Saliva urea dipstick test: Application in chronic kidney disease

Clinical Nephrology

Volumn 76, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 23-28

  Raimann, J G ^a,b,c   Kirisits, W ^c   Gebetsroither, E ^c   Carter, M ^a   Callegari, J ^b   Rosales, L ^c   Levin, N W ^a   Kotanko, P ^a,b,c  

^a RENAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^b BETH ISRAEL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c KRANKENHAUS DER BARMHERZIGEN BRÜDER   (Austria)

Author keywords

Blood urea nitrogen; Chronic kidney disease; Saliva urea nitrogen; Salivary dipstick

Indexed keywords

UREA;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE SEVERITY; FEMALE; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; REPRODUCIBILITY; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SALIVA UREA NITROGEN DIPSTICK; CHEMISTRY; CHRONIC DISEASE; KIDNEY DISEASE; METABOLISM; MIDDLE AGED; OBSERVER VARIATION; RECEIVER OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC; SALIVA; TEST STRIP; UREA NITROGEN BLOOD LEVEL;

BLOOD UREA NITROGEN; CHRONIC DISEASE; FEMALE; HUMANS; KIDNEY DISEASES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBSERVER VARIATION; REAGENT STRIPS; ROC CURVE; SALIVA; UREA;

EID: 80051732244     PISSN: 03010430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5414/CN106826     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Farkas A, Vamos R, Bajor T, Mullner N, Lazar A, Hraba A. Utilization of lacrimal urea assay in the monitoring of hemodialysis: conditions, limitations and lacrimal arginase characterization. Exp Eye Res. 2003; 76: 183-192.
2. Hench PS, Aldrich M. The concentration of urea in saliva. J Am Med Assoc. 1922; 78: 1409-1412.
3. Kang J, Fulop G, Friedman AH. Tear urea nitrogen and creatinine levels in renal patients. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1988; 66: 407-412.
4. Lobitz WC Jr, Mason HL. Chemtstry of palmar sweat; discussion of studies on chloride, urea, glucose, uric acid, ammonia nitrogen and creatinine. Arch Derm Syphilol. 1948; 57: 907-915.
5. Schmitz HW. Comparative concentration of urea in the blood and saliva in a series of pathological cases. J Lab Clin Med. 1922; 8: 78-82.
6. Wright S. Case of ascites, in which, during a spontaneous ptyalism that occured after tapping, urea was detected in the saliva. Lancet. 1842; 37: 753-758.
7. Akai T, Naka K, Yoshikawa C, Okuda K, Okamoto T, Yamagami S, Inoue T, Yamao Y, Yamada S. Salivary urea nitrogen as an index to renal function: a test-strip method. Clin Chem. 1983; 29: 1825-1827.
8. Cardoso EM, Arregger AL, Tumilasci OR, Elbert A, Contreras LN. Assessment of salivary urea as a less invasive alternative to serum determinations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2009; 69: 330-334.
9. Hench PS, Aldrich M. A salivary index to renal function. J Am Med Assoc. 1923; 81: 1997-2003.
10. Sein KT, Arumainayagam G. Correlation between serum urea and salivary urea. Clin Chem. 1987;33: 2303-2304.
11. Forland M, Shannon IL, Katz FH. Parotid-fluid urea nitrogen for the monitoring of hemodialysis. N Engl J Med. 1964; 271: 37-38.
12. Shannon IL, Feller RP, Eknoyan G, Suddick RP. Human parotid saliva urea in renal failure and during dialysis. Arch Oral Biol. 1977; 22: 83-86.
13. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130: 461-470.
14. Tietz NW, Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE. Textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics. 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders;2006.
15. Robertson EA, Zweig MH.Use of receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the clinical performance of analytical systems. Clin Chem. 1981; 27: 1569-1574.
16. Tripepi G, Jager KJ, Dekker FW, Zoccali C. Diagnostic methods 2: receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Kidney Int. 2009; 76: 252-256.
17. Youden WJ. Index for rating diagnostic tests. Cancer. 1950; 3: 32-35.
18. van Stralen KJ, Stel VS, Reitsma JB, Dekker FW, Zoccali C, Jager KJ.Diagnostic methods I: sensitivity, specificity, and other measures of accuracy. Kidney Int. 2009; 75: 1257-1263.
19. Geigy JR, Lentner C, Diem K. Scientific tables. 7th (enl.) ed. Basel: J. R. Geigy; 1970.