메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 85, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 74-82

Chemical and physical characterization of produced waters from conventional and unconventional fossil fuel resources

Author keywords

Beneficial use; Coal bed methane produced waters; Conventional natural gas produced waters; Conventional oil produced waters; Shale gas produced waters; Tight gas sands produced waters

Indexed keywords

CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; COAL; COAL BED METHANE; COAL DEPOSITS; COAL INDUSTRY; GASES; IRON; IRRIGATION; LARGE DATASET; NATURAL GAS; PRODUCED WATER; SHALE GAS; SURFACE WATERS; TIGHT GAS;

EID: 80051839713     PISSN: 00456535     EISSN: 18791298     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.05.043     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (136)

References (59)
  • 1
    • 84860394950 scopus 로고
    • Standard Test Fish Development. Part I. Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) as Standard Fish in Bioassays and their Reaction to Potential Reference Toxicants. EPA-600/3-76-061A, USEPA, Duluth, MN
    • Adelman, I.R., Smith, L.L., Jr., 1976. Standard Test Fish Development. Part I. Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) as Standard Fish in Bioassays and their Reaction to Potential Reference Toxicants. EPA-600/3-76-061A, USEPA, Duluth, MN, pp. 77.
    • (1976) , pp. 77
    • Adelman, I.R.1    Smith Jr., L.L.2
  • 2
    • 0017281032 scopus 로고
    • Acute toxicity of sodium chloride, pentachlorophenol, Guthion, and hexavalent chromium to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and goldfish (Curassius auratus)
    • Adelman I.R., Smith L.L., Siesennop G.D. Acute toxicity of sodium chloride, pentachlorophenol, Guthion, and hexavalent chromium to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and goldfish (Curassius auratus). Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 1976, 33:203-208.
    • (1976) Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , vol.33 , pp. 203-208
    • Adelman, I.R.1    Smith, L.L.2    Siesennop, G.D.3
  • 3
    • 84860418809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
    • American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, 2005. Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
    • (2005)
  • 4
    • 84860415397 scopus 로고
    • Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D.W.. Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, Rome, FAO.
    • Ayers, R.S., Westcot, D.W., 1994. Water Quality for Agriculture. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, vol. 29. Rome, FAO.
    • (1994) , vol.29
  • 5
    • 33645577380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of aquatic toxicities of chromium and chromium-containing effluents in reference to chromium electroplating industries
    • Baral A., Engelken R., Stephens W., Farris J., Hannigan R. Evaluation of aquatic toxicities of chromium and chromium-containing effluents in reference to chromium electroplating industries. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2006, 50:496-502.
    • (2006) Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology , vol.50 , pp. 496-502
    • Baral, A.1    Engelken, R.2    Stephens, W.3    Farris, J.4    Hannigan, R.5
  • 6
    • 0000507322 scopus 로고
    • Effects of various metals on survival, growth, reproduction and metabolism of Daphnia magna
    • Biesinger K.E., Christensen G.M. Effects of various metals on survival, growth, reproduction and metabolism of Daphnia magna. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 1972, 29:1691-1700.
    • (1972) Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada , vol.29 , pp. 1691-1700
    • Biesinger, K.E.1    Christensen, G.M.2
  • 8
    • 84860418797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Assessment of the Long-term Environmental Effects of US Offshore Oil and Gas Development Activities: Future Research Needs. In: Long-term Environmental Effects of US Offshore Oil and Gas Development. Taylor & Francis
    • Boesch, D.F., Butler, J.N., Cacchione, D.A., Geraci, J.R., Neff, J.M., Ray, J.P., Teal, J.M., 2005. An Assessment of the Long-term Environmental Effects of US Offshore Oil and Gas Development Activities: Future Research Needs. In: Long-term Environmental Effects of US Offshore Oil and Gas Development. Taylor & Francis, pp. 27.
    • (2005) , pp. 27
    • Boesch, D.F.1    Butler, J.N.2    Cacchione, D.A.3    Geraci, J.R.4    Neff, J.M.5    Ray, J.P.6    Teal, J.M.7
  • 9
    • 0033054778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity identification evaluation of metal-contaminated sediments using an artificial pore water containing dissolved organic carbons
    • Boucher A.M., Watzin M.C. Toxicity identification evaluation of metal-contaminated sediments using an artificial pore water containing dissolved organic carbons. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1999, 18:509-518.
    • (1999) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.18 , pp. 509-518
    • Boucher, A.M.1    Watzin, M.C.2
  • 10
    • 0020643605 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the toxicity of tribromoethene, cyclohexene and bromocyclohexane to different freshwater organisms
    • Canton J.H., Wegman R.C.C. Studies on the toxicity of tribromoethene, cyclohexene and bromocyclohexane to different freshwater organisms. Water Research 1983, 17:743-747.
    • (1983) Water Research , vol.17 , pp. 743-747
    • Canton, J.H.1    Wegman, R.C.C.2
  • 11
    • 84860418796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in the United States, ANL/EVS/R-09/1, Prepared by the Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory.
    • Clark, C.E., Veil, J.A., 2009. Produced Water Volumes and Management Practices in the United States, ANL/EVS/R-09/1, Prepared by the Environmental Science Division Argonne National Laboratory.
    • (2009)
    • Clark, C.E.1    Veil, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 84860407501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ESN Rocky Mountain, 2003. Produced Gas and Water Testing of CBM Gas Wells in the Raton Basin. Report Prepared by Rocky Mountain Environmental Services Network, Denver Colorado for the COGCC.
    • ESN Rocky Mountain, 2003. Produced Gas and Water Testing of CBM Gas Wells in the Raton Basin. Report Prepared by Rocky Mountain Environmental Services Network, Denver Colorado for the COGCC.
  • 16
    • 84860416594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied Hydrogeology. Merrill, Columbus, OH.
    • Fetter, C.W., 2001. Applied Hydrogeology. Merrill, Columbus, OH.
    • (2001)
    • Fetter, C.W.1
  • 17
    • 0141688999 scopus 로고
    • Sources, characteristics, and management of produced waters from natural gas production and storage operations. In: Ray, J.P., Engelhardt, F.R. (Eds.), Produced Water: Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions
    • Fillo, J.P., Koraido, S.M., Evans, J.M., 1992. Sources, characteristics, and management of produced waters from natural gas production and storage operations. In: Ray, J.P., Engelhardt, F.R. (Eds.), Produced Water: Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions, pp. 73-88.
    • (1992) , pp. 73-88
    • Fillo, J.P.1    Koraido, S.M.2    Evans, J.M.3
  • 18
    • 84860416595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GPRI, 2003. Conversion of Oil Field Produced Brine to Fresh Water. Global Petroleum Research Institute Designs. A Petroleum E&P Research Cooperative.
    • GPRI, 2003. Conversion of Oil Field Produced Brine to Fresh Water. Global Petroleum Research Institute Designs. A Petroleum E&P Research Cooperative.
  • 19
    • 0035047025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of radiation exposures from naturally occurring radioactive materials in the oil and gas industry
    • Hamlat M.S., Djeffal S., Kadi H. Assessment of radiation exposures from naturally occurring radioactive materials in the oil and gas industry. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2001, 55:141-146.
    • (2001) Applied Radiation and Isotopes , vol.55 , pp. 141-146
    • Hamlat, M.S.1    Djeffal, S.2    Kadi, H.3
  • 20
    • 4244209606 scopus 로고
    • The toxicity of organic phosphorus and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to fish. In: Tarzwell, C.M. (Ed.), Biological Problems in Water Pollution, Trans. 2nd Seminar, April 20-24, 1959, Tech. Rep. W60-3, US Public Health Service, R.A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, OH
    • Henderson, C., Pickering, Q.H., Tarzwell, C.M., 1960. The toxicity of organic phosphorus and chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides to fish. In: Tarzwell, C.M. (Ed.), Biological Problems in Water Pollution, Trans. 2nd Seminar, April 20-24, 1959, Tech. Rep. W60-3, US Public Health Service, R.A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, OH, pp.76-88.
    • (1960) , pp. 76-88
    • Henderson, C.1    Pickering, Q.H.2    Tarzwell, C.M.3
  • 21
    • 0030272784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of metal chelating agents to differentiate among sources of acute aquatic toxicity
    • Hockett J.R., Mount D.R. Use of metal chelating agents to differentiate among sources of acute aquatic toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1996, 15:1687-1693.
    • (1996) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.15 , pp. 1687-1693
    • Hockett, J.R.1    Mount, D.R.2
  • 22
    • 0011359730 scopus 로고
    • Bicarbonate as a potential confounding factor in cladoceran toxicity assessments of pore water from contaminated sediments
    • Hoke R.A., Gala W.R., Drake J.B., Giesy J.P., Flegler S. Bicarbonate as a potential confounding factor in cladoceran toxicity assessments of pore water from contaminated sediments. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 1992, 49:1633-1640.
    • (1992) Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , vol.49 , pp. 1633-1640
    • Hoke, R.A.1    Gala, W.R.2    Drake, J.B.3    Giesy, J.P.4    Flegler, S.5
  • 23
    • 84860416596 scopus 로고
    • Ground Water Availability in Jefferson County, Alabama, Alabama Geological Survey Special Map
    • Hunter, J.A., Moser, P.H., 1990. Ground Water Availability in Jefferson County, Alabama, Alabama Geological Survey Special Map 224.
    • (1990) , pp. 224
    • Hunter, J.A.1    Moser, P.H.2
  • 25
    • 51049123362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feasibility of a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland treatment system for simulated natural gas storage produced waters
    • Johnson B.M., Kanagy L.E., Rodgers J.H., Castle J.W. Feasibility of a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland treatment system for simulated natural gas storage produced waters. Environmental Geoscience 2008, 15:91-104.
    • (2008) Environmental Geoscience , vol.15 , pp. 91-104
    • Johnson, B.M.1    Kanagy, L.E.2    Rodgers, J.H.3    Castle, J.W.4
  • 27
    • 1642433542 scopus 로고
    • A review of the physical and mechanical properties of coal with implications for coalbed methane well completion and production: coalbed methane, San Juan Basin
    • Jones A.H., Bell G.J., Schraufngel R.A. A review of the physical and mechanical properties of coal with implications for coalbed methane well completion and production: coalbed methane, San Juan Basin. Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists 1988, 169:181.
    • (1988) Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists , vol.169 , pp. 181
    • Jones, A.H.1    Bell, G.J.2    Schraufngel, R.A.3
  • 28
    • 31244435754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel to a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and an amphipod (Hyallela azteca)
    • Keithly J., Brooker J.A., Deforest D.K., Wu B.K., Brix K.V. Acute and chronic toxicity of nickel to a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and an amphipod (Hyallela azteca). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2004, 23:691-696.
    • (2004) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.23 , pp. 691-696
    • Keithly, J.1    Brooker, J.A.2    Deforest, D.K.3    Wu, B.K.4    Brix, K.V.5
  • 30
    • 84860416593 scopus 로고
    • The Effects of Lesser known Metals and One Organic to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia magna. Manuscr., Dept .of Entomol., Fish. and Wildl., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
    • Kimball, G., 1978. The Effects of Lesser known Metals and One Organic to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Daphnia magna. Manuscr., Dept .of Entomol., Fish. and Wildl., Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, pp. 88.
    • (1978) , pp. 88
    • Kimball, G.1
  • 31
    • 0031908306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium chloride: a flow-through embryo-larval toxicity test with the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque
    • Long K.E., Brown R.P., Woodburn K.B. Lithium chloride: a flow-through embryo-larval toxicity test with the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. Bulletin of Environment Contamination and Toxicology 1998, 60:312-317.
    • (1998) Bulletin of Environment Contamination and Toxicology , vol.60 , pp. 312-317
    • Long, K.E.1    Brown, R.P.2    Woodburn, K.B.3
  • 32
    • 27744591470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volumetrically significant recharge of Pleistocene glacial meltwaters into epicratonic basins: constraints imposed by solute mass balances
    • McIntosh J.C., Walter L.M. Volumetrically significant recharge of Pleistocene glacial meltwaters into epicratonic basins: constraints imposed by solute mass balances. Chemical Geology 2005, 222:292-309.
    • (2005) Chemical Geology , vol.222 , pp. 292-309
    • McIntosh, J.C.1    Walter, L.M.2
  • 33
    • 0036259107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene recharge to midcontinent basins: effects on salinity structure and microbial gas generation
    • McIntosh J.C., Walter L.M., Martini A.M. Pleistocene recharge to midcontinent basins: effects on salinity structure and microbial gas generation. Geochimica Acta 2002, 66:1681-1700.
    • (2002) Geochimica Acta , vol.66 , pp. 1681-1700
    • McIntosh, J.C.1    Walter, L.M.2    Martini, A.M.3
  • 34
    • 0004462866 scopus 로고
    • Chronic toxicity of copper to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Rafinseque)
    • Mount D.I. Chronic toxicity of copper to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas, Rafinseque). Water Research 1968, 2:215-223.
    • (1968) Water Research , vol.2 , pp. 215-223
    • Mount, D.I.1
  • 36
    • 0030798350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical models to predict the toxicity of major ions to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows)
    • Mount D.R., Gulley D.D., Hockett J.R., Garrison T.D., Evans J.M. Statistical models to predict the toxicity of major ions to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Daphnia magna, and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnows). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 1997, 16:2009-2019.
    • (1997) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.16 , pp. 2009-2019
    • Mount, D.R.1    Gulley, D.D.2    Hockett, J.R.3    Garrison, T.D.4    Evans, J.M.5
  • 37
    • 0037211760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of a hybrid reverse osmosis-constructed wetland treatment system for brackish water
    • Murray-Gulde C.L., Heatly J.E., Karanfil T., Rodgers J.H., Myers J.E. Performance of a hybrid reverse osmosis-constructed wetland treatment system for brackish water. Water Research 2003, 37:705-713.
    • (2003) Water Research , vol.37 , pp. 705-713
    • Murray-Gulde, C.L.1    Heatly, J.E.2    Karanfil, T.3    Rodgers, J.H.4    Myers, J.E.5
  • 38
    • 84860415389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), 2000. Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (Formerly: Environmental Effects Database (EEDB)). Environmental Fate and Effects Division, USEPA, Washington, DC.
    • Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), 2000. Pesticide Ecotoxicity Database (Formerly: Environmental Effects Database (EEDB)). Environmental Fate and Effects Division, USEPA, Washington, DC.
  • 39
    • 0027306565 scopus 로고
    • Study of mechanisms for naturally occurring radioactive materials and souring in gas production facilities in the antrium shale of the Michigan Basin. In: Society of Petroleum Engineers. The Paper was Prepared for Presentation at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry in New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1993
    • Ortiz, I., Anthony, R.V., 1993. Study of mechanisms for naturally occurring radioactive materials and souring in gas production facilities in the antrium shale of the Michigan Basin. In: Society of Petroleum Engineers. The Paper was Prepared for Presentation at the SPE International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry in New Orleans, LA, USA, March 2-5, 1993.
    • (1993) , Issue.2-5
    • Ortiz, I.1    Anthony, R.V.2
  • 40
    • 84860394945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pennsylvania Bureau of Oil and Gas Management and Bureau of Radiation Protection (PBOGM), 1992. NORM Survey Summary. (retrieved 15.08.10).
    • Pennsylvania Bureau of Oil and Gas Management and Bureau of Radiation Protection (PBOGM), 1992. NORM Survey Summary. (retrieved 15.08.10). http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/minres/OILGAS/NORM.pdf.
  • 42
    • 80051850515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waters co-produced with coal-bed methane from the Ferron Sandstone in east central Utah: chemical and isotopic composition, volumes, and impacts of disposal
    • Rice C.A. Waters co-produced with coal-bed methane from the Ferron Sandstone in east central Utah: chemical and isotopic composition, volumes, and impacts of disposal. GSA Abstracts with Programs 1999, 31:A385.
    • (1999) GSA Abstracts with Programs , vol.31
    • Rice, C.A.1
  • 43
    • 84860418800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water Co-produced with Coalbed Methane in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Preliminary Compositional Data: US Geological Survey Open-File Report
    • Rice, C.A., Ellis, M.S., Bullock, J.H., Jr., 2000. Water Co-produced with Coalbed Methane in the Powder River Basin, Wyoming: Preliminary Compositional Data: US Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-372.
    • (2000) , pp. 00-372
    • Rice, C.A.1    Ellis, M.S.2    Bullock Jr., J.H.3
  • 44
    • 84860416597 scopus 로고
    • An Assessment of Produced Water Impacts at Two Sites in the Galveston Bay System. Environmental Institute of Houston Annual Report.
    • Roach, R.W., Carr, R.S., Howard, C.L., 1992. An Assessment of Produced Water Impacts at Two Sites in the Galveston Bay System. Environmental Institute of Houston Annual Report.
    • (1992)
    • Roach, R.W.1    Carr, R.S.2    Howard, C.L.3
  • 45
    • 0034496371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic toxicity of nitrate to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Daphnia magna
    • Scott G., Crunkilton R.L. Acute and chronic toxicity of nitrate to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2000, 19:2918-2922.
    • (2000) Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry , vol.19 , pp. 2918-2922
    • Scott, G.1    Crunkilton, R.L.2
  • 46
    • 44149095651 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of produced waters from natural gas production and storage operations: regulatory analysis of a complex matrix
    • Plenum Press, New York, J.P. Ray, F.R. Engelhardt (Eds.)
    • Shepherd M.C., Shore F.L., Mertens S.K., Gibson J.S. Characterization of produced waters from natural gas production and storage operations: regulatory analysis of a complex matrix. Produced Water: Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions 1992, 163-174. Plenum Press, New York. J.P. Ray, F.R. Engelhardt (Eds.).
    • (1992) Produced Water: Technological/Environmental Issues and Solutions , pp. 163-174
    • Shepherd, M.C.1    Shore, F.L.2    Mertens, S.K.3    Gibson, J.S.4
  • 47
    • 0022000889 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the acute toxicity of fluoride ion to stickleback, Fathead Minnow, and Rainbow Trout
    • Smith L.R., Holsen T.M., Ibay N.C., Block R.M., De Leon A.B. Studies on the acute toxicity of fluoride ion to stickleback, Fathead Minnow, and Rainbow Trout. Chemosphere 1985, 14:1383-1389.
    • (1985) Chemosphere , vol.14 , pp. 1383-1389
    • Smith, L.R.1    Holsen, T.M.2    Ibay, N.C.3    Block, R.M.4    De Leon, A.B.5
  • 48
    • 84860415391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Constructed Wetland Treatment Systems for Risk Mitigation of Energy Derived Waters. Masters Thesis Clemson University, South Carolina
    • Spacil, M.M., 2010. Constructed Wetland Treatment Systems for Risk Mitigation of Energy Derived Waters. Masters Thesis Clemson University, South Carolina, 118p.
    • (2010) , pp. 118
    • Spacil, M.M.1
  • 50
    • 84860416600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Fate of Inorganic and Organic Chemicals in Produced Water from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research sites " A" and " B" , Osage County, Oklahoma. US Geol. Surv. Open-File Report, OFR 2007-1055.
    • Thordsen, J.J., Kharaka, Y.K., Kakouros, E., Ambats, G., 2007. The Fate of Inorganic and Organic Chemicals in Produced Water from the Osage-Skiatook Petroleum Environmental Research sites " A" and " B" , Osage County, Oklahoma. US Geol. Surv. Open-File Report, OFR 2007-1055.
    • (2007)
    • Thordsen, J.J.1    Kharaka, Y.K.2    Kakouros, E.3    Ambats, G.4
  • 51
    • 84860418802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USEIA. Petroleum: Fossil Fuel Production. US Energy Information Administration: Independent Statistics and Analysis. United States Department of Energy. (retrieved 09.07.10).
    • USEIA, 2010. Petroleum: Fossil Fuel Production. US Energy Information Administration: Independent Statistics and Analysis. United States Department of Energy. (retrieved 09.07.10). http://www.eia.doe.gov.
    • (2010)
  • 52
    • 84860415393 scopus 로고
    • USEPA. Gold Book: Quality Criteria for Water 1986. EPA 440/5-86-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • USEPA, 1986. Gold Book: Quality Criteria for Water 1986. EPA 440/5-86-001. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (1986)
  • 53
    • 84860415394 scopus 로고
    • USEPA. Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-atomic Emission Spectrometry, Method 2007. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • USEPA, 1994. Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma-atomic Emission Spectrometry, Method 2007. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (1994)
  • 54
    • 84860416604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USEPA. Revision A: n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGTHEM; non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry, Method 1664. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • USEPA, 1999. Revision A: n-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated n-Hexane Extractable Material (SGTHEM; non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry, Method 1664. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (1999)
  • 55
    • 84860394949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USEPA. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project: Profile of the Oil and Gas Extraction Industry. EPA/310-R-99-006. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • USEPA, 2000. EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project: Profile of the Oil and Gas Extraction Industry. EPA/310-R-99-006. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (2000)
  • 56
    • 84860418805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USEPA. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • USEPA, 2007. National Recommended Water Quality Criteria. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (2007)
  • 57
    • 84860416608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USGS. Produced Water database. United States Geological Survey.
    • USGS, 2006. Produced Water database. United States Geological Survey.
    • (2006)
  • 58
    • 84860416602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A White aper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Bed Methane. ANL Report Under DOE (NETL) Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, United States Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory.
    • Veil, A., Puder, M.G., Elcock, D., Redweik, R.J., Jr., 2004. A White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Coal Bed Methane. ANL Report Under DOE (NETL) Contract W-31-109-Eng-38, United States Department of Energy and National Energy Technology Laboratory.
    • (2004)
    • Veil, A.1    Puder, M.G.2    Elcock, D.3    Redweik Jr., R.J.4
  • 59
    • 84860416605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limnology: Lakes and River Ecosystems, third ed. Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
    • Wetzel, R.G., 2001. Limnology: Lakes and River Ecosystems, third ed. Elsevier Science & Technology Books.
    • (2001)
    • Wetzel, R.G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.