Behavioral and molecular genetics of dissociation: The role of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR)

Journal of Traumatic Stress

Volumn 24, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 373-380

  Pieper, Suzanne ^a   Out, Dorothée ^a   Bakermans Kranenburg, Marian J ^a   van Ijzendoorn, Marinus H ^a  

^a LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER; SLC6A4 PROTEIN, HUMAN;

ADULT; AGED; ALLELE; ARTICLE; BEHAVIOR; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDER; DNA SEQUENCE; FEMALE; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; GENETICS; HUMAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NETHERLANDS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; TWINS;

ADULT; AGED; ALLELES; BEHAVIOR; DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; NETHERLANDS; POLYMORPHISM, GENETIC; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS, DNA; SEROTONIN PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80051869606     PISSN: 08949867     EISSN: 15736598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jts.20659     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Beach, S. R., Brody, G. H., Gunter, T. D., Packer, H., Wernett, P., & Philibert, R. A. (2010). Child maltreatment moderates the association of MAOA with symptoms of depression and antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Family Psychology, 24, 12-20. doi:10.1037/a0018074.
3. Beach, S. R., Brody, G. H., Todorov, A. A., Gunter, T. D. & Philibert, R. A. (2009). Methylation at SLC6A4 is linked to family history of child abuse: An examination of the Iowa adoptee sample. American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, 153B, 710-713. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31028.
4. Becker-Blease, K. A., Deater-Deckard, K., Eley, T., Freyd, J. J., Stevenson, J., & Plomin, R. (2004). A genetic analysis of individual differences in dissociative behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 522-532. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00242.x.
5. Bernstein, E. M., & Putnam, F. W. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727-735.
6. Bosia, M., Anselmetti, S., Pirovano, A., Ermoli, E., Marino, E., Bramanti, P., ... Cavallaro, R. (2010). HTTLPR functional polymorphism in schizophrenia: Executive functions vs. sustained attention dissociation. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 34, 81-85. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.10.001.
7. Caspi, A., Hariri, A. R., Holmes, A., Uher, R., & Moffitt, T. E. (2010). Genetic sensitivity to the environment: The case of the serotonin transporter gene and its implications for studying complex diseases and traits. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 509-527. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101452.
8. Caspi, A., Sugden, K., Moffitt, T. E., Taylor, A., Craig, I. W., Harrington, H., ... Poulton, R. (2003). Influence of life stress on depression: Moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386-389. doi:10.1126/science.1083968.
9. Cima, M., Merckelbach, H., Klein, B., Shellbach-Matties, R., & Kremer, K. (2001). Frontal lobe dysfunctions, dissociation, and trauma self-reports in forensic psychiatric patients. Journal Nervous and Mental Disease, 189, 188-190.
10. Eaves, L., Heath, A., Martin, N., Maes, H., Neale, M., Kendler, K., ... Corey, L. (1999). Comparing the biological and cultural inheritance of personality and social attitudes in the Virginia 30, 000 study of twins and their relatives. Twin Research, 2, 62-80.
11. Eisen, S., Neuman, R., Goldberg, J., & True, W. (1989). Determining zygosity in the Vietnam Era-Twin Registry: An approach using questionnaires. Clinical Genetics, 35, 423-432.
12. Foa, E. B. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson Inc.
13. Gonda, X., Fountoulakis, K. N., Juhasz, G., Rihmer, Z., Lazary, J., Laszik, A., ... Bagdy, G. (2009). Association of the s allele of the 5-HTTLPR with neuroticism-related traits and temperaments in a psychiatrically healthy population. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 259, 106-113. doi:10.1007/s00406-008-0842-7.
14. Gurpegui, M., Jurado, D., Fernandez-Molina, M. C., Moreno-Abril, O., Luna, J. D., & Alarcon, R. D. (2009). Personality profiles and minor affective psychopathology in a nonclinical sample: an empirical verification of Cloninger's theoretical model. Journal of Affective Disorders, 119, 34-42. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.03.006.
15. Jang, K. L., Paris, J., Zweig-Frank, H., & Livesley, W. J. (1998). Twin study of dissociative experience. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 186, 345-351.
16. Kaffman, A., & Meaney, M. J. (2007). Neurodevelopmental sequelae of postnatal maternal care in rodents: Clinical and research implications of molecular insights. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 224-244. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01730.x.
17. Lesch, K. P., Bengel, D., Heils, A., Sabol, S. Z., Greenberg, B. D., Petri, S., ... Murphy, D. L. (1996). Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science, 274, 1527-1531.
18. Lochner, C., Seedat, S., Hemmings, S. M., Moolman-Smook, J. C., Kidd, M., & Stein, D. J. (2007). Investigating the possible effects of trauma experiences and 5-HTT on the dissociative experiences of patients with OCD using path analysis and multiple regression. Neuropsychobiology, 56, 6-13. doi:10.1159/000109971.
19. Luddington, N. S., Mandadapu, A., Husk, M., & El-Mallakh, R. S. (2009). Clinical implications of genetic variation in the serotonin transporter promoter region: a review. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 11, 93-102. doi:10.4088/PCC.08r00656.
20. Magnus, P., Berg, K., & Nance, W. E. (1983). Predicting zygosity in Norwegian twin pairs born 1915-1960. Clinical Genetics, 24, 103-112.
21. Markowitsch, H. J. (2003). Psychogenic amnesia. Neuroimage, 20(Suppl 1), S132-S138. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.09.010.
22. Marysko, M., Reck, C., Matthies, V., Finke, P., Resch, F., & Moehler, E. (2010). History of childhood abuse is accompanied by increased dissociation in young mothers five months postnatally. Psychopathology, 43, 104-109. doi:10.1159/000276999.
23. Maurex, L., Zaboli, G., Ohman, A., Asberg, M., & Leopardi, R. (2010). The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and affective symptoms among women diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. European Psychiatry, 25, 19-25. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.05.001.
24. McGowan, P. O., Sasaki, A., D'Alessio, A. C., Dymov, S., Labonté, B., Szyf, M., ... Meaney, M. J. (2009). Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor in human brain associates with childhood abuse. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 342-348. doi:10.1038/nn.2270.
25. Merckelbach, H., & Muris, P. (2001). The causal link between self-reported trauma and dissociation: A critical review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 245-254.
26. Munafo, M. R., Durrant, C., Lewis, G., & Flint, J. (2009). Gene X environment interactions at the serotonin transporter locus. Biological Psychiatry, 65, 211-219. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.009.
27. Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., & Xie, G. (2003). Mx: Statistical modeling (6th ed.). Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychiatry.
28. Out, D., Pieper, S., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & Van Ijzendoorn, M. H. (2010). Intended sensitive and harsh caregiving responses to infant crying: The role of cry pitch and perceived urgency in an adult twin sample. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 863-873. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.05.003.
29. Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D Scale. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1, 385-401.
30. Rasbash, J., Charlton, C., Browne, W. J., Healy, M., & Cameron, B. (2005). MLwiN. Bristol, England: University of Bristol, Centre for Multilevel Modeling.
31. Risch, N., Herrell, R., Lehner, T., Liang, K. Y., Eaves, L., Hoh, J., ... Merikangas, K. R. (2009). Interaction between the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR), stressful life events, and risk of depression: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 301, 2462-2471. doi:10.1001/jama.2009.878.
32. Roe-Sepowitz, D., Bedard, L. E., & Pate, K. (2007). The impact of child abuse on dissociative symptoms: a study of incarcerated women. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 8, 7-26. doi:10.1300/J229v08n03-02.
33. Rothman, K. J. (1990). No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology, 1, 43-46.
34. Sanders, B., & Giolas, M. H. (1991). Dissociation and childhood trauma in psychologically disturbed adolescents. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 50-54.
35. Savitz, J. B., van der Merwe, L., Newman, T. K., Solms, M., Stein, D. J., & Ramesar, R. S. (2008). The relationship between childhood abuse and dissociation. Is it influenced by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity? International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 11, 149-161. doi:10.1017/S1461145707007900.
36. Smith, G. S., Lotrich, F. E., Malhotra, A. K., Lee, A. T., Ma, Y., Kramer, E., ... Pollock, B. G. (2004). Effects of serotonin transporter promoter polymorphisms on serotonin function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 2226-2234. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300552.
37. Uher, R., & McGuffin, P. (2008). The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the aetiology of mental illness: Review and methodological analysis. Molecular Psychiatry, 13, 131-146. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002067.
38. Uher, R., & McGuffin, P. (2010). The moderation by the serotonin transporter gene of environmental adversity in the etiology of depression: 2009 update. Molecular Psychiatry, 15, 18-22. doi:10.1038/mp.2009.123.
39. Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Caspers, K., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Beach, S. R. H., & Philibert, R. (2010). Methylation matters: Interaction between methylation density and serotonin transporter genotype predicts unresolved loss or trauma. Biological Psychiatry, 68, 405-407. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.05.008.
40. Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Schuengel, C. (1990). The measurement of dissociation in normal and clinical populations: Meta-analytic validation of the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 365-382.
41. Waller, N. G., Putnam, F. W., & Carlson, E. B. (1996). Types of dissociation and dissociative types: A taxometric analysis of dissociative experiences. Psychological Methods, 1, 300-321.
42. Waller, N. G., & Ross, C. A. (1997). The prevalence and biometric structure of pathological dissociation in the general population: Taxometric and behavior genetic findings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 499-510.
43. Wendland, J. R., Martin, B. J., Kruse, M. R., Lesch, K. P., & Murphy, D. L. (2006). Simultaneous genotyping of four functional loci of human SLC6A4, with a reappraisal of 5-HTTLPR and rs25531. Molecular Psychiatry, 11, 224-226. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001789.
44. Williams, R. B., Marchuk, D. A., Gadde, K. M., Barefoot, J. C., Grichnik, K., Helms, M. J., ... Siegler, I. C. (2003). Serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and central nervous system serotonin function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 28, 533-541. doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300054.
45. Zhang, T. Y., & Meaney, M. J. (2010). Epigenetics and the environmental regulation of the genome and its function. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 439-466. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163625.