Reasoning about threats: From observables to situation assessment

IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Part C: Applications and Reviews

Volumn 41, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 608-616

  Burghouts, Gertjan J ^a   Marck, Jan Willem ^a  

^a TNO   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Architecture; evaluation framework; information processing; observables; situation understanding; threat recognition

Indexed keywords

CONDITIONAL RANDOM FIELD; CROWD CONTROL; CROWD DYNAMICS; EVALUATION FRAMEWORK; FALSE POSITIVE; NEGATIVE RATES; OBSERVABLES; REAL WORLD EXPERIMENT; SENSOR SIGNALS; SITUATION ASSESSMENT; SITUATION UNDERSTANDING; THREAT ASSESSMENT; THREAT RECOGNITION; TRAIN STATIONS; VIDEO FEATURES;

ARCHITECTURE; DATA PROCESSING; EXPERIMENTS; PATTERN RECOGNITION; TERRORISM;

RATING;

EID: 80052048840     PISSN: 10946977     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/TSMCC.2011.2135344     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. M. M. Kokar, "Situation awareness: Issues and challenges, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Inf. Fusion, 2004, pp. 533-534.
2. J. Llinas, C. Bowman, G. Rogova, and A. Steinberg, "Revisiting the JDL data fusion model II, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Inf. Fusion, 2004, pp. 1218-1230.
3. G. J. Burghouts, B. Broek, B. G. Alefs, E. den Breejen, and K. Schutte, "Automated indicators for behavior interpretation, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Crime Detect. Prevent., 2007, pp. 1-6.
4. S. Agarwal, A. Awan, and D. Roth, "Learning to detect objects in images via a sparse, part-based representation, " IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1475-1490, Nov. 2004. (Pubitemid 40168024)
5. A. Datta, "Person-on-person violence detection in video data, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Pattern Recognit., 2002, pp. 433-438. (Pubitemid 44845031)
6. D. M. Gavrila, "The visual analysis of human movement: A survey, " Comput. Vis. Image Understand., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 82-98, 1999.
7. I. Laptev, M. Marszalek, C. Schmid, and B. Rozenfeld, "Learning realistic human actions from movies, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., 2008, pp. 1-8.
8. W. Zajdel, D. Krijnders, T. Andringa, and D. Gavrila, "CASSANDRA: Audio-video sensor fusion for aggression detection, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Adv. Video Signal Based Surveillance, 2007, pp. 200-205.
9. L. Duan, D. Xu, I. W. Tsang, and J. Luo, "Visual event recognition in videos by learning from web data, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., 2010, pp. 1959-1966.
10. D. Küttel, M. Breitenstein, L. van Gool, and V. Ferrari, "What's going on? discovering spatio-temporal dependencies in dynamic scenes, " in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., 2010, pp. 1951-1958.
11. T. Xiang and S. Gong, "Video behaviour profiling for anomaly detection, " IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 893-908, May 2008. (Pubitemid 351486756)
12. A. McCallum and C. Sutton. (2006). "An introduction to conditional random fields for relational learning, " in Introduction to Statistical Relational Learning, L. Getoor and B. Taskar, Eds. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [Online]. Available: http://www.cs.umass.edu/mccallum/papers/crf-tutorial.pdf
13. L. Rabiner, "A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition, " Proc. IEEE, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 257-286, Feb. 1989.
14. I. Ulusoy and C. Bishop, "Generative versus discriminative methods for object recognition, " in Proc. IEEE Comput. Soc. Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., 2005, vol. 2, pp. 258-265.
15. M. Schmidt. (2008). "CRF toolkit in MATLAB, " Online. Available: http://people.cs.ubc.ca/schmidtm/Software/
16. D. C. Liu and J. Nocedal, "On the limited memory BFGS method for large scale optimization, " Math. Program., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 503-528, 1989. (Pubitemid 20660315)
17. F. Sha and O. Pereira, "Shallow parsing with conditional random fields, " in Proc. HLT-NAACL, 2003, pp. 213-220 [Online]. Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.10.9849
18. B. K. P. Horn and B. G. Schunck, "Determining optical flow, " Artif. Intell., vol. 17, nos. 1-3, pp. 185-203, 1981.
19. D. G. Lowe, "Object recognition from local scale-invariant features, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 1999, pp. 1-8.
20. B. T. F. Jurie, "Creating efficient codebooks for visual recognition, " in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Vis., 2005, pp. 604-610.