Contribution of local fishermen to improving knowledge of the marine ecosystem and resources in the Republic of Guinea, West Africa

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

Volumn 68, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 1454-1469

  Le Fur, Jean ^a   Guilavogui, Athanase ^b   Teitelbaum, Antoine ^c  

^a INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT   (France)

^b Centre National des Sciences Halieutiques de Boussoura (CNSHB)   (Guinea)

^c SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY   (New Caledonia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIET; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION; FISHERY SURVEY; FISHING COMMUNITY; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; MARINE RESOURCE; PERCIFORM; RELIABILITY ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE; SUBSTRATE PREFERENCE; SURROGATE METHOD; TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE; TROPHIC STRUCTURE;

GUINEA;

SCIAENIDAE;

EID: 80052049694     PISSN: 0706652X     EISSN: 12057533     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/f2011-061     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Ames, T. 2007. Putting fisher's knowledge to work: reconstructing the Gulf of Maine cod spawning grounds on the basis of local ecological knowledge. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 353-364.
2. Aswani, S., and Hamilton, R. 2004. Integrating indigenous ecological knowledge and customary sea tenure with marine and social science for conservation of bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum) in the Roviana Lagoon, Solomon Islands. Environ. Conserv. 31(1): 69-83. doi:10.1017/S037689290400116X.
3. Aswani, S., and Lauer, M. 2006. Benthic mapping using local aerial photo interpretation and resident taxa inventories for designing marine protected areas. Environ. Conserv. 33(3): 263-273. doi:10.1017/S0376892906003183.
4. Baelde, P. 2007. Using fisher's knowledge goes beyond filling gaps in scientific knowledge: analysis of Australian experiences. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 381-400.
5. Baran, E. 1995. Dynamique spatio-temporelle des peuplements de poissons estuariens en Guinée: Relations avec le milieu abiotique. Ph.D. thesis, Travaux et Documents Microédités, Paris, France.
6. Baran, E. 2000. Rôle des estuaires vis à vis de la resource halieutique côtière en Guinée. In La pêche côtière en Guinée: ressources et exploitation. Edited by F. Domain, P. Chavance, and A. Diallo. IRD Ed., Paris, France. pp. 145-147.
7. Barthélémy, C. 2005. Les savoirs locaux: entre connaissances et reconnaissance. Vertig0 - La Revue En Sciences de L'Environnement, 6(1): 1-6.
8. Bergmann, M., Hinz, B., Blyth, R., Kaiser, M.J., Rogers, S.I., and Armstrong, M. 2007. Using expert knowledge to identify possible groundfish 'essential fish habitats'. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Source-books, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 189-197.
9. Berkes, F. 2008. Sacred ecology. 2nd ed. Routledge, New York.
10. Berkes, F., Berkes, M.K., and Fast, H. 2007. Collaborative integrated management in Canada's North: the role of local and traditional knowledge and community-based monitoring. Coast. Manage. 35 (1): 143-162. doi:10.1080/08920750600970487.
11. Browman, H.I., and Stergiou, K.I. 2004. Perspectives on ecosystem-based approaches to the management of marine resources. Mar.Ecol. Prog. Ser. 274: 269-303. doi:10.3354/meps274269.
12. Charles-Dominique, E. 1982. Exposésynoptique des données biologiques sur l'ethmalose (Ethmalosa fimbriata S. Bowdich, 1825. Rev. Hydrobiol. Trop. 15(4): 373-397.
13. Chavance, P. 2000. Trait caractéristiques et évolution récente de la pêche artisanale. In La pêche côtière en Guinée: ressources et 1467 exploitation. Edited by F. Domain, P. Chavance, and A. Diallo. IRD Ed., Paris, France. pp. 295-311.
14. Christensen, V., and Pauly, D. 1992. Ecopath II - a software for balancing steady-state ecosystem models and calculating network characteristics. Ecol. Model. 61(3-4): 169-185. doi:10.1016/0304-3800(92)90016-8.
15. Christensen, V., and Walters, C.J. 2004. Ecopath with Ecosim: methods, capabilities and limitations. Ecol. Model. 172(2-4): 109-139. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.09.003.
16. Christie, P., Fluharty, D.L., White, A.T., Eisma-Osorio, L., and Jatulan, W. 2007. Assessing the feasibility of ecosystem-based fisheries management in tropical contexts. Mar. Policy, 31(3): 239-250. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2006.08.001.
17. Cury, P., Shannon, L.J., Roux, J.-P., Daskalov, G.M., Jarre, A., Moloney, C.L., and Pauly, D. 2005. Trophodynamic indicators for an ecosystem approach to fisheries. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62(3): 430-442. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.12.006.
18. D'Incao, F., and Reis, E.G. 2002. Community-based management and technical advice in Patos Lagoon estuary (Brazil). Ocean Coast. Manage. 45(8): 531-539. doi:10.1016/S0964-5691(02) 00084-4.
19. Davis, A., and Wagner, J.R. 2003. Who knows? On the importance of identifying "experts" when researching local ecological knowledge. Hum. Ecol. 31(3): 463-489. doi:10.1023/A:1025075923297.
20. Davis, A., Hanson, J.M., Watts, H., and MacPherson, H. 2004. Local ecological knowledge and marine fisheries research: the case of white hake (Urophycis tenuis) predation on juvenile American lobster (Homarus americanus). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 61(7): 1191-1201. doi:10.1139/f04-070.
21. Diouf, P.S. 1996. Les peuplements de poissons des milieux estuariens de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: l'exemple de l'estuaire hyperhalin du Sine-Saloum. Ph.D. thesis, Université Montpellier II, Paris, France.
22. Domain, F., and Bah, M.O. 1993. Carte sédimentologique du plateau continental guinéen. Orstom, Paris, France. [Notice explicative: 108, p. 15, 2 maps.]
23. Domain, F., Keita, M., and Morize, E. 2000. Typologie générale des ressources démersales du plateau continental. In La pêche côtièr en Guinée: ressources et exploitation. Edited by F. Domain, P. Chavance, and A. Diallo. IRD Ed., Paris, France. pp. 53-85.
24. Fletcher, W.J. 2006. Frameworks for managing marine resources in Australia through ecosystem approaches: Do they fit together and are they useful? Bull. Mar. Sci. 78(3): 691-704.
25. Folke, C. 2004. Traditional knowledge in social-ecological systems. Ecol. Soc. 9(3): 7. Available from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss3/art7/.
26. Garcia, S.M., and Cochrane, K.L. 2005. Ecosystem approach to fisheries: a review of implementation guidelines. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 62(3): 311-318. doi:10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.12.003.
27. Garcia, S.M., Zerbi, A., Aliaume, C., Do Chi, T., and Lasserre, G. 2003. The ecosystem approach to fisheries. Issues, terminology, principles, institutional foundations, implementation and outlook. FAO Fish. Tech. Pap. No. 443. Rome, Italy.
28. García-Allut, A., Freire, J., Barreiro, A., and Losada, D.E. 2007. Methodology for integration of fisher's ecological knowledge in fisheries biology and management using knowledge representation (artificial intelligence). In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 227-237.
29. Gascuel, D. 2005. The trophic-level based model: a theoretical approach of fishing effects on marine ecosystems. Ecol. Model. 189(3-4): 315-332. doi:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.03.019.
30. Gascuel, D., Guénette, S., and Pauly, D. 2008. The trophic-level Published by NRC Research Press 1468 based ecosystem modelling approach: theoretical overview and practical uses. ASC-ICES CM 2008/F:18. Halifax, N.S., Canada.
31. Gerhardinger, L.C., Godoy, E.A.S., and Jones, P.J.S. 2009. Local ecological knowledge and the management of marine protected areas in Brazil. Ocean Coast. Manage. 52(3-4): 154-165. doi:10. 1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.12.007.
32. Grant, S., and Berkes, F. 2007. Fisher knowledge as expert system: a case from the longline fishery of Grenada, the eastern Caribbean. Fish. Res. 84: 162-170.
33. Gray, T., and Hatchard, J. 2008. A complicated relationship: stakeholder participation and the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. Mar. Policy, 32(2): 158-168. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2007.09.002.
34. Greenstreet, S.P.R., Fraser, H.M., and Piet, G.J. 2009. Using MPAs to address regional-scale ecological objectives in the North Sea: modelling the effects of fishing effort displacement. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 66(1): 90-100. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsn214.
35. Guénette, S., and Diallo, I. 2004a. Modèles préliminaires de la côte guinéenne pour les années 1985 et 1998. In Northwest African marine ecosystems. Edited by M.L.D. Palomares, J.M. Vakily, and D. Pauly. Fisheries Centre Research Report, UBC, Vancouver, B. C. Vol. 12(7). pp. 124-159.
36. Guénette, S., and Diallo, I. 2004b. Exploration of a preliminary model of the marine ecosystem of Guinea. In International Symposium on Marine Fisheries, Ecosystems, and Societies in West Africa: Half a Century of Change, Dakar, Senegal, 24-28 June 2002. Edited by P. Chavance, M. Bâ, D. Gascuel, J.M. Vakily, and D. Pauly. Office of Official Publications of the European Commission, Bruxelles, Collection des Rapports de recherche Halieutique. ACP-UE. Vol. 15(1): 329-346.
37. Guilavogui, A., Le Fur, J., and Doumbouya, A. 2004. Accès à l'espace et à la ressource: compétitions et conflits entre la pêche artisanale et la pêche industrielle dans la ZEE guinéenne. Doc. Sci. Centr. Nat. Sci. Halieut. No. 36. Boussoura, Conakry, République de Guinée.
38. Gullström, M., Lunden, B., Bodin, M., Kangwe, J., Öhman, M., Mtolera, M.S.P., and Björk, M. 2006. Assessment of changes in the seagrass-dominated submerged vegetation of tropical Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar) using satellite remote sensing. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 67(3): 399-408. doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2005.11.020.
39. Haggan, N., and Neis, B. 2007. The changing face of fisheries science and management. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 421-432.
40. Hall, G.B., Moore, A., Knight, P., and Hankey, N. 2009. The extraction and utilization of local and scientific geospatial knowledge within the Bluff oyster fishery, New Zealand. J. Environ. Manage. 90(6): 2055-2070. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.08.022. PMID:18760525.
41. Heck, S., Béné, C., and Reyes-Gaskin, R. 2007. Investing in African fisheries: building links to the Millennium Development Goals. Fish Fish. 8: 211-226.
42. Hickey, F.R. 2007. Traditional marine resource management in Vanuatu: world views in transformation. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 147-168.
43. Houde, N. 2007. The six faces of traditional ecological knowledge: challenges and opportunities for Canadian co-management arrangements. Ecol. Soc. 12(2): 34. Available from http://www. ecologyandsociety.org/vol12/iss2/art34/.
44. Huntington, H.P., Suydam, R.S., and Rosenberg, D.H. 2004. Traditional knowledge and satellite tracking as complementary approaches to ecological understanding. Environ. Conserv. 31(3): 177-180. doi:10.1017/S0376892904001559.
45. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2007. La Guinée, soucieuse de la préservation environnementale: des partenaires dynamiques dans un contexte difficile. Lettre d'information PRCM (Programme Régional de Conservation de la Zone Côtière et Marine en Afrique de l'Ouest), Nouakchott, Mauritanie, mars 2007. Available from http://www.prcmarine.org/wrap/newsletters/ 2007/03.pdf [accessed 4 March 2011].
46. International Union for Conservation of Nature. 2008. Evaluation des aires protégées de Guinée(février 2008). La lettre des aires protégées en Afrique de l'Ouest, IUCN, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, avril 2008(7): 8. Available from http://papaco.org/publication/lettreAPAO-7-0408.pdf [accessed 4 March 2011].
47. Johannes, R.E. 1981. Working with fishermen to improve coastal tropical fisheries and resource management. Bull. Mar. Sci. 31(3): 673-680.
48. Johannes, R.E. 1984. Marine conservation in relation to traditional life-styles of tropical artisanal fishermen. Environmentalist, 4(Suppl. 7): 30-35. doi:10.1007/BF01907290.
49. Johannes, R.E. 1998. The case for data-less marine resource management: examples from tropical nearshore finfisheries. Trends Ecol. Evol. 13(6): 243-246. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(98)01384-6. PMID:21238285.
50. Johannes, R.E., and Neis, B. 2007. The value of anecdote. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Sourcebooks, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I. G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 41-58.
51. Johannes, R.E., Freeman, M.M.R., and Hamilton, R.J. 2000. Ignore fishers' knowledge and miss the boat. Fish Fish. 1(3): 257-271.
52. Kupschus, S. 2003. Development and evaluation of statistical habitat suitability models: an example based on juvenile spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 265: 197-212. doi:10. 3354/meps265197.
53. Le Fur, J., Doumbouya, A., Diallo, M.M., Camara, Y., and Domain, F. 2002. Construction et mise à disposition par la recherche d'un savoir commun: enjeux et application au secteur des pêches guinéen. In Compte-Rendu du séminaire de travail: La recherche halieutique et le développement durable des ressources naturelles marines de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: quels enjeux? Conakry, Guinée, 24-26 septembre 2001. Edited by P. Failler, M. Bâ, A. Doum- bouya, and N. Lécrivain. Bruxelles, Rapp. Rech. Halieut. ACP- UE, 11: 110-115.
54. Lesnoff, M., Morize, E., and Traore, S. 2000. La pêcherie industrielle en Guinée: état et bilan des données disponibles. In La pêche côtière en Guinée: ressources et exploitation. Edited by F. Domain, P. Chavance, and A. Diallo. IRD Ed., Paris. pp. 175-198
55. Longhurst, A.R. 1966. Species Assemblages in the Tropical Demersal Fisheries. Proceedings of the Symposium on Oceanography and Fisheries Resources of Tropical Atlantic, Abidjan, 20-28 October 1966. UNESCO, Paris. pp. 147-170.
56. Marasco, R.J., Goodman, D., Grimes, C.B., Lawson, P., Punt, A.E., and Quinn, T.J., II. 2007. Ecosystem-based fisheries management: some practical suggestions. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64(6): 928- 939. doi:10.1139/f07-062.
57. Mathew, S. 2003. Small-scale fisheries perspectives on an ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management. In Responsible fisheries in the marine ecosystem. Edited by M. Sinclair and G. Valdimars-son. Cabi Publishing, Wallingford, UK. pp.47-63 [ISBN 0851996337]
58. Maurstad, A., Dale, T., and Bjørn, P.A. 2007. You wouldn't spawn in a septic tank, would you? Hum. Ecol. 35(5): 601-610. doi:10.1007/s10745-007-9126-5.
59. Moller, H., Berkes, F., O'Brian Lyver, P., and Kislalioglu, M. 2004. Combining science and traditional ecological knowledge: monitoring populations for co-management. Ecol. Soc. 9(3): 2. Available from http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol9/iss3/art2/.
60. Moreno, G., Dagorn, L., Sancho, G., and Itano, D. 2007. Fish behaviour from fisher's knowledge: the case study of tropical tuna around drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64(11): 1517-1528. doi:10.1139/f07-113.
61. Neis, B., Schneider, D.C., Felt, L., Haedrich, R.L., Fischer, J., and Hutchings, J.A. 1999. Fisheries assessment: what can be learned from interviewing resource users? Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56(10): 1949-1963. doi:10.1139/f99-115.
62. Olsson, P., and Folke, C. 2001. Local ecological knowledge and institutional dynamics for ecosystem management: a study of Lake Racken Watershed, Sweden. Ecosystems, 4(2): 85-104. doi:10. 1007/s100210000061.
63. Paterson, B., and Petersen, S.L. 2010. EAF implementation in Southern Africa: lessons learnt. Mar. Policy, 34(2): 276-292. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2009.07.004.
64. Pezennec, O. 2000. Environnement hydro-climatique de la Guinée. In La pêche côtière en Guinée: ressources et exploitation. Edited by F. Domain, P. Chavance, and A. Diallo. IRD Ed., Paris, France. pp. 7-27.
65. Pikitch, E.K., Santora, C., Babcock, E.A., Bakun, A., Bonfil, R., Conover, D.O., Dayton, P., Doukakis, P., Fluharty, D., Heneman, B., Houde, E.D., Link, J., Livingston, P.A., Mangel, M., McAllister, M.K., Pope, J., and Sainsbury, K.J. 2004. Ecosystem-based fishery management. Science, 305(5682): 346- 347. doi:10.1126/science.1098222. PMID:15256658.
66. Pitcher, T.J., Kalikoski, D., Short, K., Varkey, D., and Pramod, G. 2009. An evaluation of progress in implementing ecosystem-based management of fisheries in 33 countries. Mar. Policy, 33(2): 223- 232. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2008.06.002.
67. Poepoe, K.K., Bartram, P.K., and Friedlander, A.M. 2007. The use of traditional knowledge in the contemporary management of a Hawaiian community's marine resources. In Fisher's knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Source-books, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 119-143.
68. Poizat, G., and Baran, E. 1997. Fishermen's knowledge as background information in tropical fish ecology: a quantitative comparison with fish sampling results. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 50(4): 435-449. doi:10.1023/A:1007317423165.
69. Prigent, M., Fontenelle, G., Rochet, M.J., and Trenkel, V.M. 2008. Using cognitive maps to investigate fishers' ecosystem objectives and knowledge. Ocean Coast. Manage. 51(6): 450-462. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2008.04.005.
70. Rice, J. 2008. Can we manage ecosystems in a sustainable way? J. Sea Res. 60(1-2): 8-20. doi:10.1016/j.seares.2008.02.002.
71. Rochet, M.J., Prigent, M., Bertrand, J.A., Carpentier, A., Coppin, F. Delpech, J.P., Fontenelle, G., Foucher, E., Mahé, K., Rostiaux, E., and Trenkel, V.M. 2008. Ecosystem trends: evidence for agreement between fishers' perceptions and scientific information. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 65(6): 1057-1068. doi:10.1093/icesjms/fsn062
72. Saenger, P., and Hegerl, E.J. 1983. Global status of mangrove ecosystems. Environmentalist, 3(Suppl. 3): 1-88.
73. Schneider, W. 1990. FAO species identification sheets for fishery purposes. Field guide to the commercial marine resources of the Gulf of Guinea. FAO, Rome, RAFR/FI/90/2.
74. Seto, K.C., and Fragkias, M. 2007. Mangrove conversion and aquaculture development in Vietnam: a remote sensing-based approach for evaluating the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Glob. Environ. Change, 17(3-4): 486-500. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2007.03.001.
75. Sherman, K., and Duda, A.M. 1999. An ecosystem approach to global assessment and management of coastal waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 190: 271-287. doi:10.3354/meps190271.
76. Sidibe, A. 2003. Les ressources halieutiques démersales côtières de la Guinée: exploitation, biologie et dynamique des principales espèces de la communauté à Sciaenidés. Ph.D. thesis, Ensa- Rennes, France.
77. Sidibe, A., Laurans, M., Gascuel, D., and Domain, F. 2004. Evolution comparative de l'abondance des ressources halieutiques démersales en Guinée entre 1985 et 1998. In Pêcheries maritimes, écosystèmes et sociétés en Afrique de l'Ouest: un demi siècle de changement. Edited by P. Chavance, M. Bâ, D. Gascuel, J.M. Vakily, and D. Pauly. Office des Communautés Européennes, Coll. Rapports de Recherche Halieutique ACP-UE 15, Luxembourg. pp. 393-398.
78. Silvano, R.A.M., and Begossi, A. 2005. Local knowledge on a cosmopolitan fish ethnoecology of Pomatomus saltatrix (Pomato- midae) in Brazil and Australia. Fish. Res. 71(1): 43-59. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2004.07.007.
79. Silvano, R.A.M., and Begossi, A. 2010. What can be learned from fishers? An integrated survey of fisher's local ecological knowledge and bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) biology on the Brazilian coast. Hydrobiologia, 637(1): 3-18. doi:10.1007/s10750-009- 9979-2.
80. Silvano, R.A.M., and Valbo-Jørgensen, J. 2008. Beyond fishermen's tales: contributions of fishers' local ecological knowledge to fish ecology and fisheries management. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 10(5): 657-675. doi:10.1007/s10668-008-9149-0.
81. Silvano, R.A.M., Udvardy, S., Ceroni, M., and Farley, J. 2005. An ecological integrity assessment of a Brazilian Atlantic Forest watershed based on surveys of stream health and local farmers' perceptions: implications for management. Ecol. Econ. 53(3): 369-385. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.12.003.
82. Silvano, R.A.M., MacCord, P.F.L., Lima, R.V., and Begossi, A. 2006. When does this fish spawn? Fishermen's local knowledge of migration and reproduction of Brazilian coastal fishes. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 76(2-4): 371-386. doi:10.1007/s10641-006-9043-2.
83. Sinclair, M., Arnason, R., Csirke, J., Karnicki, Z., Sigurjonsson, J., Rune Skjoldal, H., and Valdimarsson, G. 2002. Responsible fisheries in the marine ecosystem. Fish. Res. 58(3): 255-265. doi:10.1016/S0165-7836(02)00168-6.
84. Sissenwine, M., and Murawski, S. 2004. Moving beyond 'intelligent- tinkering': advancing an ecosystem approach to fisheries. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 274: 291-295.
85. Symes, D. 2008. Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. [Book review.] Fish. Res. 89: 309-310. doi:10.1016/j.fishres.2007.10.001.
86. Ukwe, C.N., Ibe, C.A., and Sherman, K. 2006. A sixteen-country mobilization for sustainable fisheries in the Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Ocean Coast. Manage. 49(7-8): 385-412. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2006.04.006.
87. Williams, A., and Bax, N. 2007. Integrating fisher's knowledge with survey data to understand the structure, ecology and use of a seascape off south-eastern Australia. In Fishers' knowledge in fisheries science and management. Coastal Management Source-books, Vol. 4. Edited by N. Haggan, B. Neis, and I.G. Baird. UNESCO Publishing, Paris. pp. 365-380.
88. Wilson, D.C., Raakjær, J., and Degnbol, P. 2006. Local ecological knowledge and practical fisheries management in the tropics: a policy brief. Mar. Policy, 30(6): 794-801. doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2006.02.004.
89. Zhang, C.I., Kim, S., Gunderson, D., Marasco, R., Lee, J.B., Park, H.W., and Lee, J.H. 2009. An ecosystem-based fisheries assessment approach for Korean fisheries. Fish. Res. 100(1): 26-41. doi:10. 1016/j.fishres.2008.12.002.