Olfactory threshold is impaired in early, active multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Volumn 17, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 964-969

  Lutterotti, A ^a   Vedovello, M ^a,b   Reindl, M ^a   Ehling, R ^a   Dipauli, F ^a   Kuenz, B ^a   Gneiss, C ^a   Deisenhammer, F ^a   Berger, T ^a  

^a INNSBRUCK MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Austria)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERONA   (Italy)

Author keywords

disease activity; multiple sclerosis; olfaction; smell threshold; Sniffin sticks

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICALLY ISOLATED SYNDROME; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; DISABILITY; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPOSMIA; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; OLFACTORY DISCRIMINATION; OLFACTORY SYSTEM; PERCEPTIVE THRESHOLD; QUALITY OF LIFE; SYNDROME;

EID: 80052005758     PISSN: 13524585     EISSN: 14770970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1352458511399798     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Moscavitch SD, Szyper-Kravitz M, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune pathology accounts for common manifestations in a wide range of neuro-psychiatric disorders: the olfactory and immune system interrelationship. Clin Immunol. 2009 ; 130: 235-243
2. Doty RL, Li C, Mannon LJ, Yousem DM. Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 1997 ; 336: 1918-1919
3. Doty RL, Li C, Mannon LJ, Yousem DM. Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Relation to plaque load in inferior frontal and temporal lobes. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998 ; 855: 781-786 (Pubitemid 29110070)
4. Doty RL, Li C, Mannon LJ, Yousem DM. Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: relation to longitudinal changes in plaque numbers in central olfactory structures. Neurology. 1999 ; 53: 880-882 (Pubitemid 29448321)
5. Hawkes CH, Shephard BC, Kobal G. Assessment of olfaction in multiple sclerosis: evidence of dysfunction by olfactory evoked response and identification tests. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1997 ; 63: 145-151 (Pubitemid 27388961)
6. Zivadinov R, Zorzon M, Monti Bragadin L, Pagliaro G, Cazzato G. Olfactory loss in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci. 1999 ; 168: 127-130 (Pubitemid 29467430)
7. Zorzon M, Ukmar M, Bragadin LM, et al. Olfactory dysfunction and extent of white matter abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a clinical and MR study. Mult Scler. 2000 ; 6: 386-390 (Pubitemid 32106799)
8. Hummel T, Kobal G, Gudziol H, Mackay-Sim A. Normative data for the "Sniffin' Sticks" including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a group of more than 3,000 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007 ; 264: 237-243 (Pubitemid 46214098)
9. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann Neurol. 2005 ; 58: 840-846 (Pubitemid 41746873)
10. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Neurology. 1983 ; 33: 1444-1452 (Pubitemid 14237132)
11. Steer RA, Ball R, Ranieri WF, Beck AT. Dimensions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II in clinically depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychol. 1999 ; 55: 117-128 (Pubitemid 29044746)
12. Gold SM, Heesen C, Schulz H, et al. Disease specific quality of life instruments in multiple sclerosis: validation of the Hamburg Quality of Life Questionnaire in Multiple Sclerosis (HAQUAMS). Mult Scler. 2001 ; 7: 119-130 (Pubitemid 32514527)
13. Hobart J, Lamping D, Fitzpatrick R, Riazi A, Thompson A. The Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29): a new patient-based outcome measure. Brain. 2001 ; 124: 962-973 (Pubitemid 32458508)
14. Shoenfeld N, Agmon-Levin N, Flitman-Katzevman I, et al. The sense of smell in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 ; 60: 1484-1487
15. Constantinescu CS, Raps EC, Cohen JA, West SE, Doty RL. Olfactory disturbances as the initial or most prominent symptom of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994 ; 57: 1011-1012 (Pubitemid 24251080)
16. Atanasova B, Graux J, El Hage W, Hommet C, Camus V, Belzung C. Olfaction: a potential cognitive marker of psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008 ; 32: 1315-1325
17. Martzke JS, Kopala LC, Good KP. Olfactory dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders: review and methodological considerations. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 ; 42: 721-732 (Pubitemid 27444507)
18. Shoenfeld Y. To smell autoimmunity: anti-P-ribosomal autoantibodies, depression, and the olfactory system. J Autoimmun. 2007 ; 28: 165-169 (Pubitemid 46670694)
19. McDonald WI. The mystery of the origin of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 ; 49: 113-123 (Pubitemid 16155683)
20. Peters G. Handbuch der speziellen Pathologischen Anatomie und Histologie. Erkrankungen des Zentralen Nervensystems II. 1958 ; XIII: 525-590
21. Gay D, Dick G, Upton G. Multiple sclerosis associated with sinusitis: case-controlled study in general practice. Lancet. 1986 ; 1: 815-819 (Pubitemid 16128947)
22. Doty RL, Smith R, McKeown DA, Raj J. Tests of human olfactory function: principal components analysis suggests that most measure a common source of variance. Percept Psychophys. 1994 ; 56: 701-707
23. Pinching AJ. Clinical testing of olfaction reassessed. Brain. 1977 ; 100: 377-388 (Pubitemid 8130482)