7 Candidiasis

HIV Medicine

Volumn 12, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2011, Pages 70-74

  Cartledge, J ^a   Freedman, A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b CARDIFF UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Non albicans Candida; Oesophagitis

Indexed keywords

AMPHOTERICIN; CASPOFUNGIN; EFAVIRENZ; FLUCONAZOLE; ITRACONAZOLE; KETOCONAZOLE; RITONAVIR; TENOFOVIR; VORICONAZOLE; ZIDOVUDINE;

ARTICLE; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CANDIDIASIS; ESOPHAGUS CANDIDIASIS; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS; OROPHARYNX CANDIDIASIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; VAGINA CANDIDIASIS;

EID: 80051902053     PISSN: 14642662     EISSN: 14681293     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00944_8.x     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. nd edn. London, UK: Baillière Tindall, 1988.
2. Samaranayake LP, Holmstrunp P. Oral candidiasis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Oral Pathol Med 1989; 18: 554-564.
3. Selik RM, Starcher ET, Curran JW. Opportunistic diseases reported in AIDS patients: frequencies, associations and trends. AIDS 1987; 1: 175-182.
4. Kaslow RA, Phair JP, Friedman HB et al. Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus: a report from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med 1987; 107: 474-480.
5. Dodd CL, Greenspan D, Katz MH, Westenhouse JL, Feigal DW, Greenspan JS. Oral candidiasis in HIV infection: pseudomembranous and erythematous candidiasis show similar rates of progression to AIDS. AIDS 1991; 5: 1339-1343.
6. Schiodt M, Bakilana PB, Hiza JF et al. Oral candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia correlate with HIV infection in Tanzania. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990; 69: 591-596.
7. United Kingdom National Guideline on the Management of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (2007) at: (accessed 18th June 2009).
8. Bonacini M, Laine L, Gal AA, Lee MH, Martin SE, Strigle S. Prospective evaluation of blind brushing of the esophagus for Candida esophagitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol 1990; 85: 385-389.
9. Oxman DA, Chow JK, Frendl G et al. Candidaemia associated with decreased in vitro fluconazole susceptibility: is Candida speciation predictive of the susceptibility pattern? J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65: 1460-1465.
10. Pons V, Greenspan D, Debruin M. Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients: a randomized, prospective multicenter study of oral fluconazole versus clotrimazole troches. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 1993; 6: 1311-1316.
11. De Wit S, Weerts D, Goossens H, Clumeck N. Comparison of fluconazole and ketoconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS. Lancet 1989; 1: 746-748.
12. Esposito R, Uberti Foppa C, Cernuschi M. Treatment of HIV-positive patients with oropharyngeal and/or oesophageal candidiasis: the results of a double blind study. Int Conf AIDS 1989; 5: 474. Abstract Th.B.P.348.
13. Smith DE, Gazzard BG. Fluconazole versus ketoconazole in oropharyngeal candidiasis in AIDS. Lancet 1989; 1: 1130-1131.
14. Smith DE, Midgley J, Allan M, Connolly GM, Gazzard BG. Itraconazole versus ketoconazole in the treatment of oral and oesophageal candidosis in patients infected with HIV. AIDS 1991; 5: 1367-1371.
15. Meunier F, Aoun M, Gerard M. Therapy for oropharyngeal candidiasis in the immunocompromised host: a randomised double blind study of fluconazole versus ketoconazole. Rev Infect Dis 1990; 12 (Suppl. 3): S364-S368.
16. Graybill JR, Vazquez J, Darouiche RO et al. Randomized trial of itraconazole oral solution for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients. Am J Med 1998; 104: 33-39.
17. Cartledge JD, Midgley J, Gazzard BG. Itraconazole solution: higher serum drug concentrations and better clinical response rates than the capsule formulation in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with candidosis. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 477-480.
18. Barbaro G, Barbarini G, Calderon W, Grisorio B, Alcini P, Di Lorenzo G. Fluconazole versus itraconazole for candida esophagitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Candida Esophagitis. Gastroenterology 1996; 111: 1169-1177.
19. Lake-Bakaar G, Tom W, Lake-Bakaar D et al. Impaired gastric acid secretion in AIDS. Gastroenterology 1987; 92: 1488.
20. Lake-Bakaar G, Tom W, Lake-Bakaar D et al. Gastropathy and ketoconazole malabsorption in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 471-473.
21. McNair AI, Gascoigne E, Heap J, Schuermans V, Symoens J. Hepatitis and ketoconazole therapy. Br Med J 1981; 283: 1058-1059.
22. Cartledge JD, Midgley J, Gazzard BG. Itraconazole cyclodextrin solution: the role of in vitro susceptibility testing in predicting successful treatment of HIV-related fluconazole-resistant and fluconazole-susceptible oral candidosis. AIDS 1997; 11: 163-168.
23. Saag MS, Fessel WJ, Kaufman CA et al. Treatment of fluconazole-refractory oropharyngeal candidiasis with itraconazole oral solution in HIV-positive patients. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999; 15: 1413-1417.
24. Hood S, Evans J, Bond J, Wilkins E, Denning D. The treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-infected patients with oral amphotericin B suspension. AIDS Patient Care STDS 1998; 12: 625-627.
25. Metcalf SC, Dockrell DH. Improved outcomes associated with advances in therapy for invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised hosts. J Infect 2007; 55: 287-299.
26. Villanueva A, Arathoon EG, Gotuzzo E, Berman RS, DiNubile MJ, Sable CA. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus amphotericin for the treatment of candidal esophagitis. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1529-1535.
27. Kartsonis N, DiNubile MJ, Bartizal K, Hicks PS, Ryan D, Sable CA. Efficacy of caspofungin in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis resistant to fluconazole. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2002; 31: 183-187.
28. Villanueva A, Gotuzzo E, Arathoon EG et al. A randomized double-blind study of caspofungin versus fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. Am J Med 2002; 113: 294-299.
29. de Wet N, Llanos-Cuentas A, Suleiman J et al. A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, dose-response study of micafungin compared with fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 842-849.
30. Krause DS, Simjee AE, van Rensburg C et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of anidulafungin versus fluconazole for the treatment of esophageal candidiasis. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39: 770-775.
31. Perfect JR, Marr KA, Walsh TJ et al. Voriconazole treatment for less-common, emerging, or refractory fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis 2003; 36: 1122-1131.
32. Ally R, Schürmann D, Kreisel W et al. A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter trial of voriconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of esophageal candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33: 1447-1454.
33. Vazquez JA, Skiest DJ, Nieto L et al. A multicenter randomized trial evaluating posaconazole versus fluconazole for the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis in subjects with HIV/AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 42: 1179-1186.
34. Skiest DJ, Vazquez JA, Anstead GM et al. Posaconazole for the treatment of azole-refractory oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis in subjects with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 607-614.
35. Denning DW, Kibbler CC, Barnes RA. British Society for Medical Mycology. British Society for Medical Mycology proposed standards of care for patients with invasive fungal infections. Lancet Infect Dis 2003; 3: 230-240.
36. Barchiesi F, Hollis RJ, Del Poeta M et al. Transmission of fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans between patients with AIDS and oropharyngeal candidiasis documented by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Clin Infect Dis 1995; 21: 561-564.
37. Cameron ML, Schell WA, Waskin HA, Perfect JR, Bartlett JA. Azole resistant Candida albicans oesophagitis and oral candidiasis in patients with AIDS. Int Conf AIDS 1992; 8: 63. Abstract PuB 7085.
38. Cartledge JD, Midgley J, Gazzard BG. Prior fluconazole exposure as an independent risk factor for fluconazole resistant candidosis in HIV positive patients: a case-control study. Genitourin Med 1997; 73: 471-474.
39. Gilquin J, Lavarde V, Meggle F, Acar JF. Selection of fluconazole-resistant yeasts in AIDS patients under fluconazole prophylaxis. Int Conf AIDS 1990; 6: 382. Abstract 2112.
40. Fox R, Neal KR, Leen CL, Ellis ME, Mandal BK. Fluconazole resistant candida in AIDS. J Infect 1991; 22: 201-204.
41. Powderly WG. Mucosal candidiasis caused by non-albicans species of Candida in HIV-positive patients. AIDS 1992; 6: 604-605.
42. Fulton P, Phillips P. Fluconazole resistance during suppressive therapy of AIDS-related thrush and oesophagitis caused by Candida albicans. Int Conf AIDS 1990; 6: 239. Abstract Th.B.468.
43. Kitchen VS, Savage M, Harris JR. Candida albicans resistance in AIDS. J Infect 1991; 22: 204-205.
44. Just-Nübling G, Gentschew G, Meissner K et al. Fluconazole prophylaxis of recurrent oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1991; 10: 917-921.
45. Reynes J, Mallie M, Bastide JM, Fabre J, Janbon F, Bertrand A. In vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected patients with relapse of thrush during fluconazole long-term therapy. Int Conf AIDS 1991; 7: 2357.
46. Berkeley JL, Nath A, Pardo CA. Fatal immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with human immunodeficiency virus infection and Candida meningitis: case report and review of the literature. J Neurovirol 2008; 14: 267-276.