Anisotropic strain transfer through the aortic valve and its relevance to the cellular mechanical environment

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine

Volumn 225, Issue 8, 2011, Pages 821-830

  Lewinsohn, A D ^a   Anssari Benham, A ^a   Lee, D A ^a   Taylor, P M ^b   Chester, A H ^b   Yacoub, M H ^b   Screen, H R C ^a  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anisotropy; Aortic valve; Interstitial cells; Matrix; Mechanotransduction; Micromechanics; Strain

Indexed keywords

ANISOTROPIC STRAIN; AORTIC VALVE LEAFLETS; AORTIC VALVES; APPLIED STRAIN; APPLIED VALUE; CELL BEHAVIOURS; CELL METABOLISM; CELL STRAINS; CELLULAR DAMAGE; EXTRACELLULAR MATRICES; GROSS STRAINS; INTERSTITIAL CELLS; LOCAL STRAINS; MATRIX; MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATIONS; MECHANICAL ENVIRONMENT; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; MICRO-MECHANICAL; QUASI-STATIC; STRAIN TRANSFER; STRUCTURE-FUNCTION CORRELATION; TISSUE STRUCTURE;

ANISOTROPY; BLOOD VESSELS; CELLS; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; METABOLISM; STRAIN; TISSUE; CYTOLOGY; MATRIX ALGEBRA; MICROMECHANICS; MOBILE SECURITY; VALVES (MECHANICAL);

VALVES (MECHANICAL); LOADING;

ANIMAL; AORTA VALVE; ARTICLE; BIOMECHANICS; BIOPROSTHESIS; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; ELASTICITY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FEMALE; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS; MECHANICAL STRESS; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION; PHYSIOLOGY; SHEAR STRENGTH; STIMULATION; SWINE; TENSILE STRENGTH;

ANIMALS; AORTIC VALVE; BIOMECHANICS; BIOPROSTHESIS; ELASTICITY; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; FEMALE; HEART VALVE PROSTHESIS; MECHANOTRANSDUCTION, CELLULAR; MICROSCOPY, CONFOCAL; PHYSICAL STIMULATION; SHEAR STRENGTH; STRESS, MECHANICAL; SWINE; TENSILE STRENGTH;

EID: 80051895712     PISSN: 09544119     EISSN: 20413033     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0954411911406340     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (52)

1. Dagum, P., Green, G. R., Nistal, F. J., Daughters, G. T., Timek, T. A., Foppiano, L. E., Bolger, A. F., Ingels, Jr., N. B., and Miller, D. C. Deformational dynamics of the aortic root: modes and physiologic determinants. Circulation, 1999, 100(19 Suppl), II54-II62. (Pubitemid 29523510)
2. Yacoub, M. H. and Cohn, L. H. Novel approaches to cardiac valve repair: from structure to function: Part I, Circulation, 2004, 109(8), 942-950. (Pubitemid 38282844)
3. Yacoub, M. H., Kilner, P. J., Birks, E. J., and Misfeld, M. The aortic outflow and root: a tale of dynamism and crosstalk. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1999, 68(3 Suppl), S37-S43. (Pubitemid 29521177)
4. Brody, S. and Pandit, A. Microarchitectural characterization of the aortic heart valve. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 2004, 553, 167-186. (Pubitemid 39387278)
5. Doehring, T. C., Kahelin, M., and Vesely, I. Mesostructures of the aortic valve. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2005, 14(5), 679-686. (Pubitemid 41601121)
6. Latif, N., Sarathchandra, P., Taylor, P. M., Antoniw, J., and Yacoub, M. H. Localization and pattern of expression of extracellular matrix components in human heart valves. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2005, 14(2), 218-227. (Pubitemid 47046901)
7. Stella, J. A. and Sacks, M. S. On the biaxial mechanical properties of the layers of the aortic valve leaflet. J. Biomech. Eng., 2007, 129(5), 757-766. (Pubitemid 350005837)
8. Sacks, M. S., Smith, D. B., and Hiester, E. D. The aortic valve microstructure: effects of transvalvular pressure. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1998, 41(1), 131-141. (Pubitemid 28255903)
9. Della Rocca, F., Sartore, S., Guidolin, D., Bertiplaglia, B., Gerosa, G., Casarotto, D., and Pauletto, P. Cell composition of the human pulmonary valve: a comparative study with the aortic valve - the VESALIO Project. Vitalitate Exornatum Succedaneum Aorticum labore Ingegnoso Obtinebitur, Ann. Thorac. Surg, 2000; 70(5), 1594-1600.
10. Lester, W., Rosenthal, A., Granton, B., and Gotlieb, A. I. Porcine mitral valve interstitial cells in culture. Lab. Invest., 1988. 59(5), 710-719. (Pubitemid 19009733)
11. Messier, Jr., R. H., Bass, B. L., Aly, H. M., Jones, J. L., Domkowski, P. W., Wallace, R. B., and Hopkins, R. A. Dual structural and functional phenotypes of the porcine aortic valve interstitial population: characteristics of the leaflet myofibroblast. J. Surg. Res., 1994, 57(1), 1-21. (Pubitemid 24243231)
12. Mulholland, D. L. and Gotlieb, A. I. Cell biology of valvular interstitial cells. Can. J. Cardiol., 1996, 12(3), 231-236. (Pubitemid 26097855)
13. Taylor, P. M., Allen, S. P., and Yacoub, M. H. Phenotypic and functional characterization of interstitial cells from human heart valves, pericardium and skin. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2000, 9(1), 150-158. (Pubitemid 30101810)
14. Brand, N. J., Roy, A., Hoare, G., Chester, A., and Yacoub, M. H. Cultured interstitial cells from human heart valves express both specific skeletal muscle and non-muscle markers. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2006, 38(1), 30-42. (Pubitemid 41540715)
15. Roy, A., Brand, N. J., and Yacoub, M. H. Molecular characterization of interstitial cells isolated from human heart valves. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2000, 9(3), 459-464; discussion 464-455.
16. El-Hamamsy, I., Balachandran, K., Yacoub, M. H., Stevens, L. M., Sarathchandra, P., Taylor, P. M., Yoganathan, A. P., and Chester, A. H. Endothelium-dependent regulation of the mechanical properties of aortic valve cusps. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 2009, 53(16), 1448-1455.
17. Smith, S., Taylor, P. M., Chester, A. H., Allen, S. P., Dreger, S. A., Eastwood, M., and Yacoub, M. H. Force generation of different human cardiac valve interstitial cells: relevance to individual valve function and tissue engineering. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2007, 16(4), 440-446.
18. Flanagan, T. C. and Pandit, A. Living artificial heart valve alternatives: a review. Eur. Cell Mater., 2003, 6, 28-45; discussion 45. (Pubitemid 38860653)
19. Taylor, P. M., Batten, P., Brand, N. J., Thomas, P. S., and Yacoub, M. H. The cardiac valve interstitial cell. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 2003, 35(2), 113-118. (Pubitemid 35441268)
20. Rabkin-Aikawa, E., Farber, M., Aikawa, M., and Schoen, F. J. Dynamic and reversible changes of interstitial cell phenotype during remodeling of cardiac valves. J. Heart Valve Dis., 2004, 13(5), 841-847.
21. Merryman, W. D., Youn, I., Lukoff, H. D., Krueger, P. M., Guilak, F., Hopkins, R. A., and Sacks, M. S. Correlation between heart valve interstitial cell stiffness and transvalvular pressure: implications for collagen biosynthesis. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 2006, 290(1), H224-H231.
22. Ku, C. H., Johnson, P. H., Batten, P., Sarathchandra, P., Chambers, R. C., Taylor, P. M., Yacoub, M. H., and Chester, A. H. Collagen synthesis by mesenchymal stem cells and aortic valve interstitial cells in response to mechanical stretch. Cardiovasc. Res., 2006, 71(3), 548-556 (Pubitemid 44131527)
23. Huang, H. Y., Liao, J., and Sacks, M. S. In-situ deformation of the aortic valve interstitial cell nucleus under diastolic loading. J. Biomech. Eng., 2007, 129(6), 880-889. (Pubitemid 351153476)
24. Christie, G. W. and Barratt-Boyes, B. G. Mechanical properties of porcine pulmonary valve leaflets: How do they differ from aortic leaflets. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1995, 60, S195-S199.
25. Lo, D. and Vesely, I. Biaxial strain analysis of the porcine aortic valve. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1995, 60(2 Suppl), S374-S378.
26. Screen, H. R. C., Lee, D. A., Bader, D. L., and Shelton, J. C. Development of a technique to determine strains in tendons using the cell nuclei. Biorheology, 2003, 40, 361-368.
27. Fu, Y. B. and Ogden, R. W. Non linear elasticity: Theory and applications. 2001 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge).
28. Hill, R. Aspects of invariance in solid mechanics, In Advances in applied mechanics (eds R. von Mises, and C. Yih) 1978, pp. 1-72 (Academic Press, London).
29. Liao, J., Yang, L., Grashow, J., and Sacks, M. S. The relation between collagen fibril kinematics and mechanical properties in the mitral valve anterior leaflet. J. Biomech. Eng., 2007. 129(1), 78-87. (Pubitemid 46722311)
30. Stella, J. A., Liao, J., and Sacks, M. S. Time-dependent biaxial mechanical behavior of the aortic heart valve leaflet. J. Biomech., 2007, 40(14), 3169-3177. (Pubitemid 47532092)
31. Carew, E. O., Patel, J., Garg, A., Houghtaling, P., Blackstone, E., and Vesely, I. Effect of specimen size and aspect ratio on the tensile properties of porcine aortic valve tissues. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2003; 31(5). 526-535.
32. Bartman, T. and Hove, J. Mechanics and function in heart morphogenesis. Dev. Dyn., 2005, 233(2), 373-381. (Pubitemid 40734039)
33. Screen, H. R. C. Investigating load relaxation mechanics in tendon. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater, 2007, 1(1), 51-58.
34. Balachandran, K., Konduri, S., Sucosky, P., Jo, H., and Yoganathan, A. P. An ex vivo study of the biological properties of porcine aortic valves in response to circumferential cyclic stretch. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2006, 34(11), 1655-1665. (Pubitemid 44704821)
35. Billiar, K. L. and Sacks, M. S. Biaxial mechanical properties of the natural and glutaraldehyde treated aortic valve cusp-Part I: Experimental results. J. Biomech. Eng., 2000, 122(1), 23-30. (Pubitemid 30204698)
36. Lee, J. M. D., Courtman, W., and Boughner, D. R. The glutaraldehyde- stabilized porcine aortic valve xenograft. I. Tensile viscoelastic properties of the fresh leaflet material. J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 1984, 18(1), 61-77. (Pubitemid 14153953)
37. Sasaki, N. and Odajima, S. Stress-strain curve and Young's modulus of a collagen molecule as determined by the x-ray diffraction technique. J. Biomech., 1996, 29(5), 655-658. (Pubitemid 26093293)
38. Scott, M. and Vesely, I. Aortic valve cusp microstructure: the role of elastin. Ann. Thorac. Surg., 1995, 60(2 Suppl), S391-S394.
39. Sacks, M. S., Smith, D. B., and Hiester, E. D. A small angle light scattering device for planar connective tissue microstructural analysis. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 1997, 25(4), 678-689.
40. Schinagl, R. M., Gurskis, D., Chen, A. C., and Sah, R. L. Depth-dependent confined compression modulus of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage. J. Orthop. Res., 1997, 15(4), 499-506. (Pubitemid 27433362)
41. Bruehlmann, S. B., Matyas, J. R., and Duncan, N. A. Collagen fibril sliding governs cell mechanics in the annulous fibrosus. Spine, 2004, 29(23), 2612-2620.
42. Screen, H. R. C., Lee, D. A., Bader, D. L., and Shelton, J. C. An investigation into the effects of the hierarchical structure of tendon fascicles on micromechanical properties. Proc. IMechE Part H: J. Engineering in Medicine, 2004, 218(2), 109-119.
43. Puxkandl, R., Zizak, I., Paris, O., Keckes, J., Tesch, W., Bernstorff, S., Purslow, P. P., and Fratzl, P. Viscoelastic properties of collagen: synchrotron radiation investigations and structural model. Proc. R. Soc., Lond. B, 2002, 357, 191-197. (Pubitemid 34276210)
44. Screen, H. R. C., Lee, D. A., Bader, D. L., and Shelton, J. C. Local strain measurement within tendon. Strain, 2004, 40(4), 157-163.
45. Liao, J. and Vesely, I. Skewness angle of interfibrillar proteoglycans increases with applied load on mitral valve chordae tendineae. J. Biomech., 2007, 40, 390-398. (Pubitemid 44958569)
46. Screen, H. R. C., Shelton, J. C., Chhaya, V. H., Kayser, M. V., Bader, D. L., and Lee, D. A. The influence of noncollagenous matrix components on the micromechanical environment of tendon fascicles. Ann. Biomed. Eng., 2005, 33(8), 1090-1099. (Pubitemid 41165012)
47. Lovekamp, J. J., Simionescu, D. T., Mercuri, J. J., Zubiate, B., Sacks, M. S., and Vyavahare, N. R. Stability and function of glycosaminoglycans in porcine bioprosthetic heart valves. Biomaterials, 2006, 27(8), 1507-1518. (Pubitemid 41739577)
48. Schoen, F. J. Cardiac valves and valvular pathology: update on function, disease, repair, and replacement. Cardiovasc. Pathol., 2005; 14(4), 189-194. (Pubitemid 40977863)
49. Banes, A. J. and Frango, J. A. Mechanical strain and the mammalian cell. In Physical forces and the mammalian cell, 1993, pp. 81-123, (Academic Press, London).
50. Oddou, C., Wendling, S., Petite, H., and Meunier, A. Cell mechanotransduction and interactions with biological tissues. Biorheology, 2000, 37, 17-25. (Pubitemid 30353532)
51. Hove, J. R., Koster, R. W., Forouhar, A. S., Acevedo-Bolton, G., Fraser, S. E., and Gharib, M. Intracardiac fluid forces are an essential epigenetic factor for embryonic cardiogenesis. Nature, 2003, 421(6919), 172-177. (Pubitemid 36090985)
52. Sacks, M. S. Biomechanics of native and engineered heart valve tissues. In Functional tissue engineering (eds Guilak, F., Butler, D., Goldstein, S., and Mooney, D.), 2003, pp. 243-257 (Springer-Verlag, New York).