Giardia lamblia: A major parasitic cause of childhood diarrhoea in patients attending a district hospital in Ghana

Parasites and Vectors

Volumn 4, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Nkrumah, Bernard ^a   Nguah, Samuel ^b  

^a KUMASI CENTRE FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH IN TROPICAL MEDICINE   (Ghana)

^b KOMFO ANOKYE TEACHING HOSPITAL   (Ghana)

Author keywords

Childhood diarrhoea; Giardia lamblia; Intestinal parasites; Rural area

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CHILDHOOD DISEASE; DIARRHEA; ENTAMOEBA DISPAR; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GHANA; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GROUPS BY AGE; HOOKWORM; HUMAN; HYMENOLEPIS NANA; INTESTINE PARASITE; MALE; MIXED INFECTION; PARASITE INCIDENCE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI; SCHOOL CHILD; STRONGYLOIDES STERCORALIS; TAENIA; TRICHURIS; ANIMAL; COHORT ANALYSIS; FECES; GIARDIASIS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROSCOPY; PARASITOLOGY; PREVALENCE; PUBLIC HOSPITAL; RURAL POPULATION;

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS; GIARDIA INTESTINALIS; TAENIA; TRICHURIS TRICHIURA;

ADOLESCENT; ANIMALS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; COHORT STUDIES; DIARRHEA; FECES; FEMALE; GHANA; GIARDIA LAMBLIA; GIARDIASIS; HOSPITALS, DISTRICT; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFANT; MALE; MICROSCOPY; PREVALENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; RURAL POPULATION;

EID: 80052035397     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17563305     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-163     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Prevalence of intestinal parasite. Adamu H, Endeshaw T, Teka T, Kife A, Petros B, Ethiop J Health Div 2006 20 1 39 47
2. Prevalence of intestinal protozoa in an aborigine community in Pahang, Malaysia. Noor Azian MY, San YM, Gan CC, Yusri MY, Nurulsyamzawaty Y, Zuhaizam AH, Maslawaty MN, Norparina I, Vythilingam I, Trop Biomed 2007 24 55 62 17568378
3. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia with or without diarrhea in South East, South East Asia and the Far East. Dib HH, Lu SQ, Wen SF, Parasitol Res 2008 103 2 239 251 10.1007/s00436-008-0968-6 18425689
4. Prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli and parasites in infants with diarrhoea in Kumasi, Ghana. Addy PAK, Antepim G, Frimpong EH, E Afr Med J 2004 81 7 353 357
5. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Food Vendors in Accra, Ghana. Ayeh-Kumi PF, Quarcoo S, Kwakye-Nuako G, Kretchy JP, Osafo-Kantanka A, Mortu S, J Trop Med Parasitol 2009 32 1 1
6. The risk of pathogenic intestinal parasite infections in Kisii Municipality, Kenya. Nyarango RM, PA A, EW K, BO N, BMC Public Health 2008 8 237 10.1186/1471-2458-8-237 18620608 (Pubitemid 352033068)
7. Health status of Thai volunteers in a cholera vaccine trial. Supanaranond W, Migasena S, Pitisuttitham P, Suntharasamai P, J Med Assoc Thai 1990 73 10 548 2280201
8. Current infection rate of Giardia lamblia in two provinces of Thailand. Wongjindanon N, Suksrichavalit T, Subsutti W, Sarachart T, Worapisuttiwong U, Norramatha P, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005 36 suppl 4 21 25 16438174
9. Acute childhood diarrhoea in northern Ghana: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics. Reither K, Ignatius R, Weitzel T, Seidu-Korkor A, Anyidoho L, Saad E, Djie-Maletz A, Ziniel P, Amoo-Sakyi F, Danikuu F, BMC Infect Dis 2007 7 1 104 10.1186/1471-2334-7-104 17822541
10. Interdisciplinary consultation on development of national food safety program. WHO, 1992 Volume 19/E/L:1-2. WHO
11. Intestinal parasitic infections in man: A review. Norhayati M, Fatmah MS, Yusof S, Med J Malaysia 2003 58 2 10
12. Giardiasis as a predictor of childhood malnutrition in Orang Asli children in Malaysia. Al-Mekhlafi MS, Azlin M, Aini U, Shaik A, Sa'iah A, Fatmah MS, Ismail MG, Ahmad Firdaus MS, Aisah MY, Rozlida AR, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2005 99 9 686 691 10.1016/j.trstmh.2005.02.006 15992838 (Pubitemid 40945758)
13. Short communication: Prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in northern Ghana. Verweij JJ, Oostvogel F, Brienen EAT, Nang Beifubah A, Ziem J, Polderman AM, Trop Med Int Health 2003 8 12 1153 1156 10.1046/j.1360-2276.2003.01145.x 14641852 (Pubitemid 38005417)
14. Cryptosporidiosis in diarrhoeal children in Kumasi, Ghana. Addy PA, Aikins-Bekoe P, Lancet 1986 1 8483 735 2870240 (Pubitemid 16143135)
15. The occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Ghanaian patients with diarrhoea. Adjei O, Agbemadzo T, Addy PAK, E Afr Med J 1987 64 108 113
16. Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea among children at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana. Adjei AA, Armah H, Rodrigues O, Renner L, Borketey P, Ayeh-Kumi P, Adiku T, Sifah E, Lartey M, Jpn J Infect Dis 2004 57 5 216 219 15507781 (Pubitemid 39545702)
17. An investigation of the prevalence of intestinal parasites in pre-school children in Ghana. Annan A, Crompton DWT, Walters DE, Arnold SE, Parasitol 1986 92 01 209 217 10.1017/S0031182000063563 (Pubitemid 16170465)
18. http://www.asanteakimnorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh
19. Basic Laboratory methods in medical parasitology. WHO, Geveva: World Health Organisation 1991
20. Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites among pre-school children, Gaza, Palestine. Al-Hindi AI, El-Kichaoi A, The Islamic University Journal (Series of Natural Studies and Engineering) 2008 16 1 125 130
21. Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among Children in Day-care Centers in Damghan-Iran. Heidari A, Rokni MB, Iranian J Publ Health 2003 32 1 31 34
22. Prevalence of Giardia lamblia infection in Amman, Jordan. Shakkoury WA, Wandy EA, Pak J Med Sci 2005 21 2 199 201 (Pubitemid 40978955)
23. Comparison of the direct faecal smear and two thick smear techniques for the diagnosis of intestinal parasitic infections. Engels D, Nahimana S, Gryseels B, Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg 1996 90 5 523 525 10.1016/S0035-9203(96)90304-1 8944262 (Pubitemid 26356631)
24. Direct wet mounts versus concentration for routine parasitological examination: are both necessary? Watson B, Blitzer M, Rubin H, Nachamkin I, Am J Clin Pathol 1988 89 3 389 3348174
25. Melvin DM, Brooke MM, National Communicable Disease C, Laboratory procedures for the diagnosis of intestinal parasites US National Communicable Disease Center, Laboratory Division, Laboratory Consultation and Development Section; for sale by the Supt. of Docs., US Govt. Print. Off., Washington (Atlanta) 1969
26. Viewpoint: The neglect of stool microscopy for intestinal parasites and possible solutions. Parija SC, Srinivasa H, Trop Med Int Health 1999 4 7 522 524 10.1046/j.1365-3156.1999.00434.x 10470345 (Pubitemid 29369905)
27. Garcia LS, Practical guide to diagnostic parasitology American Society for Microbiology 1999
28. Accuracy of diagnosis of intestinal helminth parasites in a reference diagnostic laboratory in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Tay SCK, Gbedema SY, Gyampomah TK, Int J Parasitol Research 2011 3 1 12 17
29. Examination of preserved stool specimens for parasites: lack of value of the direct wet mount. Estevez EG, Levine JA, J Clin Microbiol 1985 22 4 666 2416772
30. An update on the geohelminths: Ascaris lumbricoides, Hookworms, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis. Pearson RD, Curr Infect Dis Rep 2002 4 1 59 64 10.1007/s11908-002-0068-1 11853658
31. Differences in microscopic diagnosis of helminths and intestinal protozoa among diagnostic centres. Raso G, N'Goran EK, Marti HP, Utzinger J, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2006 25 5 344 347 10.1007/s10096-006-0135-x 16786381
32. Comparative evaluation of direct stool smear and formol-ether concentration methods in the identification of Cryptosporidium species. Akujobi CN, Ogunsola FT, Iregbu KC, Odugbemi TO, Nig J Health & Biomedical Sci 2005 4 1 5 7 16797814
33. Basic Laboratory Methods in Medical Parasitology. World Health Organization, Geneva: World Health Organization. Geneva 1991
34. A study of the aetiological agents of childhood diarrhoea in Lagos, Nigeria. Ogunsanya TI, Rotimi VO, Adenuga A, J Med Microbiol 1994 40 1 10 10.1099/00222615-40-1-10 8289209
35. No Paragonimus in high-risk groups in Cote d'Ivoire, but considerable prevalence of helminths and intestinal protozoon infections. Traoré SG, Odermatt P, Bonfoh B, Utzinger J, Aka ND, Adoubryn KD, Assoumou A, Dreyfuss G, Koussémon M, Parasites & Vectors 2011 4 96 10.1186/1756-3305-4-96 21863592
36. Changing trends in intestinal parasitic infections among long-term-residents and settled immigrants in Qatar. Abu-Madi MA, Behnke JM, Doiphode SH, Parasites & Vectors 2010 3 98 10.1186/1756-3305-3-98 21863592
37. Intestinal parasites in children with diarrhea in Delhi, India. Kaur R, Rawat D, Kakkar M, Uppal B, Sharma VK, Southeast Asian J Trop Med Publ Health 2002 33 4 725 729
38. Giardia assemblage A infection and diarrhea in Bangladesh. Haque R, Roy S, Kabir M, Stroup SE, Mondal D, Houpt ER, J Infect Dis 2005 192 12 2171 2173 10.1086/498169 16288384 (Pubitemid 41779218)
39. Transmission cycles of Giardia duodenalis in dogs and humans in Temple communities in Bangkok - a critical evaluation of its prevalence using three diagnostic tests in the field in the absence of a gold standard. Traub RJ, Inpankaew T, Reid SA, Sutthikornchai C, Sukthana Y, Robertson ID, Thompson RC, Acta Tropica 2009 111 2 125 132 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.03.006 19524080
40. Giardia. Heresi G, Cleary TG, Ped Rev 1997 18 7 243 10.1542/pir.18-7-243