Culture and the health benefits of expressive writing

Social Psychological and Personality Science

Volumn 2, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 408-415

  Knowles, Eric D ^a   Wearing, Jessica R ^a   Campos, Belinda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Culture; Culture and cognition; Ethnicity; Health; Identity; Stress and coping

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051774503     PISSN: 19485506     EISSN: 19485514     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1948550610395780     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
2. Angel, R. J., & Thoits, P. (1987). The impact of culture on the cognitive structure of illness. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry, 11, 465-494. doi:10.1007/bf00048494.
3. Fiske, A. P., Kitayama, S., Markus, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The cultural matrix of social psychology. In D. T. Gilbert, S. T. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The handbook of social psychology (4th ed., pp. 915-981). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
4. Frattaroli, J. (2006). Experimental disclosure and its moderators: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 823-865.
5. Frisina, P. G., Borod, J. C., & Lepore, S. J. (2004). A meta-analysis of the effects of written emotional disclosure on the health outcomes of clinical populations. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 192, 629-634. doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000138317. 30764.63.
6. Gardner, W., Mulvey, E. P., & Shaw, E. C. (1995). Regression analyses of counts and rates: Poisson, overdispersed Poisson, and negative binomial models. Psychological Bulletin, 118, 392-404. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.392.
7. Gudykunst, W. B., Ting-Toomey, S., & Chua, E. (1988). Culture and interpersonal communication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
8. Kim, H. S. (2002). We talk, therefore we think? A cultural analysis of the effect of talking on thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83, 828-842.
9. Kim, H. S. (2008). Culture and the cognitive and neuroendocrine responses to speech. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 32-47.
10. Kim, H. S., & Sherman, D. K. (2007). "Express yourself": Culture and the effect of self-expression on choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1-11. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.1.1.
11. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., Ko, D., & Taylor, S. E. (2006). Pursuit of comfort and pursuit of harmony: Culture, relationships, and social support seeking. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 1595-1607.
12. Kim, H. S., Sherman, D. K., & Taylor, S. E. (2008). Culture and social support. American Psychologist, 63, 518-526.
13. Klein, K., & Boals, A. (2010). Coherence and narrative structure in personal accounts of stressful experiences. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 256-280. doi:10.1521/jscp.2010.29.3.256.
14. Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.
15. Miller, G., Chen, E., & Cole, S. W. (2009). Health psychology: Developing biologically plausible models linking the social world and physical health. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 501-524. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163551.
16. Nisbett, R. E. (2003). The geography of thought: How Asians and Westerners think differently and why. New York, NY: Free Press.
17. Park, C. L., & Blumberg, C. J. (2002). Disclosing trauma through writing: Testing the meaning-making hypothesis. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 597-616. doi:10.1023/a:1020353109229.
18. Peng, K., Ames, D. R., & Knowles, E. D. (2001). Culture and human inference: Perspectives from three traditions. In D. Matsumoto (Ed.), Handbook of culture and psychology (pp. 245-264). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
19. Pennebaker, J. W. (1993). Putting stress into words: Health, linguistic, and therapeutic implications. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 31, 539-548. doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90105-4.
20. Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., & Francis, M. E. (2007). Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (Version 2007) [Computer software]. Austin, TX: LIWC.net.
21. Pennebaker, J. W., & Chung, C. K. (2007). Expressive writing, emotional upheavals, and health. In H. S. Friedman & R. C. Silver (Eds.), Foundations of health psychology (pp. 263-284). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
22. Pennebaker, J. W., & Keough, K. A. (1999). Revealing, organizing, and reorganizing the self in response to stress and emotion. In R. J. Contrada & R. D. Ashmore (Eds.), Self, social identity, and physical health: Interdisciplinary explorations (Vol. 2, pp. 101-121). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
23. Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., Cheong, Y. F., & Congdon, R. (2004). Hierarchical Linear and Nonlinear Modeling (Version 6.01a) [Computer software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International.
24. Rivkin, I. D., Gustafson, J., Weingarten, I., & Chin, D. (2006). The effects of expressive writing on adjustment to HIV. AIDS and Behavior, 10, 13-26. doi:10.1007/s10461-005-9051-9.
25. Shrout, P. E., & Bolger, N. (2002). Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: New procedures and recommendations. Psychological Methods,7, 422-445. doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.4.422.
26. Smyth, J. M. (1998). Written emotional expression: Effect sizes, outcome types, and moderating variables. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 174-184. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.174.
27. StataCorp. (2007). Stata Statistical Software: Release 10. College Station, TX: Author.
28. Suinn, R. M., Rickard-Figueroa, K., Lew, S., & Vigil, P. (1987). The Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identity Acculturation Scale: An initial report. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 47, 401-407. doi:10.1177/0013164487472012.
29. Taylor, S. E., Sherman, D. K., Kim, H. S., Jarcho, J., Takagi, K., & Dunagan, M. S. (2004). Culture and social support: Who seeks it and why? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 354-362.
30. Warner, L. J., Lumley, M. A., Casey, R. J., Pierantoni, W., Salazar, R., Zoratti, E. M., & Simon, M. R. (2006). Health effects of written emotional disclosure in adolescents with asthma: A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 31, 557-568. doi:10.1093/jpepsy/jsj048.
31. Watson, D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (1989). Health complaints, stress, and distress: Exploring the central role of negative affectivity. Psychological Review, 96, 234-254. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.2.234.
32. Wolfe, J. W., Kimerling, R., Brown, P. J., Chrestman, K. R., & Levin, K. (1996). Psychometric review of the Life Stressors Checklist-Revised. In B. Stamm (Ed.), Measurement of stress, trauma, and adaptation (pp. 198-201). Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
33. Yzerbyt, V. Y., Muller, D., & Judd, C. M. (2004). Adjusting researchers' approach to adjustment: On the use of covariates when testing interactions. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 424-431. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2003.10.001.
34. Zola, I. K. (1966). Culture and symptoms: An analysis of patients' presenting complaints. American Sociological Review, 31, 615-630. doi:10.2307/2091854.