A review of the Eurodiale studies: What lessons for diabetic foot care?

Current Diabetes Reports

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 302-309

  Akhtar, Simeen ^a   Schaper, Nicolaas ^b   Apelqvist, Jan ^c   Jude, Edward ^a  

^a TAMESIDE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Amputation; Antibiotics; Comorbidity; Cost; Delivery of care; Diabetes; Diabetic foot care; Foot ulcer; Healing; Health care organization; Infection; Ischemia; Lower extremity; Multicenter; Neuroischemia; Neuropathy; Off loading; Osteomyelitis; Outcome; Peripheral arterial disease; Prospective; Referral; Resource utilization; Revascularization; Vascular

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT;

DEATH; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC FOOT; DRUG COST; EUROPE; FOOT AMPUTATION; FOOT CARE; HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATION; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HOSPITALIZATION COST; HUMAN; LEG REVASCULARIZATION; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PATIENT REFERRAL; PERIPHERAL OCCLUSIVE ARTERY DISEASE; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; TREATMENT OUTCOME; ULCER HEALING;

AGED; DIABETIC FOOT; FEMALE; FOOT ULCER; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 80051598923     PISSN: 15344827     EISSN: 15390829     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-011-0195-x     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. International Diabetes Federation (IDF): 2009. Diabetes Atlas. http://www.diabetesatlas.org/.
2. AJ Boulton L Vileikyte G Ragnarson-Tennvall 2005 Apelqvist: the global burden of diabetic foot disease Lancet 366 1719 24 16291066 10.1016/S0140- 6736(05)67698-2 (Pubitemid 41587452)
3. CN Dang AJ Boulton 2003 Changing perspectives in diabetic foot ulcer management Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2 4 12 15866821 10.1177/1534734603002001002
4. MS Pinzur MP Slovenkai E Trepman NN Shields 2005 Guidelines for diabetic foot care: recommendations endorsed by the Diabetes Committee of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Foot Ankle Int 26 1 113 9 15680122 (Pubitemid 40070890)
5. N Singh DG Armstrong BA Lipsky 2005 Preventing foot ulcers in patients with diabetes JAMA 293 217 28 15644549 10.1001/jama.293.2.217 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktVyqtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 40095873)
6. EP Vamos A Bottle A Majeed C Millett 2010 Trends in lower extremity amputations in people with and without diabetes in England, 1996-2005 Diab Res Clin Pract 87 2 275 82 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.11.016 The study showed that the number of both minor and major amputations in type 1 diabetes and nondiabetes-related amputations decreased during the study period but in patients with type 2 diabetes there was a significant increase, thereby highlighting the importance of diabetes prevention strategies and controlling risk factors for lower extremity amputations in people with diabetes.
7. AJ Boulton 2004 The diabetic foot: from art to science. The 18th Camillo Golgi lecture Diabetologia 47 1343 53 15309286 10.1007/s00125-004-1463-y 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2cvgsVCksg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 39232418)
8. S Beckert M Witte C Wicke, et al. 2006 A new wound-based severity score for diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective analysis of 1,000 patients Diabetes Care 29 988 92 16644625 10.2337/dc05-2431 (Pubitemid 44115232)
9. PK Moulik R Mtonga GV Gill 2003 Amputation and mortality in new-onset diabetic foot ulcers stratified by etiology Diabetes Care 26 491 4 12547887 10.2337/diacare.26.2.491 (Pubitemid 36929080)
10. SO Oyibo EB Jude I Tarawneh, et al. 2001 The effects of ulcer size and site, patient's age, sex and type and duration of diabetes on the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers Diabet Med 18 133 8 11251677 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001. 00422.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3jsFyquw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32238959)
11. SO Oyibo EB Jude I Tarawneh, et al. 2001 A comparison of two diabetic foot ulcer classification systems: the Wagner and the University of Texaswound classification systems Diabetes Care 24 84 8 11194247 10.2337/diacare.24.1.84 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzgtVakug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 32104225)
12. DG Armstrong LA Lavery LB Harkless 1998 Validation of a diabetic wound classification system. The contribution of depth, infection, and ischaemia to risk of amputation Diabetes Care 21 855 9 9589255 10.2337/diacare.21.5.855 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3ltFWntQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28487086)
13. J Apelqvist J Larsson CD Agardh 1990 The importance of peripheral pulses, peripheral oedema and local pain for the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers Diabet Med 7 590 4 2146065 10.1111/j.1464-5491.1990.tb01454.x 1:STN:280: DyaK3M%2FjtVCgsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20229734)
14. RG Frykberg 2003 An evidence-based approach to diabetic foot infections Am J Surg 186 5A 44S 54S 14684226 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.10.008 (Pubitemid 37548489)
15. J Apelqvist J Larsson CD Agardh 1993 Long-term prognosis for diabetic patients with foot ulcers J Intern Med 233 6 485 91 8501419 10.1111/j.1365-2796. 1993.tb01003.x 1:STN:280:DyaK3s3nsVantQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 23172610)
16. SD Ramsey K Newton D Blough, et al. 1999 Incidence, outcomes, and cost of foot ulcers in patients with diabetes Diabetes Care 22 382 7 10097914 10.2337/diacare.22.3.382 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7psl2rtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29106890)
17. DJ Margolis L Allen-Taylor O Hoffstad JA Berlin 2002 Diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers: the association of wound size, wound duration, and wound grade on healing Diabetes Care 25 1835 9 12351487 10.2337/diacare.25.10.1835 (Pubitemid 41071096)
18. WJ Jeffcoate SY Chipchase P Ince FL Game 2006 Assessing the outcome of the management of diabetic foot ulcers using ulcer-related and person-related measures Diabetes Care 29 1784 7 16873780 10.2337/dc06-0306 (Pubitemid 44156630)
19. L Prompers M Huijberts J Apelqvist, et al. 2007 Optimal organization of health care in diabetic foot disease: introduction to the eurodiale study Int J Low Extrem Wounds 6 11 7 17344196 10.1177/1534734606297245
20. E Faglia M Mantero M Caminiti, et al. 2002 Extensive use of peripheral angioplasty, particularly infrapopliteal, in the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers: clinical results of a multicentric study of 221 consecutive diabetic subjects J Int Med 252 225 32 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2002.01015.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38vovF2hsg%3D%3D
21. S Krishnan F Nash N Baker G Rayman 2008 Reduction in diabetic amputations over 11 years in a defined UK population: benefits of multidisciplinary team work and continuous prospective audit Diabetes Care 31 99 101 17934144 10.2337/dc07-1178 Results showed a significant reduction in total and major amputation rates over an 11-year period following improvements in foot care services including multidisciplinary team work.
22. W Habacher I Rakovac E Gorzer, et al. 2007 A model to analyse costs and benefit of intensified diabetic foot care in Austria J Eval Clin Pract 13 906 12 18070261 (Pubitemid 350125478)
23. J Apelqvist G Ragnarson-Tennvall U Persson J Larsson 1994 Diabetic foot ulcers in a multidisciplinary setting. An economic analysis of primary healing and healing with amputation J Intern Med 235 463 71 8182403 10.1111/j.1365-2796. 1994.tb01104.x 1:STN:280:DyaK2c3jvVejsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24212812)
24. G Ragnarson-Tennvall J Apelqvist M Eneroth 2000 The inpatient care of patients with diabetes mellitus and foot ulcers. A validation study of the correspondence between medical records and the Swedish Inpatient Registry with the consequences for cost estimations J Intern Med 248 397 405 11123504 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00748.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD38%2FgsF2huw%3D%3D
25. I Girod P Valensi C Laforet, et al. 2003 An economic evaluation of the cost of diabetic foot ulcers: results of a retrospective study on 239 patients Diab Metab 29 269 77 10.1016/S1262-3636(07)70036-8 1:STN:280: DC%2BD3sznsVyltA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 36807437)
26. D Smith MJ Cullen JJ Nolan 2004 The cost of managing diabetic foot ulceration in an Irish hospital Ir J Med Sci 173 89 92 15540710 10.1007/BF02914564 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2crmvVCjuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 39430075)
27. WA Davis PE Norman DG Bruce TM Davis 2006 Predictors, consequences and costs of diabetes-related lower extremity amputation complicating type 2 diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study Diabetologia 49 2634 41 17001469 10.1007/s00125-006-0431-0 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28njtFSitg%3D%3D
28. L Prompers M Huijberts J Apelqvist, et al. 2007 High prevalence of ischaemia, infection and serious comorbidity in patients with diabetic foot disease in Europe. Baseline results from the Eurodiale study Diabetologia 50 18 25 17093942 10.1007/s00125-006-0491-1 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28jlslCjsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46035847)
29. L Prompers M Huijberts J Apelqvist, et al. 2008 Delivery of care to diabetic patients with foot ulcers in daily practice: results of the Eurodiale Study, a prospective cohort study Diabet Med 25 700 7 18544108 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02445.x 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1czns1ersg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 351782831)
30. L Prompers M Huijberts N Schaper, et al. 2008 Resource utilisation and costs associated with the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Prospective data from the Eurodiale Study Diabetologia 51 1826 34 18648766 10.1007/s00125-008- 1089-6 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1crot1eqtg%3D%3D
31. L Prompers N Schaper J Apelqvist, et al. 2008 Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. The EURODIALE study Diabetologia 51 747 55 18297261 10.1007/s00125-008-0940-0 1:STN:280: DC%2BD1c3jtFKkuw%3D%3D The study showed that predictors of healing were different between patients with and without PAD, suggesting that diabetic foot ulcers with or without concomitant PAD should be defined as two separate entities.
32. P van Battum N Schaper L Prompers, et al. 2011 Minor amputation in diabetic foot disease; Friend or foe? Diabet Med 28 199 205 21219430 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03192.x
33. AJ Boulton FA Gries JA Jervell 1998 Guidelines for the diagnosis and outpatient management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy Diabet Med 15 508 14 9632127 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199806)15:6<508::AID-DIA613>3.0.CO;2-L 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3ptlyrug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28261150)
34. NC Schaper 2004 Diabetic foot ulcer classification system for research purposes: a progress report criteria for including patients in research studies Diab Metab Res Rev 20 S90 5 10.1002/dmrr.464 (Pubitemid 38714342)
35. JM Murabito RB D'Agostino H Silbershatz WF Wilson 1997 Intermittent claudication: a risk profile from the Framingham Heart Study Circulation 96 44 9 9236415 1:STN:280:DyaK2sznvFKitA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27298402)
36. American Diabetes Association 2003 Peripheral arterial disease in people with diabetes Diabetes Care 26 3333 41 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2194
37. EB Jude SO Oyibo N Chalmers AJM Boulton 2001 Peripheral arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic patients Diabetes Care 24 1433 7 11473082 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1433 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvisFagtQ%3D%3D
38. DE Strandness RE Priest GE Gibbons 1964 Combined clinical and pathological study of diabetic and nondiabetic peripheral arterial disease Diabetes 13 366 72 14210680
39. TA King RG DePalma RS Rhodes 1984 Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic involvement of the profunda femoris artery Surg Gynaecal Obstet 159 553 6 1:STN:280:DyaL2M%2Fms1artg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 15193903)
40. Basil trial participants: Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL).: multicentre randomised controlled trial. The Lancet 2005;366:1925-34.
41. E Faglia L Dalla Paola G Clerici, et al. 1999 Peripheral angioplasty as the first-choice revascularization procedure in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia: prospective study of 993 consecutive patients hospitalized and followed between and 2003 Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005 29 620 7
42. MH Nabuurs-Franssen R Sleegers MS Huijberts, et al. 2005 Total contact casting of the diabetic foot in daily practice: a prospective follow-up study Diabetes Care 28 243 7 15677773 10.2337/diacare.28.2.243 (Pubitemid 40170920)
43. JT Raymakers AJ Houben JJ van der Heyden 2001 The effect of diabetes and severe ischaemia on the penetration of ceftazidime into tissues of the limb Diabet Med 18 229 34 11318845 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00460.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjslKnsL0%3D (Pubitemid 32397862)
44. K Stockl A Vanderplas E Tafesse E Chang 2004 Costs of lower-extremity ulcers among patients with diabetes Diabetes Care 27 2129 34 15333473 10.2337/diacare.27.9.2129 (Pubitemid 39167174)
45. A Sotto JL Richard C Combescure, et al. 2010 Beneficial effects of implementing guidelines on microbiology and costs of infected diabetes foot ulcers Diabetologia 53 2249 55 20571753 10.1007/s00125-010-1828-3 1:STN:280:DC%2BC3cjovVyqtg%3D%3D A total of 405 consecutive patients with suspected diabetic foot infection were included in the study. Implementation of Guidelines of the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot for obtaining specimens for culture was cost saving and provided interesting quality indicators in the global management of diabetic foot infection.