Placing inspection time, reaction time, and perceptual speed in the broader context of cognitive ability: The VPR model in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

Intelligence

Volumn 39, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 405-417

  Johnson, Wendy ^a,b   Deary, Ian J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive ability; Information processing speed; Inspection time; Reaction time; VPR model

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052021896     PISSN: 01602896     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2011.07.003     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. Akaike H. Information measures and model selection. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute 1983, 50:277-290.
2. Browne M., Cudeck R. Alternative methods of assessing model fit. Sociological Methods and Research 1992, 21:230-258.
3. Burns N.R., Nettelbeck T. Inspection time in the structure of cognitive abilities: Where does IT fit?. Intelligence 2003, 31:237-255.
4. Carroll J.B. Human cognitive abilities: A survey of factor analytic studies 1993, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
5. Cattell R.B. The measurement of adult intelligence. Psyhological Bulletin 1943, 40:153-193.
6. Cattell R.B. The theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology 1963, 54:1-22.
7. Cattell R.B. Abilities: Their structure, growth, and action 1971, Houghton-Mifflin, Boston.
8. Crawford J.R., Deary I.J., Allan K.M., Gustafsson J.-E. Evaluating competing models of the relationship between inspection time and psychometric intelligence. Intelligence 1998, 26:27-42.
9. Danthiir V., Wilhelm O., Schulze R., Roberts R.D. Factor structure and validity of paper-and-pencil measures of mental speed: Evidence for a higher-order model?. Intelligence 2005, 33:491-514.
10. Deary I.J. Inspection time and WAIS-R IQ subtypes: A confirmatory factor analysis study. Intelligence 1993, 17:223-236.
11. Deary I.J. Looking down on human intelligence: From psychometrics to the brain 2000, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
12. Deary I.J., Gow A.J., Taylor M.D., Corley J., Brett C., Wilson V., et al. The Lothian Birth Cohort 1936: A study to examine influences on cognitive ageing from age 11 to age 70 and beyond. BMC Genetics 2007, 7:28.
13. Deary I.J., Stough C. Intelligence and inspection time: Achievements, prospects, and comments. American Psychologist 1996, 51:599-608.
14. Deary I.J., Whiteman M.C., Whalley L.J., Fox H.C., Starr J.M. The impact of childhood intelligence on later life: Following up the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2004, 86:132-147.
15. Eysenck H.J. The theory of intelligence and the psychophysiology of intelligence. Advances in the study of human intelligence 1986, vol. 3:135-171. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
16. Eysenck H.J. Speed of information processing, reaction time, and the theory of intelligence. Speed of information-processing and intelligence 1987, 21-68. Ablex, Norwood, NJ. P.A. Vernon (Ed.).
17. Gignac G. Working memory and fluid intelligence are both identical to g?! Reanalyses and critical evaluation. Psychology Science 2007, 49:187-207.
18. Gregory T., Nettelbeck T., Howard S., Wilson C. Inspection time: A biomarker for cognitive decline. Personality and Individual Differences 2009, 46:71-73.
19. Horn J.L. Human abilities: A review of research and theory in the 1970's. Annual Review of Psychology 1976, 27:437-485.
20. Horn J.L. Models of intelligence. Intelligence: Measurement, theory, and public policy 1989, 29-73. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, IL. R.L. Linn (Ed.).
21. Hunt E.G., Frost N., Lunneborg C.L. Individual differences in cognition: A new approach to intelligence. Advances in learning and motivation 1973, vol. 7:37-74. Academic, New York.
22. Jensen A.R. Chronometric analysis of mental ability. Journal of Social and Biological Structures 1980, 3:181-224.
23. Jensen A.R. Individual differences in the Hick paradigm. Speed of information processing and intelligence 1987, 76-103. Ablex, Norwood, NJ. P.A. Vernon (Ed.).
24. Jensen A.R. Clocking the mind 2006, Elsevier, Amsterdam.
25. Johnson R.C. Galton's data a century later. American Psychologist 1985, 40:875-892.
26. Johnson W., Bouchard T.J. The structure of human intelligence: It's verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR) not fluid and crystallized. Intelligence 2005, 33:393-416.
27. Johnson W., Bouchard T.J. Constructive replication of the verbal-perceptual-image rotation model in Thurstone's (1941) battery of 60 tests of mental ability. Intelligence 2005, 33:417-430.
28. Johnson W., te Nijenhuis J., Bouchard T.J. Replication of the hierarchical verbal-perceptual-image rotation model in de Wolff & Buiten's (1963) battery of 46 tests of mental ability. Intelligence 2007, 35:69-81.
29. Kail P., Carter P., Pelligrino J. The locus of sex differences in spatial ability. Perception & Psychophysics 1979, 26:182-186.
30. Keating D.P., Bobbitt B.L. Individual differences in cognitive processing components of mental ability. Child Development 1978, 49:155-167.
31. Little R.J., Rubin D. Statistical analysis with missing data 1987, Wiley, New York.
32. McGrew K.S. Analysis of the major intelligence batteries according to a proposed comprehensive Gf-Gc framework. Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues 1997, 151-179. Guilford Press, New York. D.P. Flanagan, G.T. Genshaft, P.T. Harris (Eds.).
33. Muthen L.K., Muthen B.O. Mplus: Statistical analysis with latent variables, user's guide 1998-2006, Muthen & Muthen, Los Angeles. 4th Edition.
34. Nettelbeck T. Inspection time and intelligence. Speed of information processing and intelligence 1987, 295-346. Ablex, Norwood, NJ. P.A. Vernon (Ed.).
35. Nettelbeck T. Correlation between inspection time and psychometric abilities: A personal interpretation. Intelligence 2001, 29:459-474.
36. Nettelbeck T., Wilson C. The Flynn effect: Smarter not faster. Intelligence 2004, 32:85-93.
37. O'Connor T.A., Burns N.R. Inspection time and speed of processing. Personality and Individual Differences 2003, 35:713-724.
38. Rabbitt P. Do individual differences in speed reflect "global" or "local" differences in mental abilities. Intelligence 1996, 22:69-88.
39. Raftery A.E. Bayesian model selection in social research. Sociological Methodology 1995, 25:111-163.
40. Roberts R.D., Stankov L. Individual differences in speed of mental processing and human cognitive abilities: Toward a taxonomic model. Learning and Individual Differences 1999, 11:1-120.
41. Salthouse T.A. Theoretical perspectives on cognitive aging 1991, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
42. Scottish Council for Research in Education The Trend of Scottish Intelligence 1949, University of London Press, London.
43. Thomson G. The factorial analysis of human ability 1939, Houghton Mifflin Co, London.
44. van der Maas H.J., Dolan C.V., Grasman R.P., Wicherts J.M., Huizenga H.M., Raijmakers M.E. A dynamical model of general intelligence: The positive manifold of intelligence by mutualism. Psychological Review 2006, 113:842-861.
45. Vernon P.E. The structure of human abilities 1964, Methuen, London.
46. Vernon P.E. Ability factors and environmental influences. American Psychologist 1965, 20:723-733.
47. Vernon P.A. Speed of information processing and intelligence. Intelligence 1983, 7:53-70.
48. Vickers D. Decision processes in visual perception 1979, Academic, London.
49. Waiter G.D., Fox H.C., Murray A.D., Starr J.M., Staff R.T., Bourne V.J., et al. Is retaining the youthful functional anatomy underlying speed of information processing a signature of successful cognitive ageing? A fMRI study of inspection time performance. NeuroImage 2008, 41:581-595.
50. Wilhelm O., Schulze R. The relation of speeded and unspeeded reasoning with mental speed. Intelligence 2002, 30:537-554.
51. Yung Y.-F., Thissen D., McLeod L.D. On the relationship between the higher-order factor model and the hierarchical factor model. Psychometrika 1999, 64:113-128.