The generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the deep basin of the South China Sea

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 41, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 1345-1363

  Li, Qiang ^a,b   Farmer, David M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^b TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY   (China)

Author keywords

Currents; Internal waves; Oceanic; Tides, Topographic effects; Waves

Indexed keywords

BACKGROUND FLOW; DEEP BASIN; HIGH FREQUENCY HF; INTERNAL TIDE GENERATION; INTERNAL TIDES; INTERNAL WAVES; KUROSHIO; NON-LINEARITY; NONLINEAR INTERNAL WAVE; NONLINEAR WAVES; OCEANIC; ROTATION TRANSFORMS; SOUTH CHINA SEA; TIDAL CURRENTS; TWO LAYERS; WAVE GENERATION;

DOPPLER EFFECT; OCEAN CURRENTS; ROTATION; TIME SERIES; WAVES;

TIDES;

DEEP WATER; INTERNAL TIDE; INTERNAL WAVE; NONLINEAR WAVE; STEADY FLOW; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECT; WAVE GENERATION; WAVELENGTH;

LUZON STRAIT; PACIFIC OCEAN; SOUTH CHINA SEA;

EID: 80051825721     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/2011JPO4587.1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Alford, M. H., R.-C. Lien, H. Simmons, J. Klymak, S. Ramp, Y. J. Yang, D. Tang, and M.-H. Chang, 2010: Speed and evolution of nonlinear internal waves transiting the South China Sea. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 40, 1338-1355.
2. Boyd, J. P., 2005: Microbreaking and polycnoidal waves in the Ostrovsky-Hunter equation. Phys. Lett., 338, 36-43.
3. Boyd, J. P.,and G. Chen, 2002: Five regimes of the quasi-cnoidal, steadily translating waves of the rotation-modified Korteweg-de Vries ("Ostrovsky") equation. Wave Motion, 35, 141-155.
4. Buijsman, M. C., Y. Kanarska, and J. C. McWilliams, 2010a: On the generation and evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C02012, doi:10.1029/2009JC005275.
5. Buijsman, M. C., J. C. McWilliams, and C. R. Jackson, 2010b: East-west asymmetry in nonlinear internal waves from Luzon Strait. J. Geophys. Res., 115, C10057, doi:10.1029/2009JC006004.
6. Cai, S., X. Long, and Z. Gan, 2002: A numerical study of the generation and propagation of internal solitary waves in the Luzon Strait. Oceanol. Acta, 25, 51-60.
7. Chao, S., D. Ko, R. Lien, and P. Shaw, 2007: Assessing the west ridge of Luzon Strait as an internal wave mediator. J. Oceanogr., 63, 897-911.
8. Cummins, P. F., L. Armi, and S. Vagle, 2006: Upstream internal hydraulic jumps. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 753-769.
9. Duda, T. F., J. F. Lynch, J. D. Irish, R. C. Beardsley, S. R. Ramp, C. S. Chiu, T. Y. Tang, and Y. J. Yang, 2004: Internal tide and nonlinear wave behavior in the continental slope in the northern South China Sea. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 29, 1105-1130.
10. Ebbesmeyer, C. C., C. A. Coomes, R. C. Hamilton, K. A. Kurrus, T. C. Sullivan, B. L. Salem, R. D. Romea, and R. J. Bauer, 1991: New observations on internal waves (solitons) in the South China Sea using an acoustic doppler current profiler. Proc. Marine Technology Society, New Orleans, LA, Marine Technology Society, 165-175.
11. Egbert,G.D., and S. Y. Erofeeva, 2002: Efficient inverse modeling of barotropic ocean tides. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 19, 183-204.
12. Farmer, D., Q. Li, and J.-H. Park, 2009: Internal wave observations in the South China Sea: The role of rotation and non-linearity. Atmos.-Ocean, 47, 267-280.
13. Fermi, E., J. Pasta, and S. Ulam, 1974: Studies of nonlinear problems, I. Nonlinear Wave Motion, A. C. Newell, Ed., Lectures in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 15, American Mathematics Society, 143-156.
14. Galkin, V. N., and Yu. A. Stepanyants, 1991: On the existence of stationary solitary waves in a rotating fluid. J. Appl. Math. Mech., 55, 939-943.
15. Gerkema, T., 1996: A unified model for the generation and fission of internal tides in a rotating ocean. J. Mar. Res., 54, 421-450.
16. Gilman, O. A., R. Grimshaw, and Yu. A. Stepanyants, 1996: Dynamics of internal solitary waves in a rotating fluid. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 23, 403-411.
17. Gorshkov, K. A., and L. A. Ostrovsky, 1981: Interactions of solitons in nonintegrable system: Direct perturbation method and applications. Physica D, 3, 428-438.
18. Helfrich, K. R., 2007: Decay and return of internal solitary waves with rotation. J. Phys. Fluids., 19, 026601, doi:10.1063/1.2472509.
19. Helfrich, K. R., and R. H. J. Grimshaw, 2008: Nonlinear disintegration of the internal tide. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 686-701.
20. Hibiya, T., 1986: Generation mechanism of internal waves by tidal flow over a sill. J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7697-7708.
21. Hunter, J. K., 1990: Numerical solutions of some nonlinear dispersive wave equations. Computational Solution of Nonlinear Systems of Equations, E. L. Allgower and K. Georg, Eds., Lectures in Applied Mathematics, Vol. 26, 301-316.
22. Jackson, C., 2009: Internal wave detection using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11012, doi:10.1029/2007JC004220.
23. Johnston, T. M. S., and M. A. Merrifield, 2003: Internal tide scattering at seamounts, ridges, and islands. J. Geophys. Res., 108, 3180, doi:10.1029/2002JC001528.
24. Klymak, J. M., R. Pinkel, C.-T. Liu, A. K. Liu, and L. David, 2006: Prototypical solitons in the South China Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L11607, doi:10.1029/2006GL025932.
25. Leonov, A. I., 1981: The effect of Earth rotation on the propagation of weak nonlinear surface and internal long oceanic waves. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 373, 150-159.
26. Li, Q., 2010: Nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea. Ph.D. thesis, University of Rhode Island, 307 pp.
27. Li, Q., D. M. Farmer, T. F. Duda, and S. Ramp, 2009: Acoustical measurement of nonlinear internal waves using the inverted echo sounder. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 26, 2228-2242.
28. Liu, A. K., Y. S. Chang, M. K. Hsu, and N. K. Liang, 1998: Evolution of nonlinear internal waves in the East and South China Seas. J. Geophys. Res., 103 (C4), 7995-8008.
29. National Geophysical Data Center, cited 2006: 2-minute gridded global relief data (ETOPO2v2). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geophysical Data Center. [Available online at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/fliers/06mgg01.html.]
30. Ostrovsky, L. A., 1978: Nonlinear internal waves in a rotating ocean. Oceanology, 18, 119-125.
31. Plougonven, R., and V. Zeitlin, 2003: On periodic inertia-gravity waves of finite amplitude propagating without change of form at sharp density-gradient interfaces in the rotating fluid. Phys. Lett., 314, 140-149.
32. Ramp, S. R., and Coauthors, 2004: Internal solitons in the northeastern South China Sea. Part I: Sources and deep water propagation. IEEE J. Oceanic Eng., 29, 1157-1181.
33. Ramp, S. R.,Y. J. Yang, and F. L. Bahr, 2010: Characterizing the nonlinear internal wave climate in the northeastern South China Sea. Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 17, 481-498, doi:10.5194/npg-17-481-2010.
34. Shaw, P.-T., D. S. Ko, and S.-Y. Chao, 2009: Internal solitary waves induced by flow over a ridge: with applications to the northern South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 114, C02019, doi:10.1029/2008JC005007.
35. Stepanyants, Yu. A., 2006: On stationary solutions of the reduced Ostrovsky equation: Periodic waves, compaction and compound solitons. Chaos Solitons Fractals, 28, 193-204.
36. Turner, J. S., 1973: Buoyancy Effects in Fluid. Cambridge University Press, 373 pp.
37. Vlasenko, V., N. Stashchuk, and K. Hutter, 2005: Baroclinic Tides: Theoretical Modeling and Observational Evidence. Cambridge University Press, 351 pp.
38. Warn-Varnas,A., J.Hawkins, K.G. Lamb, S. Piacsek, S. Chin-Bing, D. King, and G. Burgos, 2010: Solitary wave generation dynamics at Luzon Strait. Ocean Modell., 31, 9-27, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.08.002.
39. Zhang, Z., O. B. Fringer, and S. R. Ramp, 2011: Three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic numerical simulation of nonlinear internal wave generation and propagation in the SouthChina Sea. J.Geophys. Res., 116, C05022, doi:10.1029/2010JC006424.
40. Zhao, Z., and M. H. Alford, 2006: Source and propagation of internal solitary waves in the northeastern South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 111, C11012, doi:10.1029/2006JC003644.
41. Zheng, Q., R. D. Susanto, C.-R. Ho, Y. T. Song, and Q. Xu, 2007: Statistical and dynamical analyses of generation mechanisms of solitary internal waves in the northern South China Sea. J. Geophys. Res., 112, C03021, doi:10.1029/ 2006JC003551.