메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2011, Issue 6, 2011, Pages

Topical anaesthetics for repair of dermal laceration

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; BUPIVACAINE; COCAINE; EPINEPHRINE; ETIDOCAINE; LIDOCAINE; MEPIVACAINE; NORADRENALIN; PHENYLEPHRINE; PRILOCAINE; TETRACAINE; LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENT;

EID: 80052041876     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005364.pub2     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (30)

References (70)
  • 1
    • 0025254468 scopus 로고
    • Local anesthesia in pediatric patients: topical TAC versus lidocaine
    • [MEDLINE: 2184706]
    • Andersen AB, Colecchi C, Baronoski R, DeWitt TG. Local anesthesia in pediatric patients: topical TAC versus lidocaine. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1990;19(5):519-22. [MEDLINE: 2184706]
    • (1990) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 519-522
    • Andersen, A.B.1    Colecchi, C.2    Baronoski, R.3    DeWitt, T.G.4
  • 2
    • 0029012150 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine (TAC) with topical lidocaine-epinephrine (TLE): efficacy and cost
    • [MEDLINE: 7755827]
    • Blackburn PA, Butler KH, Hughes MJ, Clark MR, Riker RL. Comparison of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine (TAC) with topical lidocaine-epinephrine (TLE): efficacy and cost. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1995;13(3):315-7. [MEDLINE: 7755827]
    • (1995) American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 315-317
    • Blackburn, P.A.1    Butler, K.H.2    Hughes, M.J.3    Clark, M.R.4    Riker, R.L.5
  • 3
    • 0025612168 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine topical anesthetic without tetracaine for facial laceration repair in children
    • [MEDLINE: 2251022]
    • Bonadio WA, Wagner V. Efficacy of tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine topical anesthetic without tetracaine for facial laceration repair in children. Pediatrics 1990 1990;86(6):856-57. [MEDLINE: 2251022]
    • (1990) Pediatrics 1990 , vol.86 , Issue.6 , pp. 856-857
    • Bonadio, W.A.1    Wagner, V.2
  • 4
    • 0025057607 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine with cocaine alone for topical anesthesia
    • [MEDLINE: 2404436]
    • Ernst AA. Crabbe LH. Winsemius DK. Bragdon R. Link R. Comparison of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine with cocaine alone for topical anesthesia. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1990;19(1):51-4. [MEDLINE: 2404436]
    • (1990) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 51-54
    • Ernst, A.A.1    Crabbe, L.H.2    Winsemius, D.K.3    Bragdon, R.4    Link, R.5
  • 5
    • 0028910439 scopus 로고
    • Lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine gel versus tetracaine adrenaline cocaine gel for topical anesthesia in linear scalp and facial lacerations in children aged 5 to 17 years
    • [MEDLINE: 7838644]
    • Ernst AA, Marvez E, Nick TG, Chin E, Wood E, Gonzaba WT. Lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine gel versus tetracaine adrenaline cocaine gel for topical anesthesia in linear scalp and facial lacerations in children aged 5 to 17 years. Pediatrics 1995;95(2):255-8. [MEDLINE: 7838644]
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.95 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-258
    • Ernst, A.A.1    Marvez, E.2    Nick, T.G.3    Chin, E.4    Wood, E.5    Gonzaba, W.T.6
  • 6
    • 0028922473 scopus 로고
    • LAT (lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine) versus TAC (tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine) for topical anesthesia in face and scalp lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 7893297]
    • Ernst AA, Marvez-Valls E, Nick TG, Weiss SJ. LAT (lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine) versus TAC (tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine) for topical anesthesia in face and scalp lacerations. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1995;13(2):151-4. [MEDLINE: 7893297]
    • (1995) American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-154
    • Ernst, A.A.1    Marvez-Valls, E.2    Nick, T.G.3    Weiss, S.J.4
  • 7
    • 0030866305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine (LAT gel) versus injectable buffered lidocaine for local anesthesia in laceration repair
    • [MEDLINE: 9291744]
    • Ernst AA, Marvez-Valls E, Nick TG, Mills T, Minvielle L, Houry D. Topical lidocaine adrenaline tetracaine (LAT gel) versus injectable buffered lidocaine for local anesthesia in laceration repair. Western Journal of Medicine 1997;167(2):79-81. [MEDLINE: 9291744]
    • (1997) Western Journal of Medicine , vol.167 , Issue.2 , pp. 79-81
    • Ernst, A.A.1    Marvez-Valls, E.2    Nick, T.G.3    Mills, T.4    Minvielle, L.5    Houry, D.6
  • 8
    • 34248233470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding the use of topical anesthesia in wound management: sequential layered application of topical lidocaine with epinephrine
    • [MEDLINE: 17499653]
    • Gaufberg SV, Walta MJ, Workman TP. Expanding the use of topical anesthesia in wound management: sequential layered application of topical lidocaine with epinephrine. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2007;25(4):379-84. [MEDLINE: 17499653]
    • (2007) The American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 379-384
    • Gaufberg, S.V.1    Walta, M.J.2    Workman, T.P.3
  • 9
    • 0025190140 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of topical tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine anesthesia with lidocaine infiltration for repair of lacerations in children
    • [MEDLINE: 2297157]
    • Hegenbarth MA, Altieri MF, Hawk WH, Greene A, Ochsenschlager DW, O'Donnell R. Comparison of topical tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine anesthesia with lidocaine infiltration for repair of lacerations in children. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1990;12(1):63-7. [MEDLINE: 2297157]
    • (1990) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-67
    • Hegenbarth, M.A.1    Altieri, M.F.2    Hawk, W.H.3    Greene, A.4    Ochsenschlager, D.W.5    O'Donnell, R.6
  • 10
    • 0029875350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anaesthesia for children's lacerations: an acceptable approach?
    • [MEDLINE: 8653235]
    • Kendall JM, Charters A, McCabe SE. Topical anaesthesia for children's lacerations: an acceptable approach?. Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine 1997;14(1):119-22. [MEDLINE: 8653235]
    • (1997) Journal of Accident and Emergency Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 119-122
    • Kendall, J.M.1    Charters, A.2    McCabe, S.E.3
  • 12
    • 0029863110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anaesthesia for minor lacerations: MAC versus TAC
    • [MEDLINE: 8628162]
    • Kuhn M, Rossi SO, Plummer JL, Raftos J. Topical anaesthesia for minor lacerations: MAC versus TAC. Medical Journal of Australia 1996;164(5):277-80. [MEDLINE: 8628162]
    • (1996) Medical Journal of Australia , vol.164 , Issue.5 , pp. 277-280
    • Kuhn, M.1    Rossi, S.O.2    Plummer, J.L.3    Raftos, J.4
  • 13
    • 0019140868 scopus 로고
    • Local anesthesia in minor lacerations: topical TAC vs lidocaine infiltration
    • [MEDLINE: 7436066]
    • Pryor GJ, Kilpatrick WR, Opp DR. Local anesthesia in minor lacerations: topical TAC vs lidocaine infiltration. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1980;9(11):568-71. [MEDLINE: 7436066]
    • (1980) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.9 , Issue.11 , pp. 568-571
    • Pryor, G.J.1    Kilpatrick, W.R.2    Opp, D.R.3
  • 14
    • 0031741053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthesia for pediatric lacerations: a randomized trial of lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine solution versus gel
    • [MEDLINE: 9832666]
    • Resch K, Schilling C, Borchert BD, Klatzko M, Uden D. Topical anesthesia for pediatric lacerations: a randomized trial of lidocaine-epinephrine-tetracaine solution versus gel. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1998;32(6):693-7. [MEDLINE: 9832666]
    • (1998) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 693-697
    • Resch, K.1    Schilling, C.2    Borchert, B.D.3    Klatzko, M.4    Uden, D.5
  • 15
    • 0022407719 scopus 로고
    • Clinical comparison of TAC anesthetic solutions with and without cocaine
    • [MEDLINE: 4051273]
    • Schaffer DJ. Clinical comparison of TAC anesthetic solutions with and without cocaine. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1985;14(11):1077-80. [MEDLINE: 4051273]
    • (1985) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.14 , Issue.11 , pp. 1077-1080
    • Schaffer, D.J.1
  • 16
    • 0028897296 scopus 로고
    • Tetracaine, epinephrine (adrenalin), and cocaine (TAC) versus lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine (LET) for anesthesia of lacerations in children
    • [MEDLINE: 7832348]
    • Schilling CG, Bank DE, Borchert BA, Klatzko MD, Uden DL. Tetracaine, epinephrine (adrenalin), and cocaine (TAC) versus lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine (LET) for anesthesia of lacerations in children. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1995;25(2):203-8. [MEDLINE: 7832348]
    • (1995) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-208
    • Schilling, C.G.1    Bank, D.E.2    Borchert, B.A.3    Klatzko, M.D.4    Uden, D.L.5
  • 17
    • 0029872455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of topical anesthetics without cocaine to tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine and lidocaine infiltration during repair of lacerations: bupivacaine-norepinephrine is an effective new topical anesthetic agent
    • [MEDLINE: 8604261]
    • Smith GA, Strausbaugh SD, Harbeck-Weber C, Shields BJ, Powers JD, Hackenberg D. Comparison of topical anesthetics without cocaine to tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine and lidocaine infiltration during repair of lacerations: bupivacaine-norepinephrine is an effective new topical anesthetic agent. Pediatrics 1996;97(3):301-7. [MEDLINE: 8604261]
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 301-307
    • Smith, G.A.1    Strausbaugh, S.D.2    Harbeck-Weber, C.3    Shields, B.J.4    Powers, J.D.5    Hackenberg, D.6
  • 18
    • 0031031192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of topical anesthetics with lidocaine infiltration during laceration repair in children
    • [MEDLINE: 9007343]
    • Smith GA, Strausbaugh SD, Harbeck-Weber C, Shields BJ, Powers JD. Comparison of topical anesthetics with lidocaine infiltration during laceration repair in children. Clinical Pediatrics 1997;36(1):17-23. [MEDLINE: 9007343]
    • (1997) Clinical Pediatrics , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-23
    • Smith, G.A.1    Strausbaugh, S.D.2    Harbeck-Weber, C.3    Shields, B.J.4    Powers, J.D.5
  • 19
    • 0030780839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New non-cocaine-containing topical anesthetics compared with tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine during repair of lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 9346982]
    • Smith GA, Strausbaugh SD, Harbeck-Weber C, Cohen DM, Shields BJ, Powers JD. New non-cocaine-containing topical anesthetics compared with tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine during repair of lacerations. Pediatrics 1997;100(5):825-30. [MEDLINE: 9346982]
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.100 , Issue.5 , pp. 825-830
    • Smith, G.A.1    Strausbaugh, S.D.2    Harbeck-Weber, C.3    Cohen, D.M.4    Shields, B.J.5    Powers, J.D.6
  • 20
    • 0031934989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prilocaine-phenylephrine and bupivacaine-phenylephrine topical anesthetics compared with tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine during repair of lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 9517683]
    • Smith GA, Strausbaugh SD, Harbeck-Weber C, Cohen DM, Shields BJ, Powers JD, Barrett T. Prilocaine-phenylephrine and bupivacaine-phenylephrine topical anesthetics compared with tetracaine-adrenaline-cocaine during repair of lacerations. American Journal of Emergency 1998;16(2):121-4. [MEDLINE: 9517683]
    • (1998) American Journal of Emergency , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 121-124
    • Smith, G.A.1    Strausbaugh, S.D.2    Harbeck-Weber, C.3    Cohen, D.M.4    Shields, B.J.5    Powers, J.D.6    Barrett, T.7
  • 21
  • 22
    • 0022506864 scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthesia for laceration repair: tetracaine versus TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine
    • [MEDLINE: 3718621]
    • White WB, Iserson KV, Criss E. Topical anesthesia for laceration repair: tetracaine versus TAC (tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine. Journal of Emergency Medicine 1986;4(4):319-22. [MEDLINE: 3718621]
    • (1986) Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.4 , Issue.4 , pp. 319-322
    • White, W.B.1    Iserson, K.V.2    Criss, E.3
  • 23
    • 0030832247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMLA versus TAC for topical anesthesia of extremity wounds in children
    • [MEDLINE: 9250639]
    • Zempsky WT, Karasic RB. EMLA versus TAC for topical anesthesia of extremity wounds in children. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1997;30(2):163-6. [MEDLINE: 9250639]
    • (1997) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 163-166
    • Zempsky, W.T.1    Karasic, R.B.2
  • 24
    • 0031905013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the use of topical lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine solution provide sufficient anesthesia for laceration repair?
    • [MEDLINE: 9492129]
    • Adler AJ, Dubinisky I, Eisen J. Does the use of topical lidocaine, epinephrine, and tetracaine solution provide sufficient anesthesia for laceration repair?. Academic Emergency Medicine 1998;5(2):108-12. [MEDLINE: 9492129]
    • (1998) Academic Emergency Medicine , vol.5 , Issue.2 , pp. 108-112
    • Adler, A.J.1    Dubinisky, I.2    Eisen, J.3
  • 25
    • 1642393306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of topical anaesthesia at children's minor lacerations: an experimental study
    • [MEDLINE: 15041008]
    • Adriansson C, Suserud BO, Bergbom I. The use of topical anaesthesia at children's minor lacerations: an experimental study. Accident and Emergency Nursing 2004;12(2):74-84. [MEDLINE: 15041008]
    • (2004) Accident and Emergency Nursing , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 74-84
    • Adriansson, C.1    Suserud, B.O.2    Bergbom, I.3
  • 26
    • 0029245414 scopus 로고
    • Does topical lidocaine attenuate the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine?
    • [MEDLINE: 7621214]
    • Bartfield JM, Raccio-Robak N, Salluzzo RF. Does topical lidocaine attenuate the pain of infiltration of buffered lidocaine?. Academic Emergency Medicine 1995;2(2):104-8. [MEDLINE: 7621214]
    • (1995) Academic Emergency Medicine , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 104-108
    • Bartfield, J.M.1    Raccio-Robak, N.2    Salluzzo, R.F.3
  • 29
    • 0023743302 scopus 로고
    • Half-strength TAC topical anesthetic
    • [MEDLINE: 3168386]
    • Bonadio WA, Waner V. Half-strength TAC topical anesthetic. Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). 1988;27(10):495-8. [MEDLINE: 3168386]
    • (1988) Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 495-498
    • Bonadio, W.A.1    Waner, V.2
  • 30
    • 0023879375 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of TAC topical anesthetic for repair of pediatric lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 3277392]
    • Bonadio WA, Wagner V. Efficacy of TAC topical anesthetic for repair of pediatric lacerations. American Journal of Diseases of Children 1988;142(2):203-5. [MEDLINE: 3277392]
    • (1988) American Journal of Diseases of Children , vol.142 , Issue.2 , pp. 203-205
    • Bonadio, W.A.1    Wagner, V.2
  • 31
    • 0026481858 scopus 로고
    • Adrenaline-cocaine gel topical anesthetic for dermal laceration repair in children
    • [MEDLINE: 1443837]
    • Bonadio WA, Wagner VR. Adrenaline-cocaine gel topical anesthetic for dermal laceration repair in children. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1992;21(12):1435-8. [MEDLINE: 1443837]
    • (1992) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.21 , Issue.12 , pp. 1435-1438
    • Bonadio, W.A.1    Wagner, V.R.2
  • 32
    • 0029796964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safe and effective method for application of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine to oral lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 8839523]
    • Bonadio WA. Safe and effective method for application of tetracaine, adrenaline, and cocaine to oral lacerations. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1996;28(4):396-8. [MEDLINE: 8839523]
    • (1996) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 396-398
    • Bonadio, W.A.1
  • 33
    • 33748803306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital versus local anesthesia for finger lacerations: a randomized controlled trial
    • [MEDLINE: 16973640]
    • Chale S, Singer AJ, Marchini S, McBride MJ, Kennedy D. Digital versus local anesthesia for finger lacerations: a randomized controlled trial. Academic Emergency Medicine 2006;13(10):1046-50. [MEDLINE: 16973640]
    • (2006) Academic Emergency Medicine , vol.13 , Issue.10 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Chale, S.1    Singer, A.J.2    Marchini, S.3    McBride, M.J.4    Kennedy, D.5
  • 35
    • 0030704265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current concepts in laceration repair
    • [MEDLINE: 9360822]
    • Liebelt EL. Current concepts in laceration repair. Current Opinion Pediatrics 1997;9(5):459-64. [MEDLINE: 9360822]
    • (1997) Current Opinion Pediatrics , vol.9 , Issue.5 , pp. 459-464
    • Liebelt, E.L.1
  • 36
    • 84891029442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical anaesthetic applied at triage reduced treatment time in children presenting to the emergency department with minor lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: N/A]
    • Little S, Brosnahan J. Topical anaesthetic applied at triage reduced treatment time in children presenting to the emergency department with minor lacerations. Evidence-Based Nursing 2004;7(1):9. [MEDLINE: N/A]
    • (2004) Evidence-Based Nursing , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 9
    • Little, S.1    Brosnahan, J.2
  • 37
    • 0024785350 scopus 로고
    • Influence of topical anesthesia on the sedation of pediatric emergency department patients with lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 2602190]
    • Pierluisi GJ, Terndrup TE. Influence of topical anesthesia on the sedation of pediatric emergency department patients with lacerations. Pediatric Emergency Care 1989;5(4):211-5. [MEDLINE: 2602190]
    • (1989) Pediatric Emergency Care , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 211-215
    • Pierluisi, G.J.1    Terndrup, T.E.2
  • 38
    • 0037899204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of topical local anesthetic at triage reduces treatment time for children with lacerations: a randomized controlled trial
    • [MEDLINE: 12827121]
    • Priestley S, Kelly AM, Chow L, Powell C, Williams A. Application of topical local anesthetic at triage reduces treatment time for children with lacerations: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2003;42(1):34-40. [MEDLINE: 12827121]
    • (2003) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.42 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-40
    • Priestley, S.1    Kelly, A.M.2    Chow, L.3    Powell, C.4    Williams, A.5
  • 39
    • 0033949466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment of lacerations with lidocaine, epinephrine and tetracaine at triage: a randomized double-blinded trial
    • [MEDLINE: 10917323]
    • Singer A, Stark M. Pretreatment of lacerations with lidocaine, epinephrine and tetracaine at triage: a randomized double-blinded trial. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000;7(7):751-6. [MEDLINE: 10917323]
    • (2000) Academic Emergency Medicine , vol.7 , Issue.7 , pp. 751-756
    • Singer, A.1    Stark, M.2
  • 40
    • 0035096355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • LET versus EMLA for Pretreating Lacerations: A randomized trial
    • [MEDLINE: 11229943]
    • Singer A, Stark M. LET versus EMLA for Pretreating Lacerations: A randomized trial. Academic Emergency Medicine 2001;8(3):223-30. [MEDLINE: 11229943]
    • (2001) Academic Emergency Medicine , vol.8 , Issue.3 , pp. 223-230
    • Singer, A.1    Stark, M.2
  • 41
    • 0025661970 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of three formulations of TAC (tetracaine, adrenalin, cocaine) for anesthesia of minor lacerations in children
    • [MEDLINE: 2290723]
    • Smith SM, Barry RC. A comparison of three formulations of TAC (tetracaine, adrenalin, cocaine) for anesthesia of minor lacerations in children. Pediatric Emergency Care 1990;6(4):166-70. [MEDLINE: 2290723]
    • (1990) Pediatric Emergency Care , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 166-170
    • Smith, S.M.1    Barry, R.C.2
  • 42
    • 0031768598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prilocaine-phenylephrine topical anesthesia for repair of mucous membrane lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 9814396]
    • Smith G, Strausbaugh S, Harbeck-Weber C, Cohen D, Shields B, Powers J. Prilocaine-phenylephrine topical anesthesia for repair of mucous membrane lacerations. Pediatric Emergency Care 1998;14(5):324-8. [MEDLINE: 9814396]
    • (1998) Pediatric Emergency Care , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 324-328
    • Smith, G.1    Strausbaugh, S.2    Harbeck-Weber, C.3    Cohen, D.4    Shields, B.5    Powers, J.6
  • 43
    • 0031873217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetracaine-lidocaine-phenylephrine topical anethesia compared with lidocaine infiltration during repair of mucous membrane lacerations in children
    • [MEDLINE: 9675433]
    • Smith G, Strausbaugh S, Harbeck-Weber C, Cohen D, Shields B, Powers J. Tetracaine-lidocaine-phenylephrine topical anethesia compared with lidocaine infiltration during repair of mucous membrane lacerations in children. Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). 1998;37(7):405-12. [MEDLINE: 9675433]
    • (1998) Clinical Pediatrics (Philadelphia). , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 405-412
    • Smith, G.1    Strausbaugh, S.2    Harbeck-Weber, C.3    Cohen, D.4    Shields, B.5    Powers, J.6
  • 45
    • 0032430736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of topical lidocaine in pediatric laceration repair: A review of topical anesthesia
    • [MEDLINE: 9881990]
    • Stewart G, Simpson P, Rosenberg N. Use of topical lidocaine in pediatric laceration repair: A review of topical anesthesia. Pediatric Emergency Care 1998;4(6):419-23. [MEDLINE: 9881990]
    • (1998) Pediatric Emergency Care , vol.4 , Issue.6 , pp. 419-423
    • Stewart, G.1    Simpson, P.2    Rosenberg, N.3
  • 46
    • 11144336625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anesthetic effectiveness of lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine gel on finger lacerations
    • [MEDLINE: 15572968]
    • White NJ, Kim MK, Brousseau DC, Bergholte J, Hennes H. The anesthetic effectiveness of lidocaine-adrenaline-tetracaine gel on finger lacerations. Pediatric Emergency Care 2004;20(12):812-5. [MEDLINE: 15572968]
    • (2004) Pediatric Emergency Care , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 812-815
    • White, N.J.1    Kim, M.K.2    Brousseau, D.C.3    Bergholte, J.4    Hennes, H.5
  • 47
    • 0031010574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Informed consent and parental choice of anesthesia and sedation for the repair of small lacerations in children
    • [MEDLINE: 9148989]
    • Yamamoto LG, Young LL, Roberts JL. Informed consent and parental choice of anesthesia and sedation for the repair of small lacerations in children. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 1997;15(3):285-9. [MEDLINE: 9148989]
    • (1997) American Journal of Emergency Medicine , vol.15 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-289
    • Yamamoto, L.G.1    Young, L.L.2    Roberts, J.L.3
  • 49
    • 0026022896 scopus 로고
    • Patient-controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: a randomized, prospective comparison with intramuscular administration of morphine for postoperative analgesia
    • [MEDLINE: 1999793]
    • Berde CB, Lehn BM, Yee JD, Sethna NF, Russo D. Patient-controlled analgesia in children and adolescents: a randomized, prospective comparison with intramuscular administration of morphine for postoperative analgesia. Journal of Pediatrics 1991;118(3):460-6. [MEDLINE: 1999793]
    • (1991) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.118 , Issue.3 , pp. 460-466
    • Berde, C.B.1    Lehn, B.M.2    Yee, J.D.3    Sethna, N.F.4    Russo, D.5
  • 50
    • 0036714239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is cocaine needed in topical anesthesia?
    • [MEDLINE: 12204989]
    • Bush S. Is cocaine needed in topical anesthesia?. Emergency Medicine Journal 2002;19(5):418-22. [MEDLINE: 12204989]
    • (2002) Emergency Medicine Journal , vol.19 , Issue.5 , pp. 418-422
    • Bush, S.1
  • 51
    • 0025020732 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons between patients' and nurses' assessment of pain and medication efficacy in severe burn injuries
    • [MEDLINE: 2308761]
    • Choiniere M, Melzack R, Girard N, Rondeau J, Paquin MJ. Comparisons between patients' and nurses' assessment of pain and medication efficacy in severe burn injuries. Pain 1990;40(2):143-52. [MEDLINE: 2308761]
    • (1990) Pain , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 143-152
    • Choiniere, M.1    Melzack, R.2    Girard, N.3    Rondeau, J.4    Paquin, M.J.5
  • 52
    • 34347206038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting
    • [MEDLINE: 17596217]
    • Crellin D, Sullivan TP, Babl FE, O'Sullivan R, Hutchinson A. Analysis of the validation of existing behavioral pain and distress scales for use in the procedural setting. Paediatric Anaesthesia 2007;17(8):720-33. [MEDLINE: 17596217]
    • (2007) Paediatric Anaesthesia , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 720-733
    • Crellin, D.1    Sullivan, T.P.2    Babl, F.E.3    O'Sullivan, R.4    Hutchinson, A.5
  • 53
    • 0023869546 scopus 로고
    • Fatality secondary to misuse of TAC solution
    • [MEDLINE: 3337432]
    • Dailey RH. Fatality secondary to misuse of TAC solution. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1988;17(2):159-60. [MEDLINE: 3337432]
    • (1988) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 159-160
    • Dailey, R.H.1
  • 55
    • 0037784519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 7th Edition. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons
    • Facts, Comparisons Editors. Drug Facts and Comparisons, 2003. 7th Edition. St. Louis: Facts and Comparisons, 2002.
    • (2002) Drug Facts and Comparisons, 2003
  • 56
    • 0026773250 scopus 로고
    • Use of tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine as a topical anesthetic in the emergency department
    • [MEDLINE: 1497171]
    • Grant S, Hoffman R. Use of tetracaine, epinephrine, and cocaine as a topical anesthetic in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1992;21(8):987-97. [MEDLINE: 1497171]
    • (1992) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 987-997
    • Grant, S.1    Hoffman, R.2
  • 57
    • 85041746690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Highly sensitive search strategies for identifying reports of randomized controlled trials in MEDLINE; Chapter 6.3.2.1
    • Chichester, UK
    • Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Highly sensitive search strategies for identifying reports of randomized controlled trials in MEDLINE; Chapter 6.3.2.1. Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. Chichester, UK.
    • Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org
  • 58
    • 0036645713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of Office Anesthesia: Part II. Topical Anesthesia
    • [MEDLINE: 12126037]
    • Kundu S, Achar S. Principles of Office Anesthesia: Part II. Topical Anesthesia. American Family Physician 2002;66(1):99-102. [MEDLINE: 12126037]
    • (2002) American Family Physician , vol.66 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-102
    • Kundu, S.1    Achar, S.2
  • 59
    • 0027522677 scopus 로고
    • TENS for children's procedural pain
    • [MEDLINE: 8455969]
    • Lander J, Fowler-Kerry S. TENS for children's procedural pain. Pain 1993;52(2):209-16. [MEDLINE: 8455969]
    • (1993) Pain , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-216
    • Lander, J.1    Fowler-Kerry, S.2
  • 60
    • 79960705415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review Manager (RevMan)
    • 5.1. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration
    • The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). 5.1. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011.
    • (2011)
  • 61
    • 0032984260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of patient and practitioner assessments of pain from commonly performed emergency department procedures
    • [MEDLINE: 10339680]
    • Singer A, Richman P, Kowalska A, Thode H. Comparison of patient and practitioner assessments of pain from commonly performed emergency department procedures. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1999;33(6):652-8. [MEDLINE: 10339680]
    • (1999) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 652-658
    • Singer, A.1    Richman, P.2    Kowalska, A.3    Thode, H.4
  • 62
    • 0028081136 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of nurse and patient: perceptions of postsurgical pain
    • [MEDLINE: 7965368]
    • Stephenson NL. A comparison of nurse and patient: perceptions of postsurgical pain. Journal Intravenous Nursing 1994;17(5):235-9. [MEDLINE: 7965368]
    • (1994) Journal Intravenous Nursing , vol.17 , Issue.5 , pp. 235-239
    • Stephenson, N.L.1
  • 63
    • 0004118847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology And Physiology In Anesthetic Practice
    • Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
    • Stoelting R. Pharmacology And Physiology In Anesthetic Practice. Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic practice. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1999.
    • (1999) Pharmacology and physiology in anesthetic practice
    • Stoelting, R.1
  • 65
    • 0024351084 scopus 로고
    • Topical TAC solution for local anesthesia in children, prescribing inconsistency and acute toxicity
    • [MEDLINE: 2814620]
    • Tipton G, Dewitt G, Eisenstein S. Topical TAC solution for local anesthesia in children, prescribing inconsistency and acute toxicity. Southern Medical Journal 1988;82(11):1344-6. [MEDLINE: 2814620]
    • (1988) Southern Medical Journal , vol.82 , Issue.11 , pp. 1344-1346
    • Tipton, G.1    Dewitt, G.2    Eisenstein, S.3
  • 66
    • 0027468759 scopus 로고
    • Toward validation of pain measurement tools for children: a pilot study
    • [MEDLINE: 8460048]
    • Tyler D, Tu A, Douthit J, Chapman C. Toward validation of pain measurement tools for children: a pilot study. Pain 1993;52(3):301-9. [MEDLINE: 8460048]
    • (1993) Pain , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 301-309
    • Tyler, D.1    Tu, A.2    Douthit, J.3    Chapman, C.4
  • 67
    • 0032828421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cocaine absorption after application of a viscous cocaine-containing TAC solution
    • [MEDLINE: 10499951]
    • Vinci RJ, Fish S, Mirochnick M. Cocaine absorption after application of a viscous cocaine-containing TAC solution. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1999;34(4 Pt 1):498-502. [MEDLINE: 10499951]
    • (1999) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.34 , Issue.4 PART. 1 , pp. 498-502
    • Vinci, R.J.1    Fish, S.2    Mirochnick, M.3
  • 68
    • 0021277545 scopus 로고
    • Seizures following topical application of local anesthetics to burn patients
    • [MEDLINE: 6731962]
    • Wehner D, Hamilton G. Seizures following topical application of local anesthetics to burn patients. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1984;13(6):456-8. [MEDLINE: 6731962]
    • (1984) Annals of Emergency Medicine , vol.13 , Issue.6 , pp. 456-458
    • Wehner, D.1    Hamilton, G.2
  • 69
    • 0026034231 scopus 로고
    • Iontophoresis versus subcutaneous injection: a comparison of two methods of local anesthesia delivery in children
    • [MEDLINE: 2038492]
    • Zeltzer L, Regalado M, Nichter LS, Barton D, Jennings S, Pitt L. Iontophoresis versus subcutaneous injection: a comparison of two methods of local anesthesia delivery in children. Pain 1991;44(1):73-8. [MEDLINE: 2038492]
    • (1991) Pain , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-78
    • Zeltzer, L.1    Regalado, M.2    Nichter, L.S.3    Barton, D.4    Jennings, S.5    Pitt, L.6
  • 70
    • 16244392112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy and costs of various topical anesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials
    • [MEDLINE: 15809126]
    • Eidelman A, Weiss J, Enu I, Lau J, Carr D. Comparative efficacy and costs of various topical anesthetics for repair of dermal lacerations: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 2005;17(2):106-16. [MEDLINE: 15809126]
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Anesthesia , vol.17 , Issue.2 , pp. 106-116
    • Eidelman, A.1    Weiss, J.2    Enu, I.3    Lau, J.4    Carr, D.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.