Chemical characterization and redox potential of coarse and fine particulate matter (PM) in underground and ground-level rail systems of the Los Angeles metro

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 45, Issue 16, 2011, Pages 6769-6776

  Kam, Winnie ^a   Ning, Zhi ^a   Shafer, Martin M ^b   Schauer, James J ^b   Sioutas, Constantinos ^a  

^a University of Southern California   (United States)

^b University of Wisconsin Madison   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMBIENT AIR; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; BIVARIATE ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CRUSTAL ENRICHMENT; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; GOLD LINES; GRAVIMETRIC MASS; GROUND-LEVEL; INORGANIC IONS; LOS ANGELES; MASS BALANCE; MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; PREDICTOR VARIABLES; PRIMARY SOURCES; RAIL SYSTEMS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; RED LINE; REDOX POTENTIALS; TWO-LINE; UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA;

CADMIUM; CARBON INORGANIC COMPOUNDS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS; CHROMIUM; EUROPIUM; GOLD; LINEAR REGRESSION; MANGANESE; MOLYBDENUM; PARTICLES (PARTICULATE MATTER); RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION; REDOX REACTIONS; SUBWAYS;

ORGANIC CARBON;

ALUMINUM; BARIUM; CADMIUM; CALCIUM; CHROMIUM; COBALT; COPPER; EUROPIUM; ION; IRON; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; MOLYBDENUM; NICKEL; ORGANIC CARBON; ORGANIC COMPOUND; POTASSIUM; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; THALLIUM; ZINC;

ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION; HEAVY METAL; ION; IRON; MASS BALANCE; MEASUREMENT METHOD; NUMERICAL MODEL; OXYGEN; PARTICULATE MATTER; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; REDOX POTENTIAL; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; SOLUBILIZATION;

AIR; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENT; GRAVIMETRY; OXIDATION REDUCTION POTENTIAL; PARTICULATE MATTER; RAILWAY; UNITED STATES;

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; GEOGRAPHY; INORGANIC CHEMICALS; IONS; LOS ANGELES; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; ORGANIC CHEMICALS; OXIDATION-REDUCTION; PARTICULATE MATTER; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; SOLUBILITY; TRANSPORTATION; UNIVERSITIES; WATER;

CALIFORNIA; LOS ANGELES [CALIFORNIA]; UNITED STATES;

EID: 80051715873     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: 15205851     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/es201195e     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Furuya, K.; Kudo, Y.; Okinaga, K.; Yamuki, M.; Takahashi, S.; Araki, Y.; Hisamatsu, Y. Seasonal variation and their characterization of suspended particulate matter in the air of subway stations J. Trace Microprobe Tech. 2001, 19 (4) 469-485 (Pubitemid 33769515)
2. Salma, I.; Weidinger, T.; Maenhaut, W. Time-resolved mass concentration, composition and sources of aerosol particles in a metropolitan underground railway station Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41 (37) 8391-8405 (Pubitemid 350101312)
3. Aarnio, P.; Yli-Tuomi, T.; Kousa, A.; Makela, T.; Hirsikko, A.; Hameri, K.; Raisanen, M.; Hillamo, R.; Koskentalo, T.; Jantunen, M. The concentrations and composition of and exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) in the Helsinki subway system Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39 (28) 5059-5066
4. Seaton, A.; Cherrie, J.; Dennekamp, M.; Donaldson, K.; Hurley, J. F.; Tran, C. L. The London Underground: dust and hazards to health Occup. Environ. Med. 2005, 62 (6) 355-362 (Pubitemid 40769189)
5. Chillrud, S. N.; Epstein, D.; Ross, J. M.; Sax, S. N.; Pederson, D.; Spengler, J. D.; Kinney, P. L. Elevated airborne exposures of teenagers to manganese, chromium, and iron from steel dust and New York City's subway system Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004, 38 (3) 732-737 (Pubitemid 38168738)
6. Chan, L. Y.; Lau, W. L.; Lee, S. C.; Chan, C. Y. Commuter exposure to particulate matter in public transportation modes in Hong Kong Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36 (21) 3363-3373 (Pubitemid 34828177)
7. Chan, L. Y.; Lau, W. L.; Zou, S. C.; Cao, Z. X.; Lai, S. C. Exposure level of carbon monoxide and respirable suspended particulate in public transportation modes while commuting in urban, area of Guangzhou, China Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36 (38) 5831-5840 (Pubitemid 35300423)
8. Karlsson, H. L.; Nilsson, L.; Moller, L. Subway particles are more genotoxic than street particles and induce oxidative stress in cultured human lung cells Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2005, 18 (1) 19-23 (Pubitemid 40111087)
9. Tao, F.; Gonzalez-Flecha, B.; Kobzik, L. Reactive oxygen species in pulmonary inflammation by ambient particulates Free Radical Biol. Med. 2003, 35 (4) 327-340 (Pubitemid 37289164)
10. Verma, V.; Shafer, M. M.; Schauer, J. J.; Sioutas, C. Contribution of transition metals in the reactive oxygen species activity of PM emissions from retrofitted heavy-duty vehicles Atmos. Environ. 2010, 44 (39) 5165-5173
11. Cho, A. K.; Sioutas, C.; Miguel, A. H.; Kumagai, Y.; Schmitz, D. A.; Singh, M.; Eiguren-Fernandez, A.; Froines, J. R. Redox activity of airborne particulate matter at different sites in the Los Angeles Basin Environ. Res. 2005, 99 (1) 40-47
12. Hu, S.; Polidori, A.; Arhami, M.; Shafer, M. M.; Schauer, J. J.; Cho, A.; Sioutas, C. Redox activity and chemical speciation of size fractioned PM in the communities of the Los Angeles-Long Beach harbor Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8 (21) 6439-6451
13. Cheung, K.; Daher, N.; Kam, W.; Shafer, M. M.; Ning, Z.; Schauer, J. J.; Sioutas, C. Spatial and temporal variation of chemical composition and mass closure of ambient coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5) in the Los Angeles area Atmos. Environ. 2011, 45 (16) 2651-2662
14. Kam, W.; Cheung, K.; Daher, N.; Sioutas, C. Particulate matter (PM) concentrations in underground and ground-level rail systems of the Los Angeles Metro Atmos. Environ. 2011, 45 (8) 1506-1516
15. Pakbin, P.; Hudda, N.; Cheung, K. L.; Moore, K. F.; Sioutas, C. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Coarse (PM10-2.5) Particulate Matter Concentrations in the Los Angeles Area Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2010, 44 (7) 514-525
16. Zhang, Y. X.; Schauer, J. J.; Shafer, M. M.; Hannigan, M. P.; Dutton, S. J. Source apportionment of in vitro reactive oxygen species bioassay activity from atmospheric particulate matter Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (19) 7502-7509
17. Kerr, S. C.; Schauer, J. J.; Rodger, B. Regional haze in Wisconsin: sources and the spatial distribution J. Environ. Eng. Sci. 2004, 3 (3) 213-222
18. Landreman, A. P.; Shafer, M. M.; Hemming, J. C.; Hannigan, M. P.; Schauer, J. J. A macrophage-based method for the assessment of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) and application to routine (daily-24 h) aerosol monitoring studies Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (11) 946-957
19. Birch, M. E.; Cary, R. A. Elemental carbon-based method for monitoring occupational exposures to particulate diesel exhaust Aerosol Sci. Technol. 1996, 25 (3) 221-241 (Pubitemid 26327546)
20. Schauer, J. J.; Kleeman, M. J.; Cass, G. R.; Simoneit, B. R. T. Measurement of emissions from air pollution sources. 1. C-1 through C-29 organic compounds from meat charbroiling Environ. Sci. Technol. 1999, 33 (10) 1566-1577 (Pubitemid 29232887)
21. Turpin, B. J.; Lim, H. J. Species contributions to PM2.5 mass concentrations: Revisiting common assumptions for estimating organic mass Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, 35 (1) 602-610 (Pubitemid 32606003)
22. Hueglin, C.; Gehrig, R.; Baltensperger, U.; Gysel, M.; Monn, C.; Vonmont, H. Chemical characterisation of PM2.5, PM10 and coarse particles at urban, near-city and rural sites in Switzerland Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39 (4) 637-651
23. Ning, Z.; Geller, M. D.; Moore, K. F.; Sheesley, R.; Schauer, J. J.; Sioutas, C. Daily variation in chemical characteristics of urban ultrafine aerosols and inference of their sources Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007, 41 (17) 6000-6006 (Pubitemid 47394973)
24. Murruni, L. G.; Solanes, V.; Debray, M.; Kreiner, A. J.; Davidson, J.; Davidson, M.; Vazquez, M.; Ozafran, M. Concentrations and elemental composition of particulate matter in the Buenos Aires underground system Atmos. Environ. 2009, 43 (30) 4577-4583
25. Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J.; Gomez-Perales, J. E.; Colvile, R. N. Levels of particulate air pollution, its elemental composition, determinants and health effects in metro systems Atmos. Environ. 2007, 41 (37) 7995-8006 (Pubitemid 350101336)
26. Kang, S.; Hwang, H.; Park, Y.; Kim, H.; Ro, C. U. Chemical Compositions of Subway Particles in Seoul, Korea Determined by a Quantitative Single Particle Analysis Environ. Sci. Technol. 2008, 42 (24) 9051-9057
27. Marder, A. R. The metallurgy of zinc-coated steel Prog. Mater Sci. 2000, 45 (3) 191-271
28. Taylor, S. R.; McLennan, S. M. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution; Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford, Boston, Palo Alto, Victoria, 1985.
29. Singh, M.; Jaques, P. A.; Sioutas, C. Size distribution and diurnal characteristics of particle-bound metals in source and receptor sites of the Los Angeles Basin Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36 (10) 1675-1689 (Pubitemid 34275393)