Integrating livelihoods and conservation in protected areas: Understanding the role and stakeholder views on prospects for non-timber forest products, a Bangladesh case study

International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 180-188

  Mukul, Sharif Ahmed ^a   Uddin, Mohammad Belal ^a,b   Manzoor Rashid, A Z M ^a,c   Fox, Jefferson ^d  

^a SHAHJALAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Bangladesh)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BAYREUTH   (Germany)

^c SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^d EAST WEST CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Biodiversity loss; Ecological consensus; Forest based livelihood; Harvesting pattern; Rural poverty; Sustainability

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT; DEVELOPING WORLD; ESTIMATION METHOD; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FOREST MANAGEMENT; HARVESTING; INTEGRATED APPROACH; MANAGEMENT PRACTICE; NONTIMBER FOREST PRODUCT; PROTECTED AREA; QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY; RURAL AREA; STAKEHOLDER; SUSTAINABILITY;

EID: 80052031006     PISSN: 13504509     EISSN: 17452627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13504500903549676     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Abakerli S. 2001. A critique of development and conservation policies in environmentally sensitive regions of Brazil. Geoforum. 32(2001):551-565. (Pubitemid 32876367)
2. Ambrose-Oji B. 2003. The contribution of NTFPs to the livelihoods of the 'forest poor': evidence from the tropical forest zone of south-west Cameroon. Int For Rev. 5(2):106-117. (Pubitemid 36922675)
3. Angelsen A, Wunder S. 2003. Exploring the forest-poverty link: key concepts, issues and research implications. Bogor (Indonesia): Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). CIFOR Occasional Paper No. 40.
4. Arjunan M, Puyravaud JP, Davidar P. 2005. The impact of resource collection by local communities on the dry forests of the Kalakad-Mundanthuri Tiger Reserve. Trop Ecol. 46(2):135-143. (Pubitemid 44966174)
5. Arnold J E M, Ruiz Perez M. 1998. The role of non-timber forest products in conservation and development. In: Wollenberg E, Ingles A, editors. Incomes from the forest, methods for the conservation and development of forest products for local communities. Borgor (Indonesia): Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). p. 17-42.
6. Arnold J E M, Ruiz Pérez M. 2001. Can non-timber forest products match tropical forest conservation and development objectives? Ecol Econ. 39(3):437-447. (Pubitemid 34029857)
7. Badola R. 1998. Attitudes of local people towards conservation and alternatives to forest resources: a case study from the lower Himalayas. Biodivers Conserv. 7:1245-1259. (Pubitemid 29092115)
8. Badola R, Hussain SA. 2003. Conflict in paradise: women and protected areas in the Indian Himalayas. Mt Res Dev. 23(3):234-237. (Pubitemid 37156065)
9. Bahuguna VK. 2000. Forests in the economy of rural poor: an estimation of the dependency level. Ambio. 29(3):126-129. (Pubitemid 30343439)
10. Baird IG, Dearden P. 2003. Biodiversity conservation and resource tenure regimes: a case study from northeast Cambodia. Environ Manage. 32(5):541-550. (Pubitemid 38129617)
11. Basit MA. 1995. Non-wood forest products from the Mangrove Forests of Bangladesh. In: Durst PB, Bishop A, editors. Beyond timber: social, economic and cultural dimensions of non-wood forest products in Asia and the Pacific. Proceedings of a regional expert consultation held in Bangkok, Nov. 28 to 1994 Dec. 2. Bangkok (Thailand): FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (FAO-RAP). p. 193-200.
12. Bawa KS, Gadgil M. 1997. Ecosystem services, subsistence economies and conservation of biodiversity. In: Daily G, editor. Nature's services: societal dependence on natural systems. Washington (DC): Island Press. p. 295-310.
13. Belcher B, Ruiz-Pérez M, Achdiawan R. 2005. Global patterns and trends in the use and management of commercial NTFPs: implications for livelihoods and conservation. World Dev. 33(9):1435-1452. (Pubitemid 41136219)
14. Chape S, Blyth S, Fish L, Fox P, Spalding M, editors. 2003. United Nations list of protected areas. Gland (Switzerland): IUCN. Cambridge (UK): UNEP-WCMC.
15. Choudhury JK, Biswas SR, Islam MS, Rahman O, Uddin SN. 2004. Biodiversity of Satchari Reserved Forest, Habiganj. Dhaka (Bangladesh): IUCN Bangladesh Country Office.
16. Clerici N, Bodini A, Eva H, Gregoire J, Dulieu D, Paolini C. 2007. Increased isolation of two biosphere reserves and surrounding protected areas (WAP ecological complex, West Africa). J Nat Conserv. 15:26-40. (Pubitemid 46109964)
17. Das BK. 2005. Role of NTFPs among forest villagers in a protected area of West Bengal. J Hum Ecol. 18(2):129-136.
18. De Beer JH, McDermott MJ. 1996. The economic value of non-timber forest products in Southeast Asia. 2nd ed. Amsterdam (The Netherlands): Netherlands Committee for IUCN.
19. De Fries R, Hansen A, Turner BL, Reid R, Liu J. 2007. Land use change around protected areas: management to balance human needs and ecological function. Ecol Appl. 17(4):1031-1038. (Pubitemid 351328142)
20. Dove MR. 1993. A revisionist view of tropical deforestation and development. Environ Conserv. 20(1):17-24.
21. Evans MI. 1993. Conservation by commercialization. In: Hladik CM, Hladik A, Linares OF, Pagezy H, Semple A, Hadley M, editors. Tropical forests, people and food: bio-cultural interactions and applications to development. Paris (France): UNESCO. p. 815-822. (MAB series; Vol. 13).
22. Feeroz MM. 2003. Wildlife diversity in Satchari forest of north-eastern region of Bangladesh. Bangladesh J Life Sci. 15(1):61-76.
23. Gadgil M. 1990. India's deforestation: patterns and processes. Soc Nat Resour. 3:131-141.
24. Ganeshaiah KN, Uma Shaanker R, Murali KS, Shanker U, Bawa KS. 1998. Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills. 5. Influence of dispersal mode on species response to anthropogenic pressures. Econ Bot. 52:316-319. (Pubitemid 28398262)
25. Ghimire KB. 1994. Parks and people: livelihood issues in national parks management in Thailand and Madagascar. Dev Change. 25:195-229.
26. Ghimire KB, Pimbert MP. 1997. Social change and conservation: an overview of issues and concepts. In: Ghimire KB, Pimbert MP, editors. Social change and conservation: environmental politics and impacts of national parks and protected areas. London (UK): Earthscan. p. 1-45.
27. Gubbi S, MacMillan DC. 2008. Can non-timber forest products solve livelihood problems? A case study from Periyar Tiger Reserve, India. Oryx. 42(2):222-228. (Pubitemid 351543430)
28. Hales D. 1989. Changing concepts of national parks. In: Western D, Pearl M, editors. Conservation for the Twenty-first Century. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press.
29. Hegde R, Enters T. 2000. Forest products and household economy: a case study from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India. Environ Conserv. 27(3):250-259. (Pubitemid 32054997)
30. Hegde R, Suryaprakash S, Achoth L, Bawa KS. 1996. Extraction of non-timber forest products in the forest of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 1. Contribution to rural income. Econ Bot. 50:243-251.
31. [IIED] International Institute for Environment and Development. 2003. Valuing forests: a review of methods and applications in developing countries. Environmental Economics Programme. London (UK): International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
32. Iqbal M. 1993. International trade in non-wood forest products: an overview. Rome (Italy): Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
33. Kaimowitz D, Sheil D. 2007. Conserving what and for whom? Why conservation should help meet basic human needs in the tropics. Biotropica. 39(5):567-574. (Pubitemid 47325186)
34. Koziell I, Saunders J, editors. 2001. Living off biodiversity: exploring livelihoods and biodiversity. London (UK): International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
35. Laurance WF. 2007. Forest destruction in tropical Asia. Curr Sci. 93(11):1544-1550.
36. Mahapapatra AK, Albers HJ, Robinson E J Z. 2005. The impact of NTFP sales on rural households' cash income in India's dry deciduous forest. Environ Manage. 35(3):258-265. (Pubitemid 40874637)
37. Mbile P, Vabi M, Meboka M, Okon D, Arrey-Mbo J, Nkongho F, Ebong E. 2005. Linking management and livelihood in environmental conservation: case of the Korup National Park Cameroon. J Environ Manage. 76(2005):1-13. (Pubitemid 40613514)
38. McNeely J, Scherr S. 2003. Ecoagriculture: strategies to feed the world and conserve wild biodiversity. Washington (DC): Island Press.
39. Mollah AR, Kundu DK, Rahman MM. 2004. Site-level field appraisal for protected area co-management: Satchari Reserve Forest. Dhaka (Bangladesh): Nature Conservation and Management (NACOM).
40. Mukul SA. 2007a. Biodiversity conservation strategies in Bangladesh: the state of protected areas. Tigerpaper. 34(3):28-32.
41. Mukul SA. 2007b. Bridging livelihoods and forest conservation in protected areas: exploring the role and scope of non-timber forest products. Field experience from Satchari National Park, Habiganj, Bangladesh [BSc. dissertation]. Sylhet (Bangladesh): Shahjalal University of Science and Technology.
42. Mukul SA, Quazi SA. 2009. Communities in conservation: changing protected area management and enhanced conservation in Bangladesh. In: Lesile RN, editor. Proceedings of the international conference; 'The Future of Forests in Asia and the Pacific: Outlook for 2020' held in 2007 Oct. 16-18 at, Chiang Mai (Thailand). p. 143-159.
43. Mukul SA, Uddin MB, Tito MR. 2007. Medicinal plant diversity and local healthcare among the people living in and around a conservation area of northern Bangladesh. Int J For Usufructs Manage. 8(2):50-63.
44. Mukul SA, Uddin MB, Uddin MS, Khan M A S A, Marzan B. 2008. Protected areas of Bangladesh: current status and efficacy for biodiversity conservation. Proc Pakistan Acad Sci. 45(2):59-68.
45. Mulongoy KJ, Chape SP, editors. 2004. Protected areas and biodiversity: an overview of key issues. Montreal (Canada): CBD Secretariat. Cambridge (UK): UNEP-WCMC.
46. Myers N. 1988. Tropical forests: much more than stocks of wood. J Trop Ecol. 4:209-221. (Pubitemid 19287738)
47. Nagothu US. 2003. Local people's attitudes towards conservation and wildlife around Sariska Tiger Reserve, India. J Environ Manage. 69:339-347.
48. Naughton-Treves L, Holland MB, Brandon K. 2005. The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods. Annu Rev Environ Resour. 30:219-252. (Pubitemid 41750941)
49. Nepal SK, Weber KE. 1995. Managing resources and resolving conflicts: national parks and local people. Int J Sustain Dev World Ecol. 2(1995):11-25.
50. Nepstad D, Schwartzman S, editors. 1992. Non-timber products from tropical forests: evaluation of a conservation and development strategy. New York (US): New York Botanical Garden. (Advances in Economic Botany; Vol. 9).
51. Neumann RP, Hirsch E. 2000. Commercialisation of non-timber forest products: review and analysis of research. Bogor (Indonesia): CIFOR.
52. Nishat A, Huq S M I, Barua SP, Reza A H M A, Khan A S M, editors. 2002. Bio-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Dhaka (Bangladesh): IUCN.
53. [NSP] Nishorgo Support Project. 2006. Management plans for Satchari National Park. Dhaka (Bangladesh): Nishorgo Support Project.
54. Ormsby A, Kaplin BA. 2005. A framework for understanding community resident perceptions on Masoala National Park, Madagascar. Environ Conserv. 32(2):156-164. (Pubitemid 41391670)
55. Peters CM. 1996. Observations on the sustainable exploitation of non-timber tropical forest products. In: Ruiz Perez M, Arnold JEM, editors. Current issues in non-timber forest products research. Bogor (Indonesia): CIFOR. p. 19-40.
56. Pimbert MP, Pretty JN. 1997. Parks, people and professionals: putting 'participation' protected-area management. In: Ghimire K, Pimbert MP, editors. Social change and conservation. London (UK): Earthscan. p. 297-330.
57. Plotkin MJ, Famolare LM. editors. 1992. Sustainable harvest and marketing of rainforest products. Washington (DC): Island Press.
58. Rasul G, Karkri M, Sah RP. 2008. The role of non-timber forest products in poverty reduction in India: prospects and problems. Dev Pract. 18(6):779-788.
59. Ros-Tonen M, Dijkman W, Van Bueren EL. 1995. Commercial and sustainable extraction of non-timber forest products - towards a policy and management oriented research strategy. Wageningen (The Netherlands): Tropenbos Foundation.
60. Scherr SJ, White A, Kaimowitz D. 2004. A new agenda for forest conservation and poverty reduction - making markets work for low-income producers. Washington (DC): Forest Trends. Bogor (Indonesia): CIFOR, Cambridge (UK): IUCN.
61. Shackleton CM, Guthrie G, Main R. 2005. Estimating the potential role of commercial over-harvesting in resource viability: a case study of five useful tree species in South Africa. Land Degrad Dev. 16:273-286. (Pubitemid 40876154)
62. Shackleton CM, Shackleton S. 2004. The importance of nontimber forest products in rural livelihood security and as safety nets: a review of evidence from South Africa. S Afr J Sci. 100:658-664. (Pubitemid 40623316)
63. Shahabuddin G, Prasad S. 2004. Assessing ecological sustainability of non-timber forest produce extraction: the Indian scenario. Conserv Soc. 2(2):235-250.
64. Silori CS. 2007. Perception of local people towards conservation of forest resources in Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, northwestern Himalaya, India. Biodivers Conserv. 16:211-222.
65. [IUCN] The World Conservation Union. 1994. Guidelines for protected area management categories. Cambridge (UK): The World Conservation Union (IUCN).
66. Ticktin T. 2004. The ecological implications of harvesting nontimber forest products. J Appl Ecol. 41:11-21. (Pubitemid 38204094)
67. Ticktin T, Nantel P, Ramirez F, Johns T. 2002. Effects of variation on harvest limits for non-timber forest species in Mexico. Conserv Biol. 16(3):691-705. (Pubitemid 34592924)
68. Uma Shaanker R, Ganeshaiah KN, Krishnan S, Ramya R, Meera C, Aravind NA, Kumar A, Rao D, Vanaraj G, Ramachandra J, et al. 2004. Livelihood gains and ecological costs of non-timber forest product dependence: assessing the roles of dependence, ecological knowledge and market structure in three contrasting human and ecological settings in south India. Environ Conserv. 31:242-253. (Pubitemid 40186435)
69. Uma Shankar R, Lama SD, Bawa KS. 2001. Ecology and economics of domestication of non-timber forest products: an illustration of broomgrass in Darjeeling Himalaya. J Trop For Sci. 13(1):171-191. (Pubitemid 32990844)
70. Uma Shankar R, Murali KS, Uma Shaanker R, Ganeshaiah KN, Bawa KS. 1996. Extraction of nontimber forest products in the forests of Biligiri Rangan Hills, India. 3. Productivity, extraction and prospects of sustainable harvest of amla, Phyllanthus emblica (Euphorbiaceae). Econ Bot. 50:270-279.
71. Wells MP, McShane TO. 2004. Integrating protected area management with local needs and aspirations. Ambio. 33(8):513-519. (Pubitemid 40033398)
72. Wollenberg E. 2000. Methods for estimating forest income and their challenges. Soc Nat Resour. 13:777-795. (Pubitemid 32013366)
73. Wunder S. 2000. Poverty alleviation and tropical forests - What scope for synergies? World Dev. 29(11):1817-1833. (Pubitemid 33033814)