Real-time assessment and neuromuscular training feedback techniques to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes

Strength and Conditioning Journal

Volumn 33, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 21-35

  Myer, Gregory D ^a,b,c,d   Brent, Jensen L ^a   Ford, Kevin R ^a,b   Hewett, Timothy E ^a,b,d  

^a CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^c ROCKY MOUNTAIN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS   (United States)

^d OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Anterior cruciate ligament injury; Drop vertical jump landing; Knee; Young athletes

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051898782     PISSN: 15241602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0b013e318213afa8     Document Type: Article

References (79)

1. Arendt EA, Bershadsky B, and Agel J. Periodicity of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries during the menstrual cycle. J Gend Specif Med 5: 19-26, 2002. (Pubitemid 34467394)
2. Baumhauer J, Alosa D, Renstrom A, Trevino S, and Beynnon B. A prospective study of ankle injury risk factors. Am J Sport Med 23: 564-570, 1995.
3. Besier TF, Lloyd DG, Cochrane JL, and Ackland TR. External loading of the knee joint during running and cutting maneuvers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 33: 1168-1175, 2001. (Pubitemid 32641317)
4. Beunen G and Malina RM. Growth and physical performance relative to the timing of the adolescent spurt. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 16: 503-540, 1988.
5. Beynnon B, Slauterbeck J, Padua D, and Hewett TE. Update on ACL risk factors and prevention strategies in the female athlete. Presented at: National Athletic Trainers' Association 52nd Annual Meeting and Clinical Symposia; June: 15-18, 2001, Los Angeles, California.
6. Beynnon BD and Fleming BC. Anterior cruciate ligament strain in-vivo: A review of previous work. J Biomech 31: 519-525, 1998. (Pubitemid 28434467)
7. Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JA, and Garrett WE. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics 23: 573-578, 2000. (Pubitemid 30409613)
8. Brent JL, Klugman MA, Myer GD and Hewett TE. The effects of pre-season and in-season neuromuscular training on the tuck jump assessment: A test used to identify risk of acl injury in female athletes. Presented at: National Strength and Conditioning Association Annual Meeting; July 15, 2010; Orlando, FL.
9. Chappell JD, Yu B, Kirkendall DT, and Garrett WE. A comparison of knee kinetics between male and female recreational athletes in stop-jump tasks. Am J Sports Med 30: 261-267, 2002. (Pubitemid 34245383)
10. Chaudhari AM, Lindenfeld TN, Andriacchi TP, Hewett TE, Riccobene J, Myer GD, and Noyes FR. Knee and hip loading patterns at different phases in the menstrual cycle: Implications for the gender difference in anterior cruciate ligament injury rates. Am J Sports Med 35: 793-800, 2007. (Pubitemid 46956284)
11. Ford KR, Myer GD, and Hewett TE. Valgus knee motion during landing in high school female and male basketball players. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35: 1745-1750, 2003. (Pubitemid 37221907)
12. Ford KR, Myer GD, Schmitt LC, Van den Bogert AJ, and Hewett TE. Effect of drop height on lower extremity biomechanical measures in female athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 40: S80, 2008.
13. Ford KR, Myer GD, Smith RL, Byrnes RN, Dopirak SE, and Hewett TE. Use of an overhead goal alters vertical jump performance and biomechanics. J Strength Cond Res 19: 394-399, 2005. (Pubitemid 40807092)
14. Ford KR, Myer GD, Smith RL, Vianello RM, Seiwert SL, and Hewett TE. A comparison of dynamic coronal plane excursion between matched male and female athletes when performing single leg landings. Clinic Biomech 21: 33-40, 2006. (Pubitemid 41728089)
15. Ford KR, Myer GD, Toms HE, and Hewett TE. Gender differences in the kinematics of unanticipated cutting in young athletes. Med Sci Sports 37: 124-129, 2005. (Pubitemid 40076025)
16. Ford KR, Shapiro R, Myer GD, van den Bogert AJ, and Hewett TE. Longitudinal sex differences during landing in knee abduction in young athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42: 1923-1931, 2010.
17. Ford KR, van den Bogert AJ, Myer GD, Shapiro R, and Hewett TE. The effects of age and skill level on knee musculature cocontraction during functional activities: A systematic review. Br J Sports Med 42: 561-566, 2008. (Pubitemid 352000929)
18. Grindstaff TL, Hammill RR, Tuzson AE, and Hertel J. Neuromuscular control training programs and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in female athletes: A numbers-needed-to-treat analysis. J Athletic Train 41: 450-456, 2006. (Pubitemid 46889988)
19. Hewett TE. Neuromuscular and hormonal factors associated with knee injuries in female athletes: Strategies for intervention. Sports Med 29: 313-327, 2000. (Pubitemid 30315734)
20. Hewett TE, Ford KR, and Myer GD. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 2. A meta-analysis of neuromuscular interventions aimed at injury prevention. Am J Sports Med 34: 490-498, 2006. (Pubitemid 43263011)
21. Hewett TE, Ford KR, Myer GD, Wanstrath K, and Scheper M. Gender differences in hip adduction motion and torque during a single leg agility maneuver. J Orthop Res 24: 416-421, 2006. (Pubitemid 43773003)
22. Hewett TE and Johnson DL. ACL prevention programs: Fact or fiction? Orthopedics 33: 36-39, 2010.
23. Hewett TE, Myer GD, and Ford KR. Decrease in neuromuscular control about the knee with maturation in female athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A: 1601-1608, 2004. (Pubitemid 39014301)
24. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt RS Jr, Colosimo AJ,McLean SG, van den Bogert AJ, Paterno MV, and Succop P. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med 33: 492-501, 2005. (Pubitemid 40411154)
25. Hewett TE, Stroupe AL, Nance TA, and Noyes FR. Plyometric training in female athletes. Decreased impact forces and increased hamstring torques. Am J Sports Med 24: 765-773, 1996. (Pubitemid 26394162)
26. Hewett TE, Zazulak BT, and Myer GD. Effects of the menstrual cycle on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk: A systematic review. Am J Sports Med 35: 659-668, 2007. (Pubitemid 46953064)
27. Hodges PW and Richardson CA. Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Phys Ther 77: 132-142; discussion 142-144, 1997.
28. Hodges PW and Richardson CA. Feedforward contraction of transversus abdominis is not influenced by the direction of arm movement. Exp Brain Res 114: 362-370, 1997. (Pubitemid 27187109)
29. Ireland ML. The female ACL: Why is it more prone to injury? Orthop Clin North Am 33: 637-651, 2002. (Pubitemid 35356240)
30. Kellis E, Tsitskaris GK, Nikopoulou MD, and Moiusikou KC. The evaluation of jumping ability of male and female basketball players according to their chronological age and major leagues. J Strength Cond Res 13: 40-46, 1999.
31. Khamis HJ and Roche AF. Predicting adult stature without using skeletal age: The Khamis-Roche method. Pediatrics 94: 504-507, 1994. (Pubitemid 24295031)
32. Knapik JJ, Bauman CL, Jones BH, Harris JM, and Vaughan L. Preseason strength and flexibility imbalances associated with athletic injuries in female collegiate athletes. Am J Sports Med 19: 76-81, 1991.
33. Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, Engebretsen L, Smith G, Slauterbeck JR, Hewett TE, and Bahr R. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: Video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med 35: 359-367, 2007. (Pubitemid 46280478)
34. Li G, Rudy TW, Sakane M, Kanamori A, Ma CB, and Woo SL. The importance of quadriceps and hamstring muscle loading on knee kinematics and in-situ forces in the ACL. J Biomech 32: 395-400, 1999. (Pubitemid 29156705)
35. Lloyd DG and Buchanan TS. Strategies of muscular support of varus and valgus isometric loads at the human knee. J Biomech 34: 1257-1267, 2001. (Pubitemid 32750636)
36. MacWilliams BA, Wilson DR, DesJardins JD, Romero J, and Chao EY. Hamstrings cocontraction reduces internal rotation, anterior translation, and anterior cruciate ligament load in weight-bearing flexion. J Orthop Res 17: 817-822, 1999. (Pubitemid 30033281)
37. Malina RM and Bouchard C. Timing and sequence of changes in growth, maturation, and performance during adolescence. In: Growth, Maturation, and Physical Activity. Malina and Bouchard, eds. Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics, 1991. pp. 267-272.
38. Malinzak RA, Colby SM, Kirkendall DT, Yu B, and Garrett WE. A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks. Clin Biomech 16: 438-445, 2001. (Pubitemid 32499579)
39. Markolf KL, Graff-Redford A, and Amstutz HC. In vivo knee stability: A quantitative assessment using an instrumented clinical testing apparatus. J Bone Joint Surg 60A: 664-674, 1978. (Pubitemid 8400145)
40. McLean SG, Lipfert SW, and van den Bogert AJ. Effect of gender and defensive opponent on the biomechanics of sidestep cutting. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36: 1008-1016, 2004. (Pubitemid 38720783)
41. Myer GD, Brent JL, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. A pilot study to determine the effect of trunk and hip focused neuromuscular training on hip and knee isokinetic strength. Br J Sports Med 42: 614-619, 2008. (Pubitemid 352000939)
42. Myer GD, Chu DA, Brent JL, and Hewett TE. Trunk and hip control neuromuscular training for the prevention of knee joint injury. Clin Sports Med 27: 425-448, ix, 2008. (Pubitemid 351715397)
43. Myer GD, Ford KR, Barber Foss KD, Liu C, Nick TG, and Hewett TE. The relationship of hamstrings and quadriceps strength to anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. Clin J Sport Med 19: 3-8, 2009.
44. Myer GD, Ford KR, Brent JL, and Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric versus dynamic balance training on power, balance and landing force in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 20: 345-353, 2006. (Pubitemid 43910681)
45. Myer GD, Ford KR, Brent JL, and Hewett TE. Differential neuromuscular training effects on ACL injury risk factors in "high-risk" versus "low-risk" athletes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8: 1-7, 2007.
46. Myer GD, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. Rationale and clinical techniques for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention among female athletes. J Athletic Train 39: 352-364, 2004. (Pubitemid 40029903)
47. Myer GD, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. The effects of gender on quadriceps muscle activation strategies during a maneuver that mimics a high ACL injury risk position. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 15: 181-189, 2005. (Pubitemid 40143439)
48. Myer GD, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. Tuck jump assessment for reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Athletic Ther Today 13: 39-44, 2008.
49. Myer GD, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. New method to identify athletes at high risk of ACL injury using clinic-based measurements and freeware computer analysis. Br J Sports Med 2010.
50. Myer GD, Ford KR, Khoury J, Succop P, and Hewett TE. Biomechanics laboratory-based prediction algorithm to identify female athletes with high knee loads that increase risk of ACL injury. Br J Sports Med 2010.
51. Myer GD, Ford KR, Khoury J, Succop P, and Hewett TE. Clinical correlates to laboratory measures for use in non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury risk prediction algorithm. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 25: 693-699, 2010.
52. Myer GD, Ford KR, Khoury J, Succop P, and Hewett TE. Development and validation of a clinic-based prediction tool to identify female athletes at high risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med 38: 2025-2033, 2010.
53. Myer GD, Ford KR, McLean SG, and Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric versus dynamic stabilization and balance training on lower extremity biomechanics. Am J Sports Med 34: 490-498, 2006.
54. Myer GD, Ford KR, Palumbo JP, and Hewett TE. Neuromuscular training improves performance and lower-extremity biomechanics in female athletes. J Strength Cond Res 19: 51-60, 2005. (Pubitemid 40417254)
55. Myer GD, Ford KR, Paterno MV, Nick TG, and Hewett TE. The effects of generalized joint laxity on risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in young female athletes. Am J Sports Med 36: 1073-1080, 2008. (Pubitemid 351713035)
56. Myer GD, Paterno MV, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. Neuromuscular training techniques to target deficits before return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Strength Cond Res 22: 987-1014, 2008.
57. Myer GD, Paterno MV, Ford KR, Quatman CE, and Hewett TE. Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Criteria based progression through the return to sport phase. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 36: 385-402, 2006. (Pubitemid 43846232)
58. Olsen OE, Myklebust G, Engebretsen L, and Bahr R. Injury mechanisms for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in team handball: A systematic video analysis. Am J Sports Med 32: 1002-1012, 2004. (Pubitemid 38669398)
59. Padua DA, Marshall SW, Beutler AI, and Garrett WE. Prospective cohort study of biomechanical risk factors of ACL injury: The JUMP-ACL Study. In: American Orthopaedic Society of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting; July 10, 2009; Keystone, CO. 393-395.
60. Paterno MV, Ford KR, Myer GD, Heyl R, and Hewett TE. Limb asymmetries in landing and jumping 2 years following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med 17: 258-262, 2007. (Pubitemid 47051785)
61. Paterno MV, Myer GD, Ford KR, and Hewett TE. Neuromuscular training improves single-limb stability in young female athletes. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 34: 305-317, 2004.
62. Paterno MV, Schmitt LC, Ford KR, Rauh MJ, Myer GD, Huang B, and Hewett TE. Biomechanical measures during landing and postural stability predict second anterior cruciate ligament injury after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and return to sport. Am J Sports Med 38: 1968-1978, 2010.
63. Quatman CE, Ford KR, Myer GD, and Hewett TE. Maturation leads to gender differences in landing force and vertical jump performance: A longitudinal study. Am J Sports Med 34: 806-813, 2006. (Pubitemid 43667908)
64. Quatman CE, Quatman-Yates CC, and Hewett TE. A "plane" explanation of anterior cruciate ligament injury mechanisms: A systematic review. Sports Med 40: 729-746, 2010.
65. Scoville CR, Williams GN, Uhorchak JM, Arciero RA, and Taylor DC. Risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury. In: Proceedings of the 68th Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; February 28, 2001; Rosemont IL. 564.
66. Sell TC, Ferris CM, Abt JP, Tsai YS, Myers JB, Fu FH, and Lephart SM. Predictors of proximal tibia anterior shear force during a vertical stop-jump. J Orthop Res 25: 1589-1597, 2007. (Pubitemid 350293807)
67. Slauterbeck JR and Hardy DM. Sex hormones and knee ligament injuries in female athletes. Am J Med Sci 322: 196-199, 2001. (Pubitemid 32973270)
68. Soderman K, Alfredson H, Pietila T, and Werner S. Risk factors for leg injuries in female soccer players: A prospective investigation during one out-door season. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 9: 313-321, 2001. (Pubitemid 33685024)
69. Uhorchak JM, Scoville CR, Williams GN, Arciero RA, St Pierre P, and Taylor DC. Risk factors associated with noncontact injury of the anterior cruciate ligament: A prospective four-year evaluation of 859 West Point cadets. Am J Sports Med 31: 831-842, 2003. (Pubitemid 37448810)
70. Wilson JD, Dougherty CP, Ireland ML, and Davis IM. Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function and injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 13: 316-325, 2005.
71. Winter DA. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2005.
72. Withrow TJ, Huston LJ, Wojtys EM, and Ashton-Miller JA. The relationship between quadriceps muscle force, knee flexion, and anterior cruciate ligament strain in an in vitro simulated jump landing. Am J Sports Med 34: 269-274, 2006. (Pubitemid 43152964)
73. Withrow TJ, Huston LJ, Wojtys EM, and Ashton-Miller JA. Effect of varying hamstring tension on anterior cruciate ligament strain during in vitro impulsive knee flexion and compression loading. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90: 815-823, 2008. (Pubitemid 351499971)
74. Wojtys EM, Ashton-Miller JA, and Huston LJ. A gender-related difference in the contribution of the knee musculature to sagittal-plane shear stiffness in subjects with similar knee laxity. J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A: 10-16, 2002.
75. Wojtys EM, Huston LJ, Lindenfeld TN, Hewett TE, and Greenfield ML.VH. Association between the menstrual cycle and anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Am J Sport Med 26: 614-619, 1998. (Pubitemid 28452783)
76. Zatsiorsky VM. Science and Practice of Strength Training. Champaign IL: Human Kinetics, 1995.
77. Zazulak BT, Hewett TE, Reeves NP, Goldberg B, and Cholewicki J. The effects of core proprioception on knee injury: A prospective biomechanicalepidemiological study. Am J Sports Med 35: 368-373, 2007. (Pubitemid 46280498)
78. Zazulak BT, Paterno M, Myer GD, Romani WA, and Hewett TE. The effects of the menstrual cycle on anterior knee laxity: A systematic review. Sports Med 36: 847-862, 2006. (Pubitemid 44497462)
79. Zazulak BT, Ponce PL, Straub SJ, Medvecky MJ, Avedisian L, and Hewett TE. Gender comparison of hip muscle activity during single-leg landing. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 35: 292-299, 2005. (Pubitemid 40696225)