Mythology of the Antiquities market

Cultural Heritage Issues: The Legacy of Conquest, Colonization, and Commerce

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 239-255

  Elia, Ricardo J ^a  

^a USA   (United States)

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 80051799567     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1163/ej.9789004160361.i-466     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. Metropolitan Museum of Art, Statement by the Metropolitan Museum of Art on Its Agreement with Italian Ministry of Culture, (Feb. 21, 2006), http://www.metmuseum.org/Press_Room/full_release.asp?prid=%7BF9704AC3-297B-4704-999B-111ACC8E6804%7D.
2. For the story of the Euphronios krater, see T. Hoving, Making the Mummies Dance. Inside the Metropolitan Museum of Art 307-40 (1993).
3. Agreement between the Italian Ministry of Culture and the Metropolitan Museum of Art (February 21, 1996), available at http://www.elginism.com/20060224/339/http://www.elginism.com/20060224/339/.
4. D. Solomon, Stolen Art? Interview with Philippe de Montebello, N.Y. Times, Feb. 19, 2006,available at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/19wwln_q4.html?_r=1&oref= slogin.
5. L.M. Kaye & C.T. Main, The Saga of the Lydian Hoard: From Usak to New York and Back Again, in Antiquities Trade or Betrayed: Legal, Ethical & Conservation Issues 150 (Kathryn W. Tubb ed., 1995).
6. C. Vogel, Metropolitan Museum to Return Turkish Art, N.Y. Times, Sept. 23, 1993, available at http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5D91431F930A1575AC0A965958260.
7. Laconian kylix, 1999.527 and red-figured psykter, 1996.250
8. see Metropolitan Museum of Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property (Nov. 14, 1970), available at http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13039&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
9. see also P.J. O'Keefe, Commentary on the UNES CO 1970 Convention on Illicit Traffic (2000).
10. See, e.g., C. Chippindale & D.W.J. Gill, Material Consequences of Contemporary Classical Collecting, 104 Am. J. Archaeology 463-511 (2000)
11. Stealing History: The Illicit Trade in Cultural Material (N. Brodie, J. Doole & P. Watson eds., 2000)
12. R. Atwood, Stealing History: Tomb Raiders, Smugglers, and the Looting of the Ancient World (2004)
13. P. Watson & C. Todeschini, The Medici Conspiracy: The Illicit Journey of Looted Antiquities from Italy's Tomb Raiders to the World's Greatest Museums(2006)
14. N. Brodie, M.M. Kersel, C. Luke & K.W. Tubb eds., Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, and the Antiquities Trade (2006).
15. For a useful listing of relevant sources, see the online "Looting Question" bibliography, in H. Jarvis, The "Looting Question" Bibliography: Web and Literary Resources on the Archaeological Politics of Private Collecting, Commercial Treasure Hunting, Looting, and "Professional" Archaeology (2008), http://wings.buffalo.edu/anthropology/Documents/lootbib.shtml.
16. C.C. Coggins, United States Cultural Property Legislation: Observations of a Combatant, 7 Int'l J. Cultural Prop. 52, 57 (1998).
17. W.D. Lipe, Value and Meaning in Cultural Resources, in Approaches to the Archaeological Heritage: A Comparative Study of World Cultural Resource Management Systems (H. Cleere ed., 1984). In addition to the values identified by Lipe, we might add a value related to the enhancement of social status or prestige through the collection of antiquities.
18. R.J. Elia, Comment on "Irreconcilable Differences?": Scholars for Sale, 18 Papers from the Inst. of Archaeology 16-18, 16 (2007).
19. W.G. Doty, Mythography: The Study of Myths and Rituals 125-56 (2d ed. 2000).
20. B. Malinowski, Magic, Science and Religion and Other Essays 101 (1954, rep. ed. 1954).
21. H. Hoffman, Collecting Greek Antiquities 228 (1971).
22. J. Ede, Ethics, the Antiquities Trade, and Archaeology, 7 Int'l J. Cultural Prop. 128, 129 (1998).
23. R.J. Elia, Analysis of the Looting, Selling, and Collecting of Apulian Red-figure Vases: A Quantitative Approach, in Trade in Illicit Antiquities: The Destruction of the World's Archaeological Heritage 150 ( N. Brodie, J. Doole & C. Renfrew eds., 2001).
24. K. Meyer, The Plundered Past: The Traffic in Art Treasures 15, 40, 90 (1973).
25. M. True, The Getty Kouros: Background on the Problem, in The Getty Kouros Colloquium 13 (1993).
26. T. Hoving, Should You or Shouldn't You?, Connoisseur 119 (Jan. 1990).
27. J.P. Getty, The Joys of Collecting 21 (1965).
28. Several examples appear in S.R.M. Mackenzie, Going, Going, Gone: Regulating the Market in Illicit Antiquities 163-69 (2005).
29. A. Emmerich, Comments, Proceedings of the Panel on the U.S. Enabling Legislation of the UNESCO Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export, and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property, 4 Syracuse J. Int'l L. & Com. 106, 109 (1976).
30. G.G. Griffin, Collecting Pre-Columbian Art, in The Ethics of Collecting Cultural Property: Whose Culture? Whose Property? 109 (P. Mauch Messenger ed., 1989).
31. J. Boardman, Archaeologists, Collectors, and Museums, in Who Owns Objects? The Ethics and Politics of Collecting Cultural Objects 37 (E. Robson, L. Treadwell, & C. Gosden eds., 2006).
32. O. White Muscarella, Unexcavated Objects and Ancient Near Eastern Art, in Mountains and Lowlands 160 (L.D. Levine & T.C. Young, Jr. eds., 1977).
33. B. Burnham, The Art Crisis 93 (1975).
34. R.J. Elia, The World Cannot Afford Many More Collectors With a Passion for Antiquities, 41 The Art Newspaper 19 (Oct. 1994).
35. S. White & L. Levy, Introduction, in Glories of the Past: Ancient Art from the Shelby White and Leon Levy Collection x (Dietrich von Bothmer ed., 1990).
36. S. White, S, A Collector's Odyssey, 7 Int'l J. Cultural Prop. 170, 170 (1998).
37. H. Krosney, The Lost Gospel: The Quest for the Gospel of Judas Iscariot (2006).
38. R. Kasser, The Gospel of Judas Together with the Letter of Philip, James, and a Book of Allogenes from Codex Tchacos 15 (Critical Edition 2007).
39. R. Berman, Met Chief Defends Museums' Pursuit of Antiquities, N.Y. Sun, Apr. 18, 2006, available at http://www.nysun.com/article/31135.
40. Randy Kennedy & Hugh Eakin, Met Chief, Unbowed, Defends Met's Role, N.Y. Times, Feb. 28, 2006, available at http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/28/arts/28mont.html?_r=2.
41. J.M. Eisenberg, Ethics and the Antiquity Trade. in Antiquities Trade or Betrayed: Legal, Ethical and Conservation Issues 220 (K.W. Tubb ed., 1995).
42. R. Mead, Den of Antiquity: The Met and the Antiquities Market, New Yorker, April 9, 2007, at 55, 61.
43. The figure is based on my tabulation of data from C.A. Picón, J.R. Mertens, E.J. Milleker, C.S. Lightfoot & S. Hemingway, Art of the Classical World in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Greece. Cyprus. Etruria. Rome (2007).
44. C. Ede, Collecting Antiquities: An Introductory Guide xiv (1976).
45. G. Norman, Bad Laws Are Made to Be Broken, in Antiquities Trade or Betrayed: Legal, Ethical & Conservation Issues 143 (K.W. Tubb ed., 1995).
46. F.P. McManamon & S.D. Morton, Reducing the Illegal Trafficking in Antiquities, in Cultural Resource Management in Contemporary Society: Perspectives on Managing and Presenting the Past 259-63 (F.P. McManamon & A. Hatton eds., 2000).
47. O. Blum, The Illicit Antiquities Trade: An Analysis of Current Antiquities Looting in Israel, 11Culture Without Context (2002), http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/projects/iarc/cultturewithoutcontext/issue11/blum.htm.
48. J. Hankey, A Passion for Egypt: A Biography of Arthur Weigall 45-46, 62-63, 75-79 (2001)
49. A. Khater, Le Régime Juridique des Fouilles et des Antiquités en Égypte 165-71, 242-47 (1960).