A 3000-year varved record of glacier activity and climate change from the proglacial lake Hvítárvatn, Iceland

Quaternary Science Reviews

Volumn 30, Issue 19-20, 2011, Pages 2715-2731

  Larsen, Darren J ^a,b   Miller, Gifford H ^a,b   Geirsdóttir, Áslaug ^b   Thordarson, Thorvaldur ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ICELAND   (Iceland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Glacier erosion; Holocene paleoclimate; Iceland; Lake sediment; Little ice age; Medieval warm period; Soil erosion; Varves

Indexed keywords

HOLOCENES; ICELANDS; LAKE SEDIMENT; LITTLE ICE AGE; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; SOIL EROSION; VARVES;

ANOXIC SEDIMENTS; CATCHMENTS; DEBRIS; EROSION; EXPLOSIVES; GEOCHRONOLOGY; GLACIAL GEOLOGY; GLACIERS; ICE; LAKES; LEAD ACID BATTERIES; ORGANIC CARBON; RUNOFF; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SNOW; SOIL MECHANICS;

CLIMATE CHANGE;

CATCHMENT; CLIMATE CHANGE; GLACIAL EROSION; GLACIOLOGY; ICE-RAFTED DEBRIS; LACUSTRINE DEPOSIT; LITTLE ICE AGE; MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD; PALEOCLIMATE; PROGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; SEDIMENTOLOGY; SOIL EROSION; STRATIGRAPHY; SUBGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT; TEPHRA; TEPHROCHRONOLOGY; VARVE; VOLCANIC ERUPTION;

HVITARVATN; ICELAND;

EID: 80051885697     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.05.026     Document Type: Article

References (91)

1. Ammann C.M., Joos F., Schimel D.S., Otto-Bliesner B.L., Tomas R.A. Solar influence on climate during the past millennium: results from transient simulations with the NCAR Climate System Model. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007, 104:3713-3718.
2. Andersen C., Koc N., Moros M. A highly unstable Holocene climate in the subpolar North Atlantic: evidence from diatoms. Quaternary Science Reviews 2004, 23:2155-2166.
3. Andrews J.T., Caseldine C., Weiner N.J., Hatton J. Late Holocene (ca 4 ka) marine and terrestrial environmental change in Reykjarfjordur, north Iceland: climate and/or settlement?. Journal of Quaternary Science 2001, 16:133-143.
4. Andrews J.T., Giraudeau J. Multi-proxy records showing significant Holocene environmental variability: the inner N. Icelandic shelf (Húnaflói). Quaternary Science Reviews 2003, 22:175-193.
5. Andrews J.T., Darby D., Eberle D., Jennings A.E., Moros M., Ogilvie A. A robust, multisite Holocene history of drift ice off northern Iceland: implications for North Atlantic climate. The Holocene 2009, 19:71-77.
6. Axford Y., Miller G.H., Geirsdóttir K., Langdon P.G. Holocene temperature history of northern Iceland inferred from subfossil midges. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:3344-3358.
7. Axford Y., Geirsdóttir A., Miller G.H., Langdon P.G. Climate of the little ice age and the past 2000 years in northeast Iceland inferred from chironomids and other lake sediment proxies. Journal of Paleolimnology 2009, 41:7-24.
8. Bendle J.A.P., Rosell-Melé A. High-resolution alkenone sea surface temperature variability on the north Icelandic shelf: implications for Nordic Seas palaeoclimatic development during the Holocene. Holocene 2007, 17:9-24.
9. Berger A., Loutre M.F. Insolation values for the climate of the last 10,000,000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews 1991, 10:297-317.
10. Björnsson H., Pálsson F. Icelandic glaciers. Jokull 2008, 58:365-386.
11. Black, J., 2008. Holocene climate change in south central Iceland: a multiproxy lacustrine record from glacial lake Hvitarvatn. Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado, Boulder. 348 pp.
12. Black J., Miller G.H., Geirsdóttir A., Manley W., Björnsson H. Sediment thickness and Holocene erosion rates derived from a seismic survey of Hvitarvatn, central Iceland. Jokull 2004, 54:37-56.
13. Bond G., Kromer B., Beer J., Muscheler R., Evans M.N., Showers W., Hoffmann S., Lotti-Bond R., Hajdas I., Bonani G. Persistent solar influence on north Atlantic climate during the Holocene. Science 2001, 294:2130-2136.
14. Christiansen H.H., Hanne H., Etzelmüller B., Isaksen K., Juliussen H., Farbrot H., Humlum O., Johansson M., et al. The thermal state of permafrost in the Nordic area during the international polar year 2007-2009. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 2010, 21:156-181.
15. Denton G.H., Karlén W. Holocene climatic variations - their pattern and possible cause. Quaternary Research 1973, 3:155-205.
16. Desloges J.R. Varve deposition and the sediment yield record at 3 small lakes of the southern Canadian Cordillera. Arctic and Alpine Research 1994, 26:130-140.
17. Dugmore A.J., Cook G.T., Shore J.S., Newton A.J., Edwards K.J., Larsen G. Radiocarbon dating tephra layers in Britain and Iceland. Radiocarbon 1995, 37:379-388.
18. Eiríksson J., Knudsen K.L., Haflidason H., Heinemeier J. Chronology of late Holocene climatic events in the northern North Atlantic based on AMS C-14 dates and tephra markers from the volcano Hekla, Iceland. Journal of Quaternary Science 2000, 15:573-580.
19. Eiríksson J., Knudsen K.L., Haflidason H., Henriksen P. Late-glacial and Holocene palaeoceanography of the North Icelandic shelf. Journal of Quaternary Science 2000, 15:23-42.
20. Eiríksson J., Larsen G., Knudsen K.L., Heinemeier J., Simonarson L.A. Marine reservoir age variability and water mass distribution in the Iceland Sea. Quaternary Science Reviews 2004, 23:2247-2268.
21. Etzelmüller B., Farbrot H., Gudmundsson Á, Humlum O., Tveito O.E., Björnsson H. The regional distribution of mountain permafrost in Iceland. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 2007, 18:185-199.
22. Farbrot H., Etzelmüller B., Schuler T.V., Gudmundsson Á, Eiken T., Humlum O., Björnsson H. Thermal characteristics and impact of climate change on mountain permafrost in Iceland. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:F03S90. 10.1029/2006JF000541.
23. Flowers G.E., Marshall S.J., Björnsson H., Clarke G.K.C. Sensitivity of Vatnajökull ice cap hydrology and dynamics to climate warming over the next 2 centuries. Journal of Geophysical Research 2005, 110:F02011. 10.1029/2004JF000200.
24. Flowers G.E., Björnsson H., Geirsdóttir A., Miller G.H., Clarke G.K.C. Glacier fluctuation and inferred climatology of Langjokull ice cap through the little ice age. Quaternary Science Reviews 2007, 26:2337-2353.
25. Francus P., Asikainen C.A. Sub-sampling unconsolidated sediments: a solution for the preparation of undisturbed thin-sections from clay-rich sediments. Journal of Paleolimnology 2001, 26:323-326.
26. Gao C.C., Robock A., Ammann C. Volcanic forcing of climate over the past 1500 years: an improved ice core-based index for climate models. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:D23111. 10.1029/2008JD010239.
27. Geirsdóttir A., Miller G.H., Axford Y., Olafsdottir S. Holocene and latest Pleistocene climate and glacier fluctuations in Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:2107-2118.
28. Geirsdóttir A., Miller G.H., Thordarson T., Olafsdottir K.B. A 2000 year record of climate variations reconstructed from Haukadalsvatn, West Iceland. Journal of Paleolimnology 2009, 41:95-115.
29. Geirsdóttir A., Miller G.H., Wattrus N.J., Björnsson H., Thors K. Stabilization of glaciers terminating in closed water bodies: evidence and broader implications. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L17502. 10.1029/2008GL034432.
30. Glew J.R. Miniature gravity corer for recovering short sediment cores. Journal of Paleolimnology 1991, 5:285-287.
31. Grattan J.P., Gilbertson D.D. Prehistoric "Settlement Crisis", environmental changes in the British Isles and volcanic eruptions in Iceland: an exploration of plausible linkages. Geological Society of America Special Paper 2000, vol. 345:33-42. F. McCoy, G. Heiken (Eds.).
32. Grönvold K., Oskarsson N., Johnsen S.J., Clausen H.B., Hammer C.U., Bond G., Bard E. Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 1995, 135:149-155.
33. Gudmundsson H.J. A review of the Holocene environmental history of Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews 1997, 16:81-92.
34. Hallsdóttir M. On the pre-settlement history of Icelandic vegetation. Buvísindi 1995, 9:17-29.
35. Hodder K.R., Gilbert R., Desloges J.R. Glaciolacustrine varved sediment as an alpine hydroclimatic proxy. Journal of Paleolimnology 2007, 38:365-394.
36. Hodell D.A., Brenner M., Curtis J.H., Guilderson T. Solar forcing of drought frequency in the Maya lowlands. Science 2001, 292:1367-1370.
37. Jagan, A., 2010. Tephra stratigraphy and geochemistry from three Icelandic lake cores: a new method for determining source volcano of tephra layers. M.S. thesis, The University of Edinburgh.
38. Jansen E., Overpeck J., Briffa K.R., Duplessy J.-C., Joos F., Masson-Delmotte V., Olago D., Otto-Bliesner B., Peltier W.R., Rahmstorf S., Ramesh R., Raynaud D., Rind D., Solomina O., Villalba R., Zhang D.E. Paleoclimate. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Cambridge UNiversity Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. MAnning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M. Tignor, H.L. Miller (Eds.).
39. Jiang H., Seidenkrantz M.S., Knudsen K.L., Eiríksson J. Late-Holocene summer sea-surface temperatures based on a diatom record from the north Icelandic shelf. Holocene 2002, 12:137-147.
40. Jiang H., Eiríksson J., Schulz M., Knudsen K.L., Seidenkrantz M.S. Evidence for solar forcing of sea-surface temperature on the North Icelandic Shelf during the late Holocene. Geology 2005, 33:73-76.
41. Jiang H., Ren J., Knudsen K.L., Eiríksson J., Ran L.H. Summer sea-surface temperatures and climate events on the North Icelandic shelf through the last 3000 years. Chinese Science Bulletin 2007, 52:789-796.
42. Jóhannsdóttir, G. E., 2007. Mid-Holocene to late glacial tephrochronology in West Iceland as revealed in three lacustrine environments. M.S. thesis, University of Iceland.
43. Jones P.D., Briffa K.R., Osborn T.J., Lough J.M., van Ommen T.D., Vinther B.M., Lutherbacher J., Wahl E.R., Zwiers F.W., Mann M.E., Schmidt G.A., Ammann C.M., Buckley B.M., Cobb K.M., Esper J., Goosse H., Graham N., Jansen E., Kiefer T., Kull C., Kuttel M., Mosley-Thompson E., Overpeck J.T., Riedwyl N., Schulz M., Tudhope A.W., Villalba R., Wanner H., Wolff E., Xoplaki E. High-resolution palaeoclimatology of the last millennium: a review of current status and future prospects. Holocene 2009, 19:3-49.
44. Justwan A., Koc N., Jennings A.E. Evolution of the Irminger and East Icelandic Current systems through the Holocene, revealed by diatom-based sea surface temperature reconstructions. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:1571-1582.
45. Kaufman D.S., Schneider D.P., McKay N.P., Ammann C.M., Bradley R.S., Briffa K.R., Miller G.H., Otto-Bliesner B.L., Overpeck J.T., Vinther B.M. Recent warming reverses long-term Arctic cooling. Science 2009, 325:1236-1239. Arctic Lakes 2k Project, M.
46. Kirkbride M.P., Dugmore A.J. Timing and significance of mid-Holocene glacier advances in northern and central Iceland. Journal of Quaternary Science 2001, 16:145-153.
47. Kirkbride M.P., Dugmore A.J. Responses of mountain lee caps in central Iceland to Holocene climate change. Quaternary Science Reviews 2006, 25:1692-1707.
48. Knudsen K.L., Eiríksson J. Application of tephrochronology to the timing and correlation of palaeoceanographic events recorded in Holocene and Late Glacial shelf sediments off North Iceland. Marine Geology 2002, 191:165-188.
49. Lamoureux S.F., Bradley R.S. A late Holocene varved sediment record of environmental change from northern Ellesmere Island, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 1996, 16:239-255.
50. Larsen G. Recent volcanic activity of the Veidivotn fissure swarm, southern Iceland: and approach to volcanic risk assessment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 1984, 22:33-58.
51. Larsen G. Holocene eruptions within the Katla volcanic system, south Iceland: characteristics and environmental impact. Jokull 2000, 49:1-28.
52. Larsen G., Eiríksson J. Late Quaternary terrestrial tephrochronology of Iceland - frequency of explosive eruptions, type and volume of tephra deposits. Journal of Quaternary Science 2008, 23:109-120.
53. Larsen G., Thorarinsson S. H4 and other acid hekla layers. Jokull 1977, 27:29-46.
54. Leonard E.M. Varve studies at Hector Lake, Alberta, Canada, and the relationship between glacial activity and sedimentation. Quaternary Research 1986, 25:199-214.
55. Leonard E.M. The relationship between glacial activity and sediment production: evidence from a 4450-year varve record of neoglacial sedimentation in Hector Lake, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology 1997, 17:319-330.
56. Loso M.G., Anderson R.S., Anderson S.P., Reimer P.J. A 1500-year record of temperature and glacial response inferred from varved Iceberg Lake, southcentral Alaska. Quaternary Research 2006, 66:12-24.
57. Luterbacher J., Dietrich D., Xoplaki E., Grosjean M., Wanner H. European seasonal and annual temperature variability, trends, and extremes since 1500. Science 2004, 303:1499-1503.
58. Mack R.N. Initial effects of ashfall from Mount St Helens on vegetation in eastern Washington and adjacent Idaho. Nature 1981, 213:537-539.
59. Mann M.E., Bradley R.S., Hughes M.K. Global-scale temperature patterns and climate forcing over the past six centuries. Nature 1998, 392:779-787.
60. Mann M.E., Jones P.D. Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters 2003, 30(No. 15):1820. 10.1029/2003GL017814.
61. Mann M.E., Zhang Z.H., Hughes M.K., Bradley R.S., Miller S.K., Rutherford S., Ni F.B. Proxy-based reconstructions of hemispheric and global surface temperature variations over the past two millennia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008, 105:13252-13257.
62. Mann M.E., Zhang Z.H., Rutherford S., Bradley R.S., Hughes M.K., Shindell D., Ammann C., Faluvegi G., Ni F.B. Global signatures and dynamical origins of the little ice age and medieval climate anomaly. Science 2009, 326:1256-1260.
63. Massé G., Rowland S.J., Sicre M., Jacob J., Jansen E., Belt S.T. Abrupt climate changes for Iceland during the last millennium: evidence from high resolution sea ice reconstructions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 269:565-569.
64. Mayewski P.A., Rohling E.E., Stager J.C., Karlen W., Maasch K.A., Meeker L.D., Meyerson E.A., Gasse F., van Kreveld S., Holmgren K., Lee-Thorp J., Rosqvist G., Rack F., Staubwasser M., Schneider R.R., Steig E.J. Holocene climate variability. Quaternary Research 2004, 62:243-255.
65. Meyers P.A. Preservation of elemental and isotopic source identification of sedimentary organic-matter. Chemical Geology 1994, 114:289-302.
66. Meyers P.A., Teranes J.L. Sediment organic matter. Physical and Geochemical Methods 2001, vol. 2:239-269. Kluwer, Dordrecht. W.M. Last, J.P. Smol (Eds.).
67. Moberg A., Sonechkin D.M., Holmgren K., Datsenko N.M., Karlen W. Highly variable northern Hemisphere temperatures reconstructed from low- and high-resolution proxy data. Nature 2005, 433:613-617.
68. Nesje A. Latest Pleistocene and Holocene alpine glacier fluctuations in Scandinavia. Quaternary Science Reviews 2009, 28:2119-2136.
69. Ojala A.E.K., Tiljander M. Testing the fidelity of sediment chronology: comparison of varve and paleomagnetic results from Holocene lake sediments from central Finland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2003, 22:1787-1803.
70. Ólafsdóttir S., Jennings A.E., Geirsdóttir Á, Andrews J.T., Miller G.H. Holocene variability of the north Atlantic Irminger current on the south and northwest shelf of Iceland. Marine Micropaleontology 2010, 77:101-118.
71. Ólafsdóttir, S., 2010. Holocene marine and lacustrine paleoclimate and paleomagnetic records from Iceland: land-sea correlations. Ph.D. thesis, University of Iceland.
72. Ólafsdóttir, K. B., 2010. Time series analysis based on paleoclimatic proxies from lake sediments in Iceland. M.S. Thesis, University of Iceland.
73. Oppo D.W., McManus J.F., Cullen J.L. Palaeo-oceanography: deepwater variability in the Holocene epoch. Nature 2003, 422:277-278.
74. Overpeck J., Hughen K., Hardy D., Bradley R., Case R., Douglas M., Finney B., Gajewski K., Jacoby G., Jennings A., Lamoureux S., Lasca A., MacDonald G., Moore J., Retelle M., Smith S., Wolfe A., Zielinski G. Arctic environmental change of the last four centuries. Science 1997, 278:1251-1256.
75. Patterson W.P., Dietrich K.A., Holmden C., Andrews J.T. Two millennia of North Atlantic seasonality and implications for Norse colonies. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2010, 107:5306-5310.
76. Rampino M.R., Self S., Stothers R.B. Volcanic winters. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1988, 16:73-99.
77. Ran L.H., Jiang H., Knudsen K.L., Eiríksson J. A high-resolution Holocene diatom record on the north Icelandic shelf. Boreas 2008, 37:399-413.
78. Seidenkrantz M., Roncaglia L., Fischel A., Heilmann-Clausen C., Kuijpers A., Moros M. Variable North Atlantic climate seesaw patterns documented by a late Holocene marine record from Disko Bugt, West Greenland. Marine Micropaleontology 2008, 68:66-83.
79. Shindell D.T., Schmidt G.A., Miller R.L., Rind D. Northern Hemisphere winter climate response to greenhouse gas, ozone, solar, and volcanic forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 2001, 106:7193-7210.
80. Sicre M.A., Yiou P., Eiríksson J., Ezat U., Guimbaut E., Dahhaoui I., Knudsen K.L., Jansen E., Turon J.L. A 4500-year reconstruction of sea surface temperature variability at decadal time-scales off north Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews 2008, 27:2041-2047.
81. Sinton J., Grönvold K., Saemundsson K. Postglacial eruptive history of the western volcanic zone, Iceland. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2005, 6:Q12009.
82. Stothers R.B., Rampino M.R. Historic volcanism, European dry fogs, and Greenland acid precipitation, 1500 BC to AD 1500. Science 1983, 222:411-413.
83. Stötter J., Wastl M., Caseldine C., Haberle T. Holocene palaeoclimatic reconstruction in northern Iceland: approaches and results. Quaternary Science Reviews 1999, 18:457-474.
84. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J. Extended 14C database and revised CALIB radiocarbon calibration program. Radiocarbon 1993, 35:215-230.
85. Stuiver M., Braziunas T.F., Grootes P.M., Zielinski G.A. Is there evidence for solar forcing of climate in the GISP2 oxygen isotope record?. Quaternary Research 1997, 48:259-266.
86. Stuiver M., Reimer P.J., Bard E., Beck J.W., Burr G.S., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac G., Van der Plicht J., Spurk M. INTCAL98 radiocarbon age calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP. Radiocarbon 1998, 40:1041-1083.
87. Thorarinsson S. The eruptions of Hekla in historical times. The Eruption of Hekla 1947-1948 1967, VI:183. Vísindafélag Islendinga, (Societas Scientarum Islandica). T. Einarsson, G. Kjartansson, S. Thórarinsson (Eds.).
88. Thordarson T., Miller D.J., Larsen G., Self S., Sigurdsson H. New estimates of sulfur degassing and atmospheric mass-loading by the 934AD Eldgjá eruption, Iceland. Journal of Volcanology Geothermal Research. 2001, 108:33-54.
89. Thordarson T., Larsen G. Volcanism in Iceland in historical time: volcano types, eruption styles and eruptive history. Journal of Geodynamics 2007, 43:118-152.
90. Trouet V., Esper J., Graham N.E., Baker A., Scourse J.D., Frank D.C. Persistent positive north Atlantic oscillation mode dominated the medieval climate anomaly. Science 2009, 324:78-80.
91. van den Bogaard C., Dorfler W., Glos R., Nadeau M.J., Grootes P.M., Erlenkeuser H. Two tephra layers bracketing late Holocene paleoecological changes in northern Germany. Quaternary Research 2002, 57:314-324.