메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 408-416

Equipoise should be amended, not abandoned

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DACARBAZINE; PLACEBO; VEMURAFENIB;

EID: 80051677372     PISSN: 17407745     EISSN: 17407753     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1740774511409600     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (38)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0015187542 scopus 로고
    • Operable cancer of the breast: A controlled clinical trial
    • Bruce J. Operable cancer of the breast: a controlled clinical trial. Cancer. 1971 ; 28: 1443-52
    • (1971) Cancer , vol.28 , pp. 1443-52
    • Bruce, J.1
  • 2
    • 0014957018 scopus 로고
    • Ethics in cooperative clinical trials
    • Shaw LW, Chalmers TC. Ethics in cooperative clinical trials. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1970 ; 169: 487-95
    • (1970) Ann N y Acad Sci , vol.169 , pp. 487-95
    • Shaw, L.W.1    Chalmers, T.C.2
  • 4
    • 0023185342 scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research
    • Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1987 ; 317: 141-45 (Pubitemid 17092151)
    • (1987) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.317 , Issue.3 , pp. 141-145
    • Freedman, B.1
  • 5
    • 0029283812 scopus 로고
    • Community-equipoise and the ethics of randomized clinical trials
    • Gifford F. Community-equipoise and the ethics of randomized clinical trials. Bioethics. 1995 ; 9: 127-48
    • (1995) Bioethics , vol.9 , pp. 127-48
    • Gifford, F.1
  • 6
    • 38049177751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resituating the principle of equipoise: Justice and access to care in non-ideal conditions
    • Kukla R. Resituating the principle of equipoise: justice and access to care in non-ideal conditions. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2007 ; 17: 171-202
    • (2007) Kennedy Inst Ethics J , vol.17 , pp. 171-202
    • Kukla, R.1
  • 8
    • 0028792136 scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and the ethics of randomization
    • Lilford RJ, Jackson J. Equipoise and the ethics of randomization. J R Soc Med. 1995 ; 88: 552-59
    • (1995) J R Soc Med , vol.88 , pp. 552-59
    • Lilford, R.J.1    Jackson, J.2
  • 9
    • 0032840634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipoise, knowledge and ethics in clinical research and practice
    • Ashcroft R. Equipoise, knowledge and ethics in clinical research and practice. Bioethics. 1999 ; 13: 314-26 (Pubitemid 29364902)
    • (1999) Bioethics , vol.13 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 314-326
    • Ashcroft, R.1
  • 10
    • 0034601804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipoise, a term whose time (if it ever came) has surely gone
    • Sackett DL. Equipoise, a term whose time (if it ever came) has surely gone. Can Med Assoc J. 2000 ; 163: 835-36
    • (2000) Can Med Assoc J , vol.163 , pp. 835-36
    • Sackett, D.L.1
  • 13
    • 34247137485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and the duty of care in clinical research: A philosophical response to our critics
    • DOI 10.1080/03605310701255735, PII 777158564
    • Miller PB, Weijer C. Equipoise and the duty of care in clinical research: a philosophical response to our critics. J Med Philos. 2007 ; 32: 117-33 (Pubitemid 46598158)
    • (2007) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-133
    • Miller, P.B.1    Weijer, C.2
  • 14
    • 38049162233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting equipoise: A response to Gifford
    • Miller PB, Weijer C. Revisiting equipoise: a response to Gifford. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2007 ; 17: 227-46
    • (2007) Kennedy Inst Ethics J , vol.17 , pp. 227-46
    • Miller, P.B.1    Weijer, C.2
  • 15
    • 0036510817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What makes placebo-controlled trials unethical
    • Miller FG, Brody H. What makes placebo-controlled trials unethical. Am J Bioeth. 2002 ; 2: 3-9
    • (2002) Am J Bioeth , vol.2 , pp. 3-9
    • Miller, F.G.1    Brody, H.2
  • 16
    • 0141797654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critique of clinical equipoise: Therapeutic misconception in the ethics of clinical trials
    • Miller FG, Brody H. A critique of clinical equipoise: therapeutic misconception in the ethics of clinical trials. Hastings Cent Rep. 2003 ; 33: 19-28
    • (2003) Hastings Cent Rep , vol.33 , pp. 19-28
    • Miller, F.G.1    Brody, H.2
  • 17
    • 0842264331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Clinician-Investigator: Unavoidable but Manageable Tension
    • Brody H, Miller FG. The clinical investigator: unavoidable but manageable tension. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2003 ; 13: 329-46 (Pubitemid 38178106)
    • (2003) Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 329-346
    • Brody, H.1    Miller, F.G.2
  • 18
    • 34247116022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical equipoise and the incoherence of research ethics
    • DOI 10.1080/03605310701255750, PII 777158978
    • Miller FG, Brody H. Clinical equipoise and the incoherence of research ethics. J Med Philos. 2007 ; 32: 151-65 (Pubitemid 46598162)
    • (2007) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-165
    • Miller, F.G.1    Brody, H.2
  • 19
    • 79551529835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and the dilemma of randomized clinical trials
    • Miller FG, Joffe S. Equipoise and the dilemma of randomized clinical trials. N Engl J Med. 2011 ; 364: 476-80
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 476-80
    • Miller, F.G.1    Joffe, S.2
  • 20
    • 38049126058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulling the plug on clinical equipoise: A critique of Miller and Weijer
    • Gifford F. Pulling the plug on clinical equipoise: a critique of Miller and Weijer. Kennedy Inst Ethics J. 2007 ; 17: 203-26
    • (2007) Kennedy Inst Ethics J , vol.17 , pp. 203-26
    • Gifford, F.1
  • 21
    • 34247159822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steinbock B, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press;
    • London AJ The Oxford handbook of bioethics. Steinbock B, ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press ; 2007a: 571-96.
    • (2007) The Oxford Handbook of Bioethics , pp. 571-96
    • London, A.J.1
  • 22
    • 33746831522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The real problem with equipoise
    • DOI 10.1080/15265160600755565, PII L0X7505434852421
    • Chiong W. The real problem with equipoise. Am J Bioeth. 2006 ; 6: 37-47 (Pubitemid 44181297)
    • (2006) American Journal of Bioethics , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 37-47
    • Chiong, W.1
  • 23
    • 56749150323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The myth of equipoise in phase i clinical trials
    • Shamoo AE. The myth of equipoise in phase I clinical trials. Medscape J Med. 2008 ; 10: 254-254
    • (2008) Medscape J Med , vol.10 , pp. 254-254
    • Shamoo, A.E.1
  • 24
    • 0020808005 scopus 로고
    • Leaving therapy to chance
    • Marquis D. Leaving therapy to chance. Hastings Cent Rep. 1983 ; 13: 40-47
    • (1983) Hastings Cent Rep , vol.13 , pp. 40-47
    • Marquis, D.1
  • 25
    • 34247101847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Two dogmas of research ethics and the integrative approach to human-subjects research
    • DOI 10.1080/03605310701255727, PII 777159026
    • London AJ. Two dogmas of research ethics and the integrative approach to human-subjects research. J Med Philos. 2007b ; 32: 99-116 (Pubitemid 46598163)
    • (2007) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 99-116
    • London, A.J.1
  • 26
    • 0033780817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Freedman's clinical equipoise and sliding-scale all-dimensions-considered equipoise
    • Gifford F. Freedman's clinical equipoise and sliding-scale all-dimensions-considered equipoise. J Med Philos. 2000 ; 25: 399-426
    • (2000) J Med Philos , vol.25 , pp. 399-426
    • Gifford, F.1
  • 27
    • 34247102758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • So-called "clinical equipoise" and the argument from design
    • DOI 10.1080/03605310701255743, PII 777158743
    • Gifford F. So-called clinical equipoise and the argument from design. J Med Philos. 2007 ; 32: 135-50 (Pubitemid 46598159)
    • (2007) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-150
    • Gifford, F.1
  • 28
    • 0141797660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic obligation in clinical research
    • Weijer C, Miller PB. Therapeutic obligation in clinical research. Hastings Cent Rep. 2003 ; 33: 3-3
    • (2003) Hastings Cent Rep , vol.33 , pp. 3-3
    • Weijer, C.1    Miller, P.B.2
  • 29
    • 33745309306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiduciary obligation in clinical research
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2006.00049.x
    • Miller PB, Weijer C. Fiduciary obligation in clinical research. J Law Med Ethics. 2006 ; 34: 424-40 (Pubitemid 43936932)
    • (2006) Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 424-440
    • Miller, P.B.1    Weijer, C.2
  • 30
    • 2942711455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When are research risks reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits?
    • DOI 10.1038/nm0604-570
    • Weijer C, Miller PB. When are research risks reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. Nat Med. 2004 ; 10: 570-73 (Pubitemid 38796840)
    • (2004) Nature Medicine , vol.10 , Issue.6 , pp. 570-573
    • Weijer, C.1    Miller, P.B.2
  • 32
    • 61449150546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the best standard for the standard of care in clinical research
    • Van der Graaf R, Van Delden JJM. What is the best standard for the standard of care in clinical research. Am J Bioeth. 2009 ; 9: 35-43
    • (2009) Am J Bioeth , vol.9 , pp. 35-43
    • Van Der Graaf, R.1    Van Delden, J.J.M.2
  • 33
    • 0034908132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and international human-subjects research
    • London AJ. Equipoise and international human-subjects research. Bioethics. 2001 ; 15: 312-32 (Pubitemid 32734181)
    • (2001) Bioethics , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 312-332
    • London, A.J.1
  • 34
    • 0025514801 scopus 로고
    • Placebo-controlled trials and the logic of clinical purpose
    • Freedman B. Placebo-controlled trials and the logic of clinical purpose. IRB: A Rev Hum Subj Res. 1990 ; 12: 1-6
    • (1990) IRB: A Rev Hum Subj Res , vol.12 , pp. 1-6
    • Freedman, B.1
  • 35
    • 80051642765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-benefit assessment in medical research-critical review and open questions
    • Rid A, Wendler D. Risk-benefit assessment in medical research-critical review and open questions. Law, Probab Risk. 2010 ; 9: 151-77
    • (2010) Law, Probab Risk , vol.9 , pp. 151-77
    • Rid, A.1    Wendler, D.2
  • 36
    • 77957663948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What physician-investigators owe patients who participate in research
    • Litton P, Miller FG. What physician-investigators owe patients who participate in research. JAMA. 2010 ; 304: 1491-92
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , pp. 1491-92
    • Litton, P.1    Miller, F.G.2
  • 38
    • 69949175616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contextualizing clinical research; The epistemological role of clinical equipoise
    • Anderson JA. Contextualizing clinical research; the epistemological role of clinical equipoise. Theor Med Bioeth. 2009 ; 30: 269-88
    • (2009) Theor Med Bioeth , vol.30 , pp. 269-88
    • Anderson, J.A.1
  • 39
    • 0035828458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equipoise is not synonymous with uncertainty
    • Lilford RJ. Equipoise is not synonymous with uncertainty. BMJ. 2001 ; 323: 574-75
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , pp. 574-75
    • Lilford, R.J.1
  • 40
    • 0038528532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indifference of subjects: An alternative to equipoise in randomized clinical trials
    • Veatch RM. Indifference of subjects: an alternative to equipoise in randomized clinical trials. Soc Philos Policy. 2002 ; 19: 295-323
    • (2002) Soc Philos Policy , vol.19 , pp. 295-323
    • Veatch, R.M.1
  • 41
    • 34247093817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The irrelevance of equipoise
    • DOI 10.1080/03605310701255776, PII 777159077
    • Veatch RM. The irrelevance of equipoise. J Med Philos. 2007 ; 32: 167-83 (Pubitemid 46598164)
    • (2007) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 167-183
    • Veatch, R.M.1
  • 45
    • 0033916884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specifying, balancing, and interpreting bioethical principles
    • Richardson HS. Specifying, balancing and interpreting bioethical principles. J Med Philos. 2000 ; 25: 285-307 (Pubitemid 30418969)
    • (2000) Journal of Medicine and Philosophy , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 285-307
    • Richardson, H.S.1
  • 46
    • 79953193825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early accelerated approval for highly targeted cancer drugs
    • Chabner, Bruce A. Early accelerated approval for highly targeted cancer drugs. N Engl J Med. 2011 ; 364: 1087-89
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.364 , pp. 1087-89
    • Chabner Bruce, A.1
  • 48
    • 84857997409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical and Scientific Advisory Council (MASAC) Recommendation 2001 #117 concerning prophylaxis
    • Medical and Scientific Advisory Council (MASAC) Recommendation 2001 #117 concerning prophylaxis. Prophylactic administration of clotting factor concentrate to prevent bleeding. http://www.hemophilia.org/NHFWeb/MainPgs/ MainNHF.aspx?menuid=51&contentid=296.
    • Prophylactic Administration of Clotting Factor Concentrate to Prevent Bleeding
  • 49
    • 0014712689 scopus 로고
    • Our experience in Sweden with prophylaxis on haemophilia
    • Nilsson IM, Blomback M, Ahlberg A. Our experience in Sweden with prophylaxis on haemophilia. Bibl Haematol. 1970 ; 34: 111-24
    • (1970) Bibl Haematol , vol.34 , pp. 111-24
    • Nilsson, I.M.1    Blomback, M.2    Ahlberg, A.3
  • 50
    • 0026635406 scopus 로고
    • Twenty-five years' experience of prophylactic treatment in severe haemophilia A and B
    • Nilsson IM, Berntorp E, Lofqvist T, Pettersson H. Twenty-five years' experience of prophylactic treatment in severe haemophilia A and B. J Intern Med. 1992 ; 232: 25-32
    • (1992) J Intern Med , vol.232 , pp. 25-32
    • Nilsson, I.M.1    Berntorp, E.2    Lofqvist, T.3    Pettersson, H.4
  • 51
    • 0017155256 scopus 로고
    • Prophylaxis in haemophilia: A double-blind controlled trial
    • Aronstam A, Arblaster PG, Rainsford SG, et al. Prophylaxis in haemophilia: a double-blind controlled trial. BMJ. 1976 ; 33: 81-90
    • (1976) BMJ , vol.33 , pp. 81-90
    • Aronstam, A.1    Arblaster, P.G.2    Rainsford, S.G.3
  • 54
    • 21844469779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B (Review)
    • Stobart K, Irio A, Wu JK. Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B (Review). Cochrane Database Syt Rev. 2005 ;: 2-2
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syt Rev , pp. 2-2
    • Stobart, K.1    Irio, A.2    Wu, J.K.3
  • 55
    • 33645641450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial results of a randomized, prospective trial of prophylaxis to prevent joint disease in young children with factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency
    • 3-Abstract-Abstract 3
    • Manco-Johnson MJ, et al. Initial results of a randomized, prospective trial of prophylaxis to prevent joint disease in young children with factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. Blood. 2005 ; 106: Abstract 3 - Abstract 3
    • (2005) Blood , pp. 106
    • Manco-Johnson, M.J.1
  • 56
    • 33645975171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are randomized clinical trials the only truth? Not always
    • Aledort L, Ljung R, Blanchette V. Are randomized clinical trials the only truth? Not always. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 ; 4: 503-4
    • (2006) J Thromb Haemost , vol.4 , pp. 503-4
    • Aledort, L.1    Ljung, R.2    Blanchette, V.3
  • 57
    • 33645984549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Need for randomized trials in hemophilia
    • Mannucci PM. Need for randomized trials in hemophilia. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 ; 4: 501-02
    • (2006) J Thromb Haemost , vol.4 , pp. 501-02
    • Mannucci, P.M.1
  • 58
    • 33645643112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • More on: Are randomized clinical trials the only truth? Not always
    • More on: are randomized clinical trials the only truth? Not always. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 ; 4: 1167-68
    • (2006) J Thromb Haemost , vol.4 , pp. 1167-68
  • 59
    • 33646780549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parachutes and prophylaxis: They both work!
    • White GC. Parachutes and prophylaxis: they both work!. J Thromb Haemost. 2006 ; 4: 1226-7
    • (2006) J Thromb Haemost , vol.4 , pp. 1226-7
    • White, G.C.1
  • 60
    • 34447252105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • RCTs and observational studies to determine the effect of prophylaxis in severe haemophilia
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01521.x
    • Fischer K, Grobbee DE, Van den Berg HM. RCTs and observational studies to determine the effect of prophylaxis in severe haemophilia. Haemophilia. 2007 ; 13: 345-50 (Pubitemid 47040161)
    • (2007) Haemophilia , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 345-350
    • Fischer, K.1    Grobbee, D.E.2    Van Den Berg, H.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.