메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 186, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 798-804

Surgical access for electrical stimulation of the pudendal and dorsal genital nerves in the overactive bladder: A review

Author keywords

anatomy; electric stimulation; prostheses and implants; urinary bladder, overactive

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICAL VARIATION; BLADDER CAPACITY; CLITORIS; DORSAL ROOT; ELECTROSTIMULATION; HUMAN; INVOLUNTARY MOVEMENT; MINIMALLY INVASIVE PROCEDURE; NERVE STIMULATION; OVERACTIVE BLADDER; PENIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUDENDAL NERVE; REVIEW; SURGICAL TECHNIQUE;

EID: 80051551313     PISSN: 00225347     EISSN: 15273792     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.2696     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (19)

References (50)
  • 1
    • 35048873681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of sacral neuromodulation therapy for urinary voiding dysfunction: Outcomes of a prospective, worldwide clinical study
    • P.E. van Kerrebroeck, A.C. van Voskuilen, and J.P. Heesakkers Results of sacral neuromodulation therapy for urinary voiding dysfunction: outcomes of a prospective, worldwide clinical study J Urol 178 2007 2029
    • (2007) J Urol , vol.178 , pp. 2029
    • Van Kerrebroeck, P.E.1    Van Voskuilen, A.C.2    Heesakkers, J.P.3
  • 2
    • 0034848929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New, simple, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: Topographic basics
    • H. Gruber, P. Kovacs, and J. Piegger New, simple, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the pudendal nerve: topographic basics Dis Colon Rectum 44 2001 1376
    • (2001) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.44 , pp. 1376
    • Gruber, H.1    Kovacs, P.2    Piegger, J.3
  • 3
    • 31144436039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fascicular anatomy and surgical access of the human pudendal nerve
    • K.J. Gustafson, P.F. Zelkovic, and A.H. Feng Fascicular anatomy and surgical access of the human pudendal nerve World J Urol 23 2005 411
    • (2005) World J Urol , vol.23 , pp. 411
    • Gustafson, K.J.1    Zelkovic, P.F.2    Feng, A.H.3
  • 4
    • 27744441301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of pudendal nerve at urogenital diaphragmnew critical site for nerve entrapment
    • S. Hruby, J. Ebmer, and A.L. Dellon Anatomy of pudendal nerve at urogenital diaphragmnew critical site for nerve entrapment Urology 66 2005 949
    • (2005) Urology , vol.66 , pp. 949
    • Hruby, S.1    Ebmer, J.2    Dellon, A.L.3
  • 5
    • 0023930171 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of sacral and pudendal nerve anatomy
    • K.P. Juenemann, T.F. Lue, and R.A. Schmidt Clinical significance of sacral and pudendal nerve anatomy J Urol 139 1988 74
    • (1988) J Urol , vol.139 , pp. 74
    • Juenemann, K.P.1    Lue, T.F.2    Schmidt, R.A.3
  • 6
    • 15944412889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical study of the pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament
    • P. Mahakkanukrauh, P. Surin, and P. Vaidhayakarn Anatomical study of the pudendal nerve adjacent to the sacrospinous ligament Clin Anat 18 2005 200
    • (2005) Clin Anat , vol.18 , pp. 200
    • Mahakkanukrauh, P.1    Surin, P.2    Vaidhayakarn, P.3
  • 7
    • 0033928238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New, simple approach for maximal pudendal nerve exposure: Anomalies and prospects for functional reconstruction
    • A. O'Bichere, C. Green, and R.K. Phillips New, simple approach for maximal pudendal nerve exposure: anomalies and prospects for functional reconstruction Dis Colon Rectum 43 2000 956
    • (2000) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.43 , pp. 956
    • O'Bichere, A.1    Green, C.2    Phillips, R.K.3
  • 8
    • 1342301581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its terminal branches: A cadaver study
    • S.E. Schraffordt, J.J. Tjandra, and N. Eizenberg Anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its terminal branches: a cadaver study ANZ J Surg 74 2004 23
    • (2004) ANZ J Surg , vol.74 , pp. 23
    • Schraffordt, S.E.1    Tjandra, J.J.2    Eizenberg, N.3
  • 9
    • 33749264457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulcus nervi dorsalis penis/clitoridis: Anatomic structure and clinical significance
    • J. Sedy, O. Nanka, and M. Belisova Sulcus nervi dorsalis penis/clitoridis: anatomic structure and clinical significance Eur Urol 50 2006 1079
    • (2006) Eur Urol , vol.50 , pp. 1079
    • Sedy, J.1    Nanka, O.2    Belisova, M.3
  • 10
    • 0028910561 scopus 로고
    • Surgical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its clinical implications
    • A. Shafik, M. el-Sherif, and A. Youssef Surgical anatomy of the pudendal nerve and its clinical implications Clin Anat 8 1995 110
    • (1995) Clin Anat , vol.8 , pp. 110
    • Shafik, A.1    El-Sherif, M.2    Youssef, A.3
  • 11
    • 54449088202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining the course of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris
    • A. Vaze, H. Goldman, and J.S. Jones Determining the course of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris Urology 72 2008 1040
    • (2008) Urology , vol.72 , pp. 1040
    • Vaze, A.1    Goldman, H.2    Jones, J.S.3
  • 12
    • 0030748595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preservation of pudendal afferents in sacral rhizotomies
    • J.C. Huang, V. Deletis, and D.B. Vodusek Preservation of pudendal afferents in sacral rhizotomies Neurosurgery 41 1997 411
    • (1997) Neurosurgery , vol.41 , pp. 411
    • Huang, J.C.1    Deletis, V.2    Vodusek, D.B.3
  • 13
    • 0032431228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peripheral distribution of the human dorsal nerve of the penis
    • C.C. Yang, and W.E. Bradley Peripheral distribution of the human dorsal nerve of the penis J Urol 159 1998 1912
    • (1998) J Urol , vol.159 , pp. 1912
    • Yang, C.C.1    Bradley, W.E.2
  • 14
    • 18144395793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic pudendal nerve neuromodulation in women with idiopathic refractory detrusor overactivity incontinence: Results of a pilot study with a novel minimally invasive implantable mini-stimulator
    • J. Groen, C. Amiel, and J.L. Bosch Chronic pudendal nerve neuromodulation in women with idiopathic refractory detrusor overactivity incontinence: results of a pilot study with a novel minimally invasive implantable mini-stimulator Neurourol Urodyn 24 2005 226
    • (2005) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.24 , pp. 226
    • Groen, J.1    Amiel, C.2    Bosch, J.L.3
  • 15
    • 79953312636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal invasive electrode implantation for conditional stimulation of the dorsal genital nerve in neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • F.M. Martens, J.P. Heesakkers, and N.J. Rijkhoff Minimal invasive electrode implantation for conditional stimulation of the dorsal genital nerve in neurogenic detrusor overactivity Spinal Cord 49 2011 566
    • (2011) Spinal Cord , vol.49 , pp. 566
    • Martens, F.M.1    Heesakkers, J.P.2    Rijkhoff, N.J.3
  • 16
    • 21944443147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new minimally invasive procedure for pudendal nerve stimulation to treat neurogenic bladder: Description of the method and preliminary data
    • M. Spinelli, S. Malaguti, and G. Giardiello A new minimally invasive procedure for pudendal nerve stimulation to treat neurogenic bladder: description of the method and preliminary data Neurourol Urodyn 24 2005 305
    • (2005) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.24 , pp. 305
    • Spinelli, M.1    Malaguti, S.2    Giardiello, G.3
  • 17
    • 0024820796 scopus 로고
    • Technique of pudendal nerve localization for block or stimulation
    • R.A. Schmidt Technique of pudendal nerve localization for block or stimulation J Urol 142 1989 1528
    • (1989) J Urol , vol.142 , pp. 1528
    • Schmidt, R.A.1
  • 18
    • 0025344518 scopus 로고
    • Neuroprostheses in the management of incontinence in myelomeningocele patients
    • R.A. Schmidt, B.A. Kogan, and E.A. Tanagho Neuroprostheses in the management of incontinence in myelomeningocele patients J Urol 143 1990 779
    • (1990) J Urol , vol.143 , pp. 779
    • Schmidt, R.A.1    Kogan, B.A.2    Tanagho, E.A.3
  • 19
    • 0023937313 scopus 로고
    • Detrusor inhibition on selective pudendal nerve stimulation in the perineum
    • D.B. Vodusek, S. Plevnik, and P. Vrtacnik Detrusor inhibition on selective pudendal nerve stimulation in the perineum Neurourol Urodyn 6 1988 389
    • (1988) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.6 , pp. 389
    • Vodusek, D.B.1    Plevnik, S.2    Vrtacnik, P.3
  • 20
    • 0029684429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electrical pelvic floor stimulation: A possible alternative treatment for reflex urinary incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury
    • M. Ishigooka, T. Hashimoto, and S. Hayami Electrical pelvic floor stimulation: a possible alternative treatment for reflex urinary incontinence in patients with spinal cord injury Spinal Cord 34 1996 411
    • (1996) Spinal Cord , vol.34 , pp. 411
    • Ishigooka, M.1    Hashimoto, T.2    Hayami, S.3
  • 21
    • 0024445975 scopus 로고
    • Effects of external and direct pudendal nerve maximal electrical stimulation in the treatment of the uninhibited overactive bladder
    • B.L. Ohlsson, M. Fall, and S. Frankenberg-Sommar Effects of external and direct pudendal nerve maximal electrical stimulation in the treatment of the uninhibited overactive bladder Br J Urol 64 1989 374
    • (1989) Br J Urol , vol.64 , pp. 374
    • Ohlsson, B.L.1    Fall, M.2    Frankenberg-Sommar, S.3
  • 22
    • 27644560612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral versus pudendal nerve stimulation for voiding dysfunction: A prospective, single-blinded, randomized, crossover trial
    • K.M. Peters, K.M. Feber, and R.C. Bennett Sacral versus pudendal nerve stimulation for voiding dysfunction: a prospective, single-blinded, randomized, crossover trial Neurourol Urodyn 24 2005 643
    • (2005) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.24 , pp. 643
    • Peters, K.M.1    Feber, K.M.2    Bennett, R.C.3
  • 23
    • 0037277562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve may increase cystometric capacity in patients with spinal cord injury
    • A.L. Dalmose, N.J. Rijkhoff, and H.J. Kirkeby Conditional stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve may increase cystometric capacity in patients with spinal cord injury Neurourol Urodyn 22 2003 130
    • (2003) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.22 , pp. 130
    • Dalmose, A.L.1    Rijkhoff, N.J.2    Kirkeby, H.J.3
  • 24
    • 33746756576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Event driven electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve for management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis
    • M.V. Fjorback, N. Rijkhoff, and T. Petersen Event driven electrical stimulation of the dorsal penile/clitoral nerve for management of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in multiple sclerosis Neurourol Urodyn 25 2006 349
    • (2006) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.25 , pp. 349
    • Fjorback, M.V.1    Rijkhoff, N.2    Petersen, T.3
  • 25
    • 18744366094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured patients by conditional electrical stimulation
    • J. Hansen, S. Media, and M. Nøhr Treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity in spinal cord injured patients by conditional electrical stimulation J Urol 173 2005 2035
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.173 , pp. 2035
    • Hansen, J.1    Media, S.2    Nøhr, M.3
  • 26
    • 0034883245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute effects of continuous and conditional neuromodulation on the bladder in spinal cord injury
    • A.P. Kirkham, N.C. Shah, and S.L. Knight The acute effects of continuous and conditional neuromodulation on the bladder in spinal cord injury Spinal Cord 39 2001 420
    • (2001) Spinal Cord , vol.39 , pp. 420
    • Kirkham, A.P.1    Shah, N.C.2    Knight, S.L.3
  • 27
    • 0036159113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-controlled dorsal penile nerve stimulation to inhibit bladder hyperreflexia in incomplete spinal cord injury: A case report
    • Y.H. Lee, and G.H. Creasey Self-controlled dorsal penile nerve stimulation to inhibit bladder hyperreflexia in incomplete spinal cord injury: a case report Arch Phys Med Rehabil 83 2002 273
    • (2002) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.83 , pp. 273
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Creasey, G.H.2
  • 28
    • 19144371307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Percutaneous electrical stimulation of sensory nerve fibers to improve motor function: Applications in voiding dysfunction
    • Y.H. Lee, I.S. Lee, and J.Y. Lee Percutaneous electrical stimulation of sensory nerve fibers to improve motor function: applications in voiding dysfunction Curr Appl Phys 5 2005 542
    • (2005) Curr Appl Phys , vol.5 , pp. 542
    • Lee, Y.H.1    Lee, I.S.2    Lee, J.Y.3
  • 29
    • 0021231597 scopus 로고
    • Bladder inhibition by penile electrical stimulation
    • M. Nakamura, and T. Sakurai Bladder inhibition by penile electrical stimulation Br J Urol 56 1984 413
    • (1984) Br J Urol , vol.56 , pp. 413
    • Nakamura, M.1    Sakurai, T.2
  • 30
    • 0037214444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring the sensations of urge and bladder filling during cystometry in urge incontinence and the effects of neuromodulation
    • S. Oliver, C. Fowler, and A. Mundy Measuring the sensations of urge and bladder filling during cystometry in urge incontinence and the effects of neuromodulation Neurourol Urodyn 22 2003 7
    • (2003) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.22 , pp. 7
    • Oliver, S.1    Fowler, C.2    Mundy, A.3
  • 31
    • 51149083916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient controlled versus automatic stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • E. Opisso, A. Borau, and A. Rodriguez Patient controlled versus automatic stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity J Urol 180 2008 1403
    • (2008) J Urol , vol.180 , pp. 1403
    • Opisso, E.1    Borau, A.2    Rodriguez, A.3
  • 32
    • 28144437189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term effect of pudendal nerve electrical stimulation on detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury patients: Importance of current strength
    • J.G. Prévinaire, J.M. Soler, and M. Perrigot Short-term effect of pudendal nerve electrical stimulation on detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury patients: importance of current strength Paraplegia 34 1996 95
    • (1996) Paraplegia , vol.34 , pp. 95
    • Prévinaire, J.G.1    Soler, J.M.2    Perrigot, M.3
  • 33
    • 0022970543 scopus 로고
    • Detrusor inhibition induced by stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents
    • D.B. Vodusek, J.K. Light, and J.M. Libby Detrusor inhibition induced by stimulation of pudendal nerve afferents Neurourol Urodyn 5 1986 381
    • (1986) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.5 , pp. 381
    • Vodusek, D.B.1    Light, J.K.2    Libby, J.M.3
  • 34
    • 0026542811 scopus 로고
    • Bladder inhibition by penile nerve stimulation in spinal cord injury patients
    • J.S. Wheeler Jr, J.S. Walter, and P.J. Zaszczurynski Bladder inhibition by penile nerve stimulation in spinal cord injury patients J Urol 147 1992 100
    • (1992) J Urol , vol.147 , pp. 100
    • Wheeler, Jr.J.S.1    Walter, J.S.2    Zaszczurynski, P.J.3
  • 35
    • 77953594614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional and continuous electrical stimulation increase cystometric capacity in persons with spinal cord injury
    • E.E. Horvath, P.B. Yoo, and C.L. Amundsen Conditional and continuous electrical stimulation increase cystometric capacity in persons with spinal cord injury Neurourol Urodyn 29 2010 401
    • (2010) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.29 , pp. 401
    • Horvath, E.E.1    Yoo, P.B.2    Amundsen, C.L.3
  • 36
    • 0028415007 scopus 로고
    • Management of incontinent SCI patients with penile stimulation: Preliminary results
    • J.S. Wheeler Jr, J.S. Walter, and P. Sibley Management of incontinent SCI patients with penile stimulation: preliminary results J Am Paraplegia Soc 17 1994 55
    • (1994) J Am Paraplegia Soc , vol.17 , pp. 55
    • Wheeler, Jr.J.S.1    Walter, J.S.2    Sibley, P.3
  • 37
    • 50849112742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsal genital nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms
    • H.B. Goldman, C.L. Amundsen, and J. Mangel Dorsal genital nerve stimulation for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms Neurourol Urodyn 27 2008 499
    • (2008) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.27 , pp. 499
    • Goldman, H.B.1    Amundsen, C.L.2    Mangel, J.3
  • 38
    • 0031965331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is there a place for pudendal nerve maximal electrical stimulation for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury patients?
    • J.G. Prévinaire, J.M. Soler, and M. Perrigot Is there a place for pudendal nerve maximal electrical stimulation for the treatment of detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injury patients? Spinal Cord 36 1998 100
    • (1998) Spinal Cord , vol.36 , pp. 100
    • Prévinaire, J.G.1    Soler, J.M.2    Perrigot, M.3
  • 39
    • 0041333884 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent fibers of the pudendal nerve modulate sympathetic neurons controlling the bladder neck
    • A. Reitz, D.M. Schmid, and A. Curt Afferent fibers of the pudendal nerve modulate sympathetic neurons controlling the bladder neck Neurourol Urodyn 22 2003 597
    • (2003) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.22 , pp. 597
    • Reitz, A.1    Schmid, D.M.2    Curt, A.3
  • 40
    • 51349146225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction and impact on erectile function
    • G. Lombardi, N. Mondaini, and G. Giubilei Sacral neuromodulation for lower urinary tract dysfunction and impact on erectile function J Sex Med 5 2008 2135
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 2135
    • Lombardi, G.1    Mondaini, N.2    Giubilei, G.3
  • 41
    • 44949094430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical female sexual outcome after sacral neuromodulation implant for lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS)
    • G. Lombardi, N. Mondaini, and A. Macchiarella Clinical female sexual outcome after sacral neuromodulation implant for lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) J Sex Med 5 2008 1411
    • (2008) J Sex Med , vol.5 , pp. 1411
    • Lombardi, G.1    Mondaini, N.2    MacChiarella, A.3
  • 42
    • 33644597418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Closed loop electrical control of urinary continence
    • B.J. Wenzel, J.W. Boggs, and K.J. Gustafson Closed loop electrical control of urinary continence J Urol 175 2006 1559
    • (2006) J Urol , vol.175 , pp. 1559
    • Wenzel, B.J.1    Boggs, J.W.2    Gustafson, K.J.3
  • 43
    • 0036282670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromodulation through sacral nerve roots 2 to 4 with a Finetech-Brindley sacral posterior and anterior root stimulator
    • A.P. Kirkham, S.L. Knight, and M.D. Craggs Neuromodulation through sacral nerve roots 2 to 4 with a Finetech-Brindley sacral posterior and anterior root stimulator Spinal Cord 40 2002 272
    • (2002) Spinal Cord , vol.40 , pp. 272
    • Kirkham, A.P.1    Knight, S.L.2    Craggs, M.D.3
  • 45
    • 0033786692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiotelemetered cystometry in pigs: Validation and comparison of natural filling versus diuresis cystometry
    • I.W. Mills, J.G. Noble, and A.F. Brading Radiotelemetered cystometry in pigs: validation and comparison of natural filling versus diuresis cystometry J Urol 164 2000 1745
    • (2000) J Urol , vol.164 , pp. 1745
    • Mills, I.W.1    Noble, J.G.2    Brading, A.F.3
  • 46
    • 59949093110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a fully implantable wireless pressure monitoring system
    • R. Tan, T. McClure, and C.K. Lin Development of a fully implantable wireless pressure monitoring system Biomed Microdevices 11 2009 259
    • (2009) Biomed Microdevices , vol.11 , pp. 259
    • Tan, R.1    McClure, T.2    Lin, C.K.3
  • 47
    • 34250699386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urethral sphincter EMG as event detector for Neurogenic detrusor overactivity
    • J. Hansen, A. Borau, and A. Rodriguez Urethral sphincter EMG as event detector for Neurogenic detrusor overactivity IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 54 2007 1212
    • (2007) IEEE Trans Biomed Eng , vol.54 , pp. 1212
    • Hansen, J.1    Borau, A.2    Rodriguez, A.3
  • 48
    • 33644675465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of neurogenic detrusor contractions from the activity of the external anal sphincter in cat and human
    • B.J. Wenzel, J.W. Boggs, and K.J. Gustafson Detection of neurogenic detrusor contractions from the activity of the external anal sphincter in cat and human Neurourol Urodyn 25 2006 140
    • (2006) Neurourol Urodyn , vol.25 , pp. 140
    • Wenzel, B.J.1    Boggs, J.W.2    Gustafson, K.J.3
  • 49
    • 24944498495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraoperative recording of electroneurographic signals from cuff electrodes on extradural sacral roots in spinal cord injured patients
    • G.A. Kurstjens, A. Borau, and A. Rodriguez Intraoperative recording of electroneurographic signals from cuff electrodes on extradural sacral roots in spinal cord injured patients J Urol 174 2005 1482
    • (2005) J Urol , vol.174 , pp. 1482
    • Kurstjens, G.A.1    Borau, A.2    Rodriguez, A.3
  • 50
    • 5444261303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detrusor overactivity Does it represent a difference if patients feel the involuntary contractions?
    • J.J. Wyndaele, T.D. Van Meel, and W.S. De Detrusor overactivity Does it represent a difference if patients feel the involuntary contractions? J Urol 172 2004 1915
    • (2004) J Urol , vol.172 , pp. 1915
    • Wyndaele, J.J.1    Van Meel, T.D.2    De, W.S.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.