Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in the Canadian Arctic atmosphere

Environmental Chemistry

Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 399-406

  Ahrens, Lutz ^a   Shoeib, Mahiba ^a   Del Vento, Sabino ^b   Codling, Garry ^b   Halsall, Crispin ^b  

^a ENVIRONMENT CANADA   (Canada)

^b LANCASTER UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR SAMPLING; AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; CHEMICAL COMPOUND; CORRELATION; CRUISE REPORT; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SEA ICE; SEAWATER; SNOWPACK;

ARCTIC OCEAN; ATLANTIC OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEA; CANADA; CANADIAN ARCTIC; HUDSON BAY; LABRADOR SEA;

EID: 80051954242     PISSN: 14482517     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/EN10131     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. K. Prevedouros, I. T. Cousins, R. C. Buck, S. H. Korzeniowski, Sources, fate and transport of perfluorocarboxylates. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 32. doi:10.1021/ES0512475 (Pubitemid 43069883)
2. E. Kissa, Fluorinated Surfactants and Repellents 2001 (Marcel Dekker: New York).
3. M. Houde, J. W. Martin, R. J. Letcher, K. R. Solomon, D. C. G. Muir, Biological monitoring ofpolyfluoroalkyl substances: areview. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 3463. doi:10.1021/ES052580B (Pubitemid 43830953)
4. J. P. Giesy, K. Kannan, Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 1339. doi:10.1021/ES001834K (Pubitemid 32862501)
5. J. M. Armitage,M. Macleod,I.T. Cousins,Modeling the globalfate and transport ofperfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctano- ate (PFO) emitted from direct sources using a multispecies mass balance model. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 1134. doi:10.1021/ ES802900N
6. L. Ahrens, J. L. Barber, Z. Xie, R. Ebinghaus, Longitudinal and latitudinal distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds in the surface water of the Atlantic Ocean. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 3122. doi:10.1021/ES803507P
7. J. Armitage, I. T. Cousins, R. C. Buck, K. Prevedouros, M. H. Russell,M. Macleod,S.H. Korzeniowski,Modelingglobal-scalefate and transport of perfluorooctanoate emitted from direct sources. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 6969. doi:10.1021/ES0614870 (Pubitemid 44772846)
8. C. J. McMurdo, D. A. Ellis, E. Webster, J. Butler, R. D. Christensen, L. K. Reid, Aerosol enrichment of the surfactant PFO and mediation of the water-air transport of gaseous PFOA. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3969. doi:10.1021/ES7032026 (Pubitemid 351770049)
9. E. Webster,D. A. Ellis,Potentialrole of sea spray generation in the atmospheric transport ofperfluorocarboxylic acids. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010, 29, 1703. doi:10.1002/ETC.228
10. A. Jahnke,U. Berger,R. Ebinghaus,C. Temme,Latitudinalgradient ofairborne polyfluorinated alkyl substances in the marine atmosphere between Germany and South Africa (53 °N-33 °S). Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 3055. doi:10.1021/ES062389H (Pubitemid 46713359)
11. N. L. Stock, V. I. Furdui, D. C. G. Muir, S. A. Mabury, Perfluoroalkyl contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: evidence of atmospheric transport and local contamination. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 3529. doi:10.1021/ES062709X (Pubitemid 350067197)
12. X. Ju, Y. Jin, K. Sasaki, N. Saito, Perfluorinated surfactants in surface, subsurface water and microlayer from Dalian coastal waters in China. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 3538. doi:10.1021/ ES703006D
13. D. A. Ellis, J. W. Martin, S. A. Mabury, A. O. De Silva, M. D. Hurley, M. D. Sulbaek Anderson, T. J. Wallington, Degradation of fluorotelomer alcohols: a likely atmospheric source ofperfluorinated carboxylic acids.Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38,3316. doi:10.1021/ ES049860W
14. J. W. Martin, D. A. Ellis, S. A. Mabury, M. D. Hurley, T. J. Wallington, Atmospheric chemistry ofperfluoroalkanesulfonamides: kinetic and product studies of the OH radical and Cl atom initiated oxidation ofn-ethyl perfluorobutanesulfonamide. Environ. Sci. Tech- nol. 2006, 40, 864. doi:10.1021/ES051362F (Pubitemid 43222173)
15. D.A. Ellis, J.W. Martin, S.A. Mabury, M.D. Hurley, M.D. Sulbaek Anderson, T. J. Wallington, Atmospheric lifetime of fluorotelomer alcohols. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 3816. doi:10.1021/ ES034136J
16. M. Shoeib, T. Harner, P. Vlahos, Perfluorinated chemicals in the Arctic atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 7577. doi:10.1021/ES0618999 (Pubitemid 46012548)
17. A. G. Paul, K. C. Jones, A. J. Sweetman, A first global production, emission, and environmental inventory for perfluorooctane sulfonate. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 386. doi:10.1021/ES802216N
18. F. Wania, A globalmassbalance analysis of the source of perfluor-ocarboxylic acids in the Arctic Ocean. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41,4529. doi:10.1021/ES070124C (Pubitemid 47047384)
19. M. Loewen, T. Halldorson, F. Wang, G. Tomy, Fluorotelomer carboxylic acids and PFOS in rainwater from an urban center in Canada. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2005, 39, 2944. doi:10.1021/ ES048635B
20. M. Loewen, F. Wania, F. Wang, G. Tomy, Altitudinal transect of atmospheric and aqueous fluorinated organic compounds in western Canada. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42, 2374. doi:10.1021/ ES702276C
21. L. Ahrens, N. Marusczak, J. Rubarth, A. Dommergue, R. Nedjai, C. Ferrari, R. Ebinghaus, Distribution of perfluoroalkyl compounds and mercury in fish liver from high-mountain lakes in France originating from atmospheric deposition. Environ. Chem. 2010, 7, 422. doi:10.1071/EN10025
22. C. J. Young, V. I. Furdui, J. Franklin, R. M. Koerner, D. C. Muir, S. A. Mabury, Perfluorinated acids in arctic snow: new evidence for atmospheric formation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 3455. doi:10.1021/ES0626234 (Pubitemid 350080083)
23. C. R. Powley,S.W. George,T.W. Ryan,R.C. Buck,Matrixeffect-free analytical methods for determination ofperfluorinated carboxylic acids in environmental matrixes. Anal. Chem. 2005, 77, 6353. doi:10.1021/AC0508090 (Pubitemid 41436973)
24. M. Shoeib, P. Vlahos, T. Harner, A. Peters, M. Graustein, J. Narayan, Survey ofpolyfluorinated chemicals PFCs in the atmosphere over the northeast Atlantic Ocean. Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44, 2887. doi:10.1016/JATMOSENV.2010.04. 056
25. A. Dreyer, M. Shoeib, S. Fiedler, J. L. Barber, T. Harner, K.-W. Schramm, K. C. Jones, R. Ebinghaus,, Field intercomparison on the determination ofvolatile and semivolatile polyfluorinated compounds in air. Environ. Chem. 2010, 7, 350. doi:10.1071/EN10053
26. A. Jahnke, L. Ahrens, R. Ebinghaus, U. Berger, J. L. Barber, C. Temme, An improved method for the analysis of volatile poly-fluorinated alkyl substances in environmental air samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 387, 965. doi:10.1007/S00216-006-1008-Y (Pubitemid 46183771)
27. L. A. Barrie, D. Gregor, B. Hargrave, R. Lake, D. Muir, R. Shearer, B. Tracey, T. Bidleman, Arctic contaminants: sources, occurrence andpathways. Sci. Total Environ. 1992, 122, 1. doi:10.1016/0048-9697(92)90245-N
28. A. Jahnke, L. Ahrens, R. Ebinghaus, C. Temme, Urban versus remote air concentrations of fluorotelomer alcohols and other polyfluorinated alkyl substances in Germany. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007,41, 745. doi:10.1021/ ES0619861 (Pubitemid 46208505)
29. T. J. Wallington, M. D. Hurley, J. Xia, D. J. Wuebbles, S. Sillman, A. Ito, J. E. Penner, D. A. Ellis, J. Martin, S. A. Mabury, O. J. Nielsen, M. P. Sulbaek Anderson, Formation of C7F15COOH (PFOA) and other perfluorocarboxylic acids during the atmospheric oxidation of 8 : 2 fluorotelomer alcohol. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 924. doi:10.1021/ES051858X (Pubitemid 43222181)
30. A. M. Piekarz, T. Primbs, J. A. Field, D. F. Barofsky, S. Simonich, Semivolatile fluorinated organic compounds in Asian and Western US air masses. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41, 8248. doi:10.1021/ ES0713678
31. Dupont Global PFOA Strategy Update. Presentation to USE-PAOPPT, US Environmental Protection Agency Public Docket AR226-1914, Washington, DC, 31 January 2005 (Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC).
32. T. Wang, Y. Wang, C. Liao, G. Jiang, Perspectives on the inclusion of perfluorooctane sulfonate into the Stockholm Convention on persistent organic pollutants. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, 5171. doi:10.1021/ES900464A
33. J. L. Barber, U. Berger, C. Chaemfa, S. Huber, A. Jahnke, C. Temme, K. C. Jones, Analysis ofper- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe. J. Environ. Monit 2007, 9, 530. doi:10.1039/B701417A (Pubitemid 46889462)
34. N. L. Stock, D. A. Ellis, L. Deleebeeck, D. C. G. Muir, S. A. Mabury,, Vapor pressures of the fluorinated telomer alcohols -limitations of estimation methods. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38, 1693. doi:10.1021/ES034773+ (Pubitemid 38364914)
35. H.P.H.Arp,K.U Goss,Irreversiblesorptionoftraceconcentrations of perfluorocarboxylic acids to fiber filters used for air sampling. Atmos. Environ. 2008, 42, 6869. doi:10.1016/J.ATMOSENV.2008. 05.012
36. R. W. Macdonald,L. A. Barrie,T.F. Bidleman,M.L. Diamond,D.J. Gregor, R. G. Semkin, W. M. J. Strachan, Y. F. Li, F. Wania, M. Alaee, L. B. Alexeeva, S. M. Backus, R. Bailey, J. M. Bewers, C. Gobeil, C. J. Halsall, T. Harner, J. T. Hoff, L. M. M. Jantunen, W. L. Lockhart, D. Mackay, D. C. G. Muir, J. Pudykiewicz, K. J. Reimer, J. N. Smith, G. A. Stern, W. H. Schroeder, R. Wagemann, M. B. Yunker, Contaminants in the Canadian Arctic: 5 years of progress in understanding sources, occurrence and pathways. Sci. Total Environ. 2000, 254, 93. doi:10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00434-4 (Pubitemid 30320885)