larsen, R.B., Jacamon, F. & Kronz, A. (2009) Trace element chemistry and textures of quartz during the magmatic hydrothermal transition of Oslo Rift granites. Mineralogical Magazine 73: 691-707. 10.1180/minmag.2009.073.4.691
93. Lasaga, A.C. (1998) Kinetic Theory in the Earth Sciences. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
94. London, D. (1996) Granitic pegmatites. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 87: 305-319.
95. London, D. (2005) Granitic pegmatites: an assessment of current concepts and directions for the future. Lithos 80: 281-303. 10.1016/j.lithos.2004.02.009
96. London, D. (2008) Pegmatites. Canadian Mineralogist Special Publication 10.
97. Martin, J.W. & Doherty, R.D. (1976) Stability of Microstructure in Metallic Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
98. McDonnell, S., Troll, V.R., Emeleus, C.H., Meighan, I.G., Brock, D. & Gould, R.J. (2004) Intrusive history of the Slieve Gullion ring dyke, Ireland: implications for the internal structure of silicic sub-caldera magma chambers. Mineralogical Magazine 68: 725-738. 10.1180/0026461046850215
99. McMurry, J. (2001) Crystal accumulation and shearing in a megacrystic quartz monzonite: Bodocó pluton, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Petrology 42: 251-276. 10.1093/petrology/42.2.251
100. McTaggart, K.C. (1979) Zone perthite from southern British Columbia. Canadian Mineralogist 17: 27-32.
101. Means, W.D. & Park, Y. (1994) New experimental approach to understanding igneous texture. Geology 22: 323-326. 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0323:NEATUI>2.3.CO;2
102. Mehnert, K.R. & Büsch, W. (1981) The Ba-content of K-feldspar megacrysts in granites: a criterion for their formation. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 140: 221-252.
103. Milord, I. & Sawyer, E.W. (2003) Schlieren formation in diatexite migmatite: examples from the St Malo migmatite terrane, France. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 21: 347-362. 10.1046/j.1525-1314.2003.00447.x
104. Mock, A. & Jerram, D.A. (2005) Crystal size distributions (CSD) in three dimensions: insights from the 3D reconstruction of a highly porphyritic rhyolite. Journal of Petrology 46: 1525-1541. 10.1093/petrology/egi024
105. Müller, A., Breiter, K., Seltmann, R. & Pécskay, Z. (2005) Quartz and feldspar zoning in the eastern Erzgebirge volcanoplutonic complex (Germany, Czech republic): evidence of multiple magma mixing. Lithos 80: 201-227.
106. Müller, A., Kronz, A. & Breiter, K. (2002a) Trace elements and growth patterns in quartz: a fingerprint of the evolution of the subvolcanic Podlesí granite System (Krusné hory Mts., Czech Republic). Bulletin of the Czech Geological Survey 77: 135-145.
107. Müller, A., Lennox, P. & Trzebski, R. (2002b) Cathodoluminescence and micro-structural evidence for crystallisation and deformation processes of granites in the Eastern Lachlan Fold Belt (SE Australia). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143: 510-524.
108. Müller, A., Seltmann, R. & Behr, H.-J. (2000) Application of cathodoluminescence to magmatic quartz in a tin granite-a case study from the Schellerhau Granite Complex, Eastern Erzgebirge, Germany. Mineralium Deposita 35: 169-189.
109. O'Brient, J.D. (1986) Preservation of primary magmatic features in subvolcanic pegmatites, aplites, and granite from Rabb Park, New Mexico. American Mineralogist 71: 608-624.
110. O'Donnell, S. & Hogan, J. (2004) Crystallization history of a rhyolite dike: insights from crystal size distribution analysis. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 36: 116.
111. O'Driscoll, B., Emeleus, C.H., Donaldson, C.H. & Daly, S.J. (2010) Cr-spinel seam petrogenesis in the Rum Layered Suite, NW Scotland: cumulate assimilation and in situ crystallization in a deforming crystal mush. Journal of Petrology 51: 1171-1201.
112. Oen, I.S. (1960) The intrusion mechanisms of the late-Hercynian, post-tectonic granite plutons of northern Portugal. Geologie en Mijnbouw 39: 257-296.
113. Park, Y. & Means, W.D. (1996) Direct observation of deformation processes in crystal mushes. Journal of Structural Geology 18: 847-858. 10.1016/S0191-8141(96)80017-4
114. Paterson, S.R., Vernon, R.H. & Zák, J. (2005) Mechanical instabilities and physical accumulation of K-feldspar megacrysts in granitic magma, Tuolumne Batholith, California, USA. In: Köhn, D. (ed.): General Contributions 2005. Journal of the Virtual Explorer, Electronic Edition, 18, Paper 1.
115. Peppard, B.T., Steele, I.M., Davis, A.M., Wallace, P.J. & Anderson, A.T. (2001) Zoned quartz phenocrysts from the rhyolitic BishopTuff. American Mineralogist 86: 1034-1052.
116. Petford, N. & Koenders, M.A. (1998) Self-organization and fracture connectivity in rapidly heated continental crust. Journal of Structural Geology 20: 1425-1434. 10.1016/S0191-8141(98)00081-9
117. Phillips, W.J., Fuge, R. & Phillips, N. (1981) Convection and crystallization in the Criffell-Dalbeattie pluton. Journal of the Geological Society of London 138: 351-366. 10.1144/gsjgs.138.3.0351
118. Piwinskii, A.J. (1968) Experimental studies of igneous rock series: central Sierra Nevada Batholith, California. Journal of Geology 76: 548-570. 10.1086/627359
119. Piwinskii, A.J. & Wyllie, P.J. (1968) Experimental studies of igneous rock series: a zoned pluton in the Wallowa Batholith, Oregon. Journal of Geology 76: 205-234. 10.1086/627323
120. Putnis, A. (2002) Mineral replacement reactions: from macroscopic observations to microscopic mechanisms. Mineralogical Magazine 66: 689-708. 10.1180/0026461026650056
121. Rakovan, J. & Jaszczak, J.A. (2002) Multiple length scale growth spirals on metamorphic graphite {001} surfaces studied by atomic force microscopy. American Mineralogist 87: 17-24.
122. Renzulli, A. & Santi, P. (1997) Sub-volcanic crystallization at Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, southern Italy) preceding the Sciara del Fuoco collapse: evidence from monzonite lithic suite. Bulletin of Volcanology 59: 10-20. 10.1007/s004450050171
123. Roycroft, P.D. (1989) Zoned muscovite from the Leinster Granite, S. E. Ireland. Mineralogical Magazine 53: 633-635. 10.1180/minmag.1989.053.373.14
124. Roycroft, P.D. (1991) Magmatically zoned muscovite from the peraluminous two-mica granites of the Leinster batholith, southeast Ireland. Geology 19: 437-440. 10.1130/0091-7613(1991)019<0437:MZMFTP>2.3.CO;2
125. Rutherford, M.J & Devine, J.D. (2003) Magmatic conditions and magma ascent as indicated by hornblende phase equilibria and reactions in the 1995-2002 Soufrière Hills magma. Journal of Petrology 44: 1433-1454. 10.1093/petrology/44.8.1433
126. Sato, H., Holz, F., Behrens, H., Botcharnikov, R. & Nakada, S. (2005) Experimental petrology of the 1991-1995 Unzen Dacite, Japan. Part II: Cl/OH partitioning between hornblende and melt and its implications for the origin of oscillatory zoning of hornblende phenocrysts. Journal of Petrology 46: 339-354. 10.1093/petrology/egh078
127. Sawyer, E.W. (1996) Melt segregation and magma flow in migmatites: implications for the generation of granite magmas. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 87: 85-94.
128. Sawyer, E.W. (1998) Formation and evolution of granite magmas during crustal reworking: the significance of diatexites. Journal of Petrology 39: 1147-1167. 10.1093/petrology/39.6.1147
129. Sawyer, E.W., Dombrowski, C. & Collins, W.J. (1999) Movement of melt during synchronous regional deformation and granulite facies anatexis, an example from the Wuluma Hills, central Australia. In: Castro, A., Fernandez, C. & Vigneresse, J.-L. (eds): Understanding Granites; Integrating New and Classical Techniques. Geological Society of London Special Publication 158: 221-237.
130. Seyedolali, A., Krinsley, D.H., Boggs, S., O'Hara, P.F., Dypvik, H. & Goles, G.G. (1997) Provenance interpretation of quartz by scanning electron microscope-cathodoluminescence fabric analysis. Geology 25: 787-790.
131. Shaw, S.E. & Flood, R.H. (2009) Zircon Hf isotopic evidence for mixing of crustal and silicic mantle-derived magmas in a zoned granite pluton, eastern Australia. Journal of Petrology 50: 147-68. 10.1093/petrology/egn078
132. Shore, M. & Fowler, A.D. (1996) Oscillatory zoning in minerals: a common phenomenon. Canadian Mineralogist 34: 1111-1126.
133. Sibley, D.F., Vogel, T.A., Walker, B.M. & Byerly, G. (1976) The origin of oscillatory zoning in plagioclase: a diffusion and growth controlled model. American Journal of Science 276: 275-284. 10.2475/ajs.276.3.275
134. Silva, K.E., Cheadle, M.J. & Nisbet, E.G. (1997) The origin of B1 zones in komatiite flows. Journal of Petrology 38: 1565-1584. 10.1093/petrology/38.11.1565
135. Smith, J.V. (1974) Feldspar Minerals. Volume 2. Chemical and Textural Properties. Springer, New York.
136. Stevens, G., Villaros, A. & Moyen, J.-F. (2007) Selective peritectic garnet entrainment as the origin of geochemical diversity in S-type granites. Geology 35: 9-12. 10.1130/G22959A.1
137. Sunagawa, I. (1974) Growth of crystals in nature. In: Mineral Genesis. Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Geological Institute, Sofia, 79-90.
138. Sunagawa, I. (1977) Natural crystallization. Journal of Crystal Growth 42: 214-223. 10.1016/0022-0248(77)90197-X
139. Sunagawa, I., Koshino, Y., Asakura, M. & Yamamoto, T. (1974) Growth mechanisms of some clay minerals. Fortschritte Mineralogie 52: 217-224.
140. Taylor, J. & Stevens, G. (2010) Selective entrainment of peritectic garnet into S-type granitic magmas: Evidence from Archaean mid-crustal anatectites. Lithos 120: 277-292. 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.08.015
141. Tomura, S., Kitamura, M. & Sunagawa, I. (1979) Surface microtopography of metamorphic white micas. Physics & Chemistry of Minerals 5: 65-81. 10.1007/BF00308169
142. Tsune, A. & Toramaru, A. (2007) A simple model of oscillatory zoning in magmatic plagioclase: Development of an isothermal cooling model. American Mineralogist 92: 1071-1079. 10.2138/am.2007.2236
143. Urai, J.L. (1983a) Deformation of Wet Salt Rocks. PhD thesis, State University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
144. Urai, J.L. (1983b) Water-assisted dynamic recrystallization and weakening in polycrystalline bischofite. Tectonophysics 96: 125-157. 10.1016/0040-1951(83)90247-0
145. Urai, J.L., Means, W.D. & Lister, G.S. (1986) Dynamic recrystallisation of minerals. In: Hobbs, B.E. & Heard, H.C. (eds): Mineral and Rock Deformation: Laboratory Studies (The Paterson Volume). American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monograph 36: 161-199.
146. Vance, J.A. (1962) Zoning in igneous plagioclase: normal and oscillatory zoning. American Journal of Science 260: 746-760. 10.2475/ajs.260.10.746
147. Vance, J.A. (1969) On synneusis. Contributions to Mineralogy & Petrology 24: 7-29. 10.1007/BF00398750
148. Vaniman, D. (1978) Crystallization history of sector-zoned microcline megacrysts from the Godani Valley pluton, Nigeria. Mineralogical Magazine 42: 443-451. 10.1180/minmag.1978.042.324.06
149. Vernon, R.H. (1983) Restite, xenoliths and microgranitoid enclaves in granites. Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales 116: 77-103.
150. Vernon, R.H. (1984) Microgranitoid enclaves in granites-globules of hybrid magma quenched in a plutonic environment. Nature 309: 438-439. 10.1038/309438a0
151. Vernon, R.H. (1986a) K-feldspar megacrysts in granites -phenocrysts, not porphyroblasts. Earth-Science Reviews 23: 1-63. 10.1016/0012-8252(86)90003-6
152. Vernon, R.H. (1986b) Evaluation of the quartz-eye hypothesis. Economic Geology 81: 1520-1527. 10.2113/gsecongeo.81.6.1520
153. Vernon, R.H. (1990) Crystallization and hybridism in microgranitoid enclave magmas: microstructural evidence. Journal of Geophysical Research 95: 17849-17859. 10.1029/JB095iB11p17849
154. Vernon, R.H. (1991) Interpretation of microstructures of microgranitoid enclaves. In: Didier, J. & Barbarin, B. (eds): Enclaves and Granite Petrology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 277-291.
155. Vernon, R.H. (1996) Problems with inferring P-T-t paths in low-P granulite facies rocks. Journal of Metamorphic Geology 14: 143-153. 10.1046/j.1525-1314.1996.05814.x
156. Vernon, R.H. (1999) Quartz and feldspar microstructures in metamorphic rocks. Canadian Mineralogist 37: 513-524.
157. Vernon, R.H. (2000) Review of microstructural evidence of magmatic and solid-state flow. Electronic Geosciences 5:2.
158. Vernon, R.H. (2004) A Practical Guide to Rock Microstructure. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
159. Vernon, R.H. (2007) Problems in identifying restite in S-type granites of southeastern Australia, with speculations on sources of magma and enclaves. Canadian Mineralogist 45: 147-178. 10.2113/gscanmin.45.1.147
160. Vernon, R.H. & Clarke, G.L. (2008) Principles of Metamorphism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
161. Vernon, R.H. & Collins, W.J. (2011) Structural criteria for identifying granitic cumulates. Journal of Geology 119: 127-142. 10.1086/658198
162. Vernon, R.H., Johnson, S.E. & Melis, E.A. (2004) Emplacementrelated microstructures in the margin of a deformed tonalite pluton: the San José pluton, Baja California, México. Journal of Structural Geology 26: 1845-1865.
163. Vernon, R.H. & Paterson, S.R. (2008a) Mesoscopic structures resulting from crystal accumulation and melt movement in granites. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 97: 369-381.
164. Vernon, R.H. & Paterson, S.R. (2008b) How late are K-feldspar megacrysts in granites? Lithos 104: 327-336. 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.01.001
165. Vernon, R.H. & Paterson, S.R. (2008c) How extensive are subsolidus grain-shape changes in cooling granites? Lithos 105: 85-97. 10.1016/j.lithos.2008.02.004
166. Villaros, A., Stevens, G. & Buick, I.S. (2009) Tracking S-type granite from source to emplacement: Clues from garnet in the Cape Granite Suite. Lithos 112: 217-235. 10.1016/j.lithos.2009.02.011
167. Waters, C. & Boudreau, A.E. (1996) A reevaluation of crystalsize distributions in chromite cumulates. American Mineralogist 81: 1452-1459.
168. Watt, G.R., Wright, P., Galloway, S. & McLean, C. (1997) Cathodoluminescence and trace element zoning in quartz phenocrysts and xenocrysts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61: 4337-4348. 10.1016/S0016-7037(97)00248-2
169. White, A.J.R. & Chappell, B.W. (1977) Ultrametamorphism and granitoid genesis. Tectonophysics 43: 7-22. 10.1016/0040-1951(77)90003-8
170. White, A.J.R. & Chappell, B.W. (1988) Some supracrustal (Stype) granites of the Lachlan Fold Belt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 79: 169-181.
171. Whitney, J.A. (1975) The effects of pressure, temperature, and XH2O on phase assemblage in four synthetic rock compositions. Journal of Geology 83: 1-31. 10.1086/628042
172. Wiebe, R.A. (1968) Plagioclase stratigraphy: a record of magmatic conditions and events in a granite stock. American Journal of Science 266: 690-703. 10.2475/ajs.266.8.690
173. Wiebe R.A., Wark, D.A. & Hawkins, D.P. (2007) Insights from quartz cathodoluminescence zoning into crystallization of the Vinalhaven granite, coastal Maine. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 154: 439-453. 10.1007/s00410-007-0202-z
174. Wilshire, H.G. (1969) Mineral layering in the Twin Lakes Granodiorite, Colorado. Geological Society of America Memoir 115: 235-261.
175. Wyborn, D., Chappell, B.W. & Johnston, R.W. (1981) Three Stype volcanic suites from the Lachlan Fold Belt, southeast Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research 86: 10335-10348. 10.1029/JB086iB11p10335
176. Zeck, H.P. (1972) Transformation trillings in cordierite. Journal of Petrology 13: 367-380.