Belarus: A tale of two elections

Journal of Democracy

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 49-63

  Potocki, Rodger ^a  

^a National Endowment for Democracy   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80051655153     PISSN: 10455736     EISSN: 10863214     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jod.2011.0050     Document Type: Note

References (18)

1. Steven Levitsky and Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 37-74.
2. Levitsky and Way, Competitive Authoritarianism, 201-207.
3. Association for International Affairs and the Stefan Batory Foundation, How to Avoid the Iron Curtain Between the EU and Belarus, January 2008, 2. Available at www.batory.org.pl/doc/Policy_brief_visas_for_Belarus.pdf.
4. Results of the Nation Opinion Poll Conducted in March-April of 2006, www.iiseps.org/edata06-3-1.html.
5. Levitsky and Way, Competitive Authoritarianism, 57.
6. A black knight is a power that acts to counter Western democratizing influence. See Gary Clyde Hufbauer, Jeffrey J. Schott, and Kimberley Ann Elliott, Economic Sanctions Reconsidered: History and Current Policy (Washington, D.C.: Institute for International Economics, 1990).
7. www.iiseps.org/e4-06-1.html.
8. Levitsky and Way, Competitive Authoritarianism, 31.
9. Eastern Partnership Polish-Swedish proposal, quoted by Alena Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira and Giselle Bosse in ENPI Implementation: The Case of Belarus, Directorate General External Policies of the Union, European Parliament, July 2008, 8.
10. Edward Lukas, What the West Gets Wrong About Belarus, Central European Digest, 2 May 2011, 7.
11. Quoted in Iryna Lewshyna, Moscow May Try to Gain Control over Belarus' Financial Market, Belapan, 29 April 2011.
12. Levitsky and Way, Competitive Authoritarianism, 68-70.
13. Valery Karbalevich, April 11 Blast: Trust in Government at Low Ebb, BelaPAN, 20 April 2011.
14. The cliff metaphor comes from Jonathan Anderson, Venezuela with Deficits: Belarus Goes Old School, UBS Investment Research, 27 April 2011, 2-3.
15. When Washington first imposed sanctions on Belarus in 2007, Belarusian exports to the United States totaled$1.1 billion; by 2009, that figure had fallen to$170 million.
16. David J. Kramer and Damon Wilson, When Sanctions Work, New Atlanticist Policy and Analysis Blog, 12 August 2010, available at www.acus.org/new_atlanticist/when-sanctions-work.
17. Katarzyna Pe3czýnska-Na3êcz, Fourth Time for Lukashenko-Lessons to Learn for the EU, 15 February 2011, available at www.euractiv.com.
18. Vitali Silitski, Requiem for a Dialog or Unaccomplished Play for Mechanical Brussels, 25 January 2011, available at http://democraticbelarus.eu/node/11215.