-
1
-
-
80051500119
-
-
10th Circuit Court of Appeals Case nos. 83-2415, 83-2423, and 83-2424, located in Federal Records Center, Lakewood, Colorado (hereafter Alley Case)
-
Barbara and W. H. Alley v. Gubser Development Company, National Gypsum Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, and Georgia-Pacific Corporation, 10th Circuit Court of Appeals Case nos. 83-2415, 83-2423, and 83-2424, located in Federal Records Center, Lakewood, Colorado (hereafter Alley Case), vol. 16, 662.
-
Gubser Development Company, National Gypsum Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, and Georgia-Pacific Corporation
, vol.16
, pp. 662
-
-
Barbara1
Alley, W.H.2
-
5
-
-
80051526649
-
-
Ibid., 665, 668
-
Ibid., 665, 668; vol. 15, 547, 551.
-
Gubser Development Company, National Gypsum Corporation, Weyerhaeuser Company, Louisiana-Pacific Corporation, and Georgia-Pacific Corporation
, vol.15
-
-
Barbara1
Alley, W.H.2
-
6
-
-
80051538204
-
-
Note
-
Michelle Murphy's Sick Building Syndrome and the Problem of Uncertainty: Environmental Politics, Technoscience, and Women Workers (Durham, N.C., 2006) is the best current work on the connection between buildings and bodies.
-
-
-
-
7
-
-
0029286538
-
Working Environments: An Ecological Approach to Industrial Health and Safety
-
See also
-
See also Arthur F. McEvoy, "Working Environments: An Ecological Approach to Industrial Health and Safety," Technology and Culture 36 (1995): 145-72.
-
(1995)
Technology and Culture
, vol.36
, pp. 145-172
-
-
McEvoy, A.F.1
-
9
-
-
80051485639
-
-
Note
-
I have borrowed Nash's definition of a modernist outlook that seeks to separate the human body from nature.
-
-
-
-
11
-
-
85040880798
-
-
Cambridge, traces the rise of modern environmentalism to new, higher standards of health in the postwar era
-
Samuel P. Hays, Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985 (Cambridge, 1987) traces the rise of modern environmentalism to new, higher standards of health in the postwar era.
-
(1987)
Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics In the United States, 1955-1985
-
-
Hays, S.P.1
-
12
-
-
80051542200
-
-
Hays; Thomas Hine, Populuxe (New York, 118, uses the term"technological positivism" and describes how the appearance of popular architecture between 1955 and 1965 reflected this attitude
-
Hays; Thomas Hine, Populuxe (New York, 1987), 118, uses the term"technological positivism" and describes how the appearance of popular architecture between 1955 and 1965 reflected this attitude.
-
(1987)
-
-
-
15
-
-
0031869250
-
Working for the Environment: Organized Labor and the Origins of Environmentalism in the United States, 1948-1970
-
On working-class environmental activism, two useful articles are
-
On working-class environmental activism, two useful articles are Scott Dewey, "Working for the Environment: Organized Labor and the Origins of Environmentalism in the United States, 1948-1970," Environmental History 3 (1998): 45-63.
-
(1998)
Environmental History
, vol.3
, pp. 45-63
-
-
Dewey, S.1
-
16
-
-
85071574884
-
Challenging Power: ToxicWaste Protests and the Politicization of White, Working-Class Women
-
ed. Nancy A. Naples (New York
-
Celene Krauss, "Challenging Power: ToxicWaste Protests and the Politicization of White, Working-Class Women," in Community Activism and Feminist Politics: Organizing Across Race, Class, and Gender, ed. Nancy A. Naples (New York, 1998), 129-50.
-
(1998)
Community Activism and Feminist Politics: Organizing Across Race, Class, and Gender
, pp. 129-150
-
-
Krauss, C.1
-
17
-
-
80051502128
-
-
Note
-
I am also indebted to Greg Summers's current research on the environmental history of the home.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
0345188162
-
Gender Transformed: Endocrine Disrupters in the Environment
-
Murphy; Nash; Pursell, ed. Virginia J. Scharff (Lawrence, Kans
-
Murphy; Nash; Pursell; Nancy Langston, "Gender Transformed: Endocrine Disrupters in the Environment," in Seeing Nature Through Gender, ed. Virginia J. Scharff (Lawrence, Kans., 2003), 129-66.
-
(2003)
Seeing Nature Through Gender
, pp. 129-166
-
-
Langston, N.1
-
20
-
-
77957764767
-
-
Working-class environmentalism is still scantily covered though it is addressed by, Chapel Hill, N.C
-
Working-class environmentalism is still scantily covered though it is addressed by Chad Montrie, Making a Living: Work and Environment in the United States (Chapel Hill, N.C., 2008).
-
(2008)
Making a Living: Work and Environment In the United States
-
-
Montrie, C.1
-
21
-
-
0003931595
-
-
Chapel Hill, N.C
-
Andrew Hurley, Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution in Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980 (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1995)
-
(1995)
Environmental Inequalities: Class, Race, and Industrial Pollution In Gary, Indiana, 1945-1980
-
-
Hurley, A.1
-
24
-
-
0344597038
-
-
Portland, Ore
-
Robert M. Cour, The Plywood Age: A History of the Fir Plywood Industry's First Fifty Years (Portland, Ore., 1955), 6-13, 30-31, 34, 36-39, 79.
-
(1955)
The Plywood Age: A History of the Fir Plywood Industry's First Fifty Years
-
-
Cour, R.M.1
-
25
-
-
80051500453
-
-
eds, New York
-
E. Vernon Knight and Meinrad Wulpi, eds., Veneers and Plywood: Their Craftsmanship and Artistry, Modern Production Methods and Present-Day Utility (New York, 1927), 322-26.
-
(1927)
Veneers and Plywood: Their Craftsmanship and Artistry, Modern Production Methods and Present-Day Utility
, pp. 322-326
-
-
Vernon, K.E.1
Wulpi, M.2
-
28
-
-
80051542911
-
-
Cour, 30-31, 34, 36-39, 79.
-
-
-
Cour1
-
29
-
-
80051494660
-
-
Brooklyn, N.Y
-
Andrew DickWood and Thomas Gray Linn, Plywoods: Their Development, Manufacture, and Application (Brooklyn, N.Y., 1943), 78-79.
-
(1943)
Plywoods: Their Development, Manufacture, and Application
, pp. 78-79
-
-
Dickwood, A.1
Linn, T.G.2
-
30
-
-
80051481207
-
-
Cour, 14, 19, 83.
-
-
-
Cour1
-
31
-
-
80051524206
-
-
Wood and Linn, 79
-
Wood and Linn, 79.
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
80051514272
-
-
Meyer, 28-29, 32-33, 79-81, 84.
-
-
-
Meyer1
-
36
-
-
80051493938
-
-
Knight and Wulpi (n. 9 above)
-
Knight and Wulpi (n. 9 above), 265-68.
-
-
-
-
37
-
-
80051501103
-
-
Cour (n. 9 above)
-
Cour (n. 9 above), 84-85.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
80051509687
-
-
83-84
-
Cour, 83-84.
-
-
-
Cour1
-
41
-
-
0024931040
-
Airborne Toxins and the American House, 1865-1895
-
Gavin Townsend, "Airborne Toxins and the American House, 1865-1895,"Winterthur Portfolio 24 (1989): 29-42.
-
(1989)
Winterthur Portfolio
, vol.24
, pp. 29-42
-
-
Townsend, G.1
-
42
-
-
80051478016
-
-
Note
-
I do not intend to diminish the toxicity of asbestos and lead, which are serious problems in older structures. My point is that these materials were found in nature and did not constitute the structural components of a dwelling.
-
-
-
-
44
-
-
80051514287
-
-
Note
-
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., s.v. "Industrial Polymers";
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
85019076576
-
The Evolution of Networks in the Chemical Industry
-
ed. Louis Galambos, Takashi Hikino, and Vera Zamagni, Cambridge
-
Fabarizio Cesaroni, Alfonso Gambardella, and Myeriam Mariani, "The Evolution of Networks in the Chemical Industry," in The Global Chemical Industry in the Age of the Petrochemical Revolution, ed. Louis Galambos, Takashi Hikino, and Vera Zamagni (Cambridge, 2007), 33.
-
(2007)
The Global Chemical Industry In the Age of the Petrochemical Revolution
, pp. 33
-
-
Cesaroni, F.1
Gambardella, A.2
Mariani, M.3
-
51
-
-
80051539600
-
-
Note
-
Knight and Wulpi, 263-64; Meyer (n. 13 above), 30.
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
80051506306
-
-
Wood and Linn (n. 10 above)
-
Wood and Linn (n. 10 above), 28.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
80051521077
-
-
Ibid
-
Ibid., 77, 83-91.
-
, vol.77
, pp. 83-91
-
-
Meyer1
-
55
-
-
80051505953
-
-
Meyer, 29-31, 41-60.
-
-
-
Meyer1
-
56
-
-
80051498048
-
Wood Handbook:Wood as an EngineeringMaterial
-
Forest Products Laboratory, Agriculture Handbook no. 72, Forest Service, Washington, D.C
-
Forest Products Laboratory, "Wood Handbook:Wood as an EngineeringMaterial,"Agriculture Handbook no. 72, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (Washington, D.C., 1974), 9-13.
-
(1974)
U.S. Department of Agriculture
, pp. 9-13
-
-
-
57
-
-
80051485294
-
-
Note
-
Meyer, 31-32;Wood and Linn, 88-90.
-
-
-
-
58
-
-
80051524922
-
-
Note
-
Forest Products Laboratory, 9-3 to 9-6; Meyer, 31.
-
-
-
-
59
-
-
80051534045
-
Trends in Housing during theWar and Postwar Periods
-
"Trends in Housing during theWar and Postwar Periods," Monthly Labor Review 64 (1947): 14.
-
(1947)
Monthly Labor Review
, vol.64
, pp. 14
-
-
-
60
-
-
80051530575
-
-
Note
-
Rome (n. 6 above), 35.
-
-
-
-
61
-
-
80051537555
-
-
Guthrie and Armstrong (n. 9 above)
-
Guthrie and Armstrong (n. 9 above), 131, 145.
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
80051513924
-
The Ve-neer and Plywood Industry: Above-Average Productivity Gains
-
Mary Robinson Farris, "The Ve-neer and Plywood Industry: Above-Average Productivity Gains," Monthly Labor Review 101 (1978): 26.
-
(1978)
Monthly Labor Review
, vol.101
, pp. 26
-
-
Farris, M.R.1
-
63
-
-
80051523860
-
Plywood Industry Aims to Double Its Sales in Next 10 Years
-
Quote in, 19 December
-
Quote in "Plywood Industry Aims to Double Its Sales in Next 10 Years," American Lumberman and Building Products Merchandiser, 19 December 1960, 32.
-
(1960)
American Lumberman and Building Products Merchandiser
, pp. 32
-
-
-
64
-
-
80051523171
-
-
Note
-
In 1954, a peak year, a hundred plants produced over 3.9 billion feet of Douglas fir plywood.
-
-
-
-
65
-
-
80051481226
-
-
see Cour (n. 9 above)
-
see Cour (n. 9 above), 140.
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
80051509006
-
-
Note
-
In an average house built in 1950, lumber constituted 8.95 board feet of the finished floor area, while "structural panels" (i.e., softwood plywood) averaged 1.70 board feet. By 1992, as house sizes increased, single-family houses used an average of 8.09 board feet of lumber and 4.61 board feet of softwood plywood.
-
-
-
-
67
-
-
0040847904
-
Wood Products Used in New Single-Family House Construction: 1950 to 1992
-
See
-
See David B. McKeever and Robert B. Phelps, "Wood Products Used in New Single-Family House Construction: 1950 to 1992," Forest Products Journal 44 (1994): 71-72, 73.
-
(1994)
Forest Products Journal
, vol.44
-
-
McKeever, D.B.1
Phelps, R.B.2
-
68
-
-
80051516565
-
-
Meyer (n. 13 above)
-
Meyer (n. 13 above), 76-80.
-
-
-
-
69
-
-
80051499780
-
Home Buyers Hear of Plywood Uses
-
1May
-
Mary Roche," Home Buyers Hear of Plywood Uses," New York Times, 1May 1945.
-
(1945)
New York Times
-
-
Roche, M.1
-
70
-
-
80051540842
-
Levittown, Pa., Gets New Type Plywood
-
1 December
-
"Levittown, Pa., Gets New Type Plywood," New York Times, 1 December 1951.
-
(1951)
New York Times
-
-
-
71
-
-
80051499063
-
-
United States Plywood Corporation, located in Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina; Guthrie and Armstrong
-
United States Plywood Corporation, "Weldwood Sales Manual" (1952), A2, located in Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina; Guthrie and Armstrong, 148-49.
-
(1952)
Weldwood Sales Manual
, pp. 148-149
-
-
-
72
-
-
80051502868
-
U.S. plywood claims particle board output lead
-
20 May
-
"U.S. Plywood Claims Particle Board Output Lead," New York Times, 20 May 1961.
-
(1961)
New York Times
-
-
-
73
-
-
80051517543
-
New Plywood Offered
-
17 May
-
"New Plywood Offered," New York Times, 17 May 1953.
-
(1953)
New York Times
-
-
-
74
-
-
80051502484
-
Wood in a New Form
-
2 September
-
"Wood in a New Form," New York Times, 2 September 1956.
-
(1956)
New York Times
-
-
-
76
-
-
80051537227
-
Build Better for Less
-
March
-
"Build Better for Less," House and Home,March 1962, 181.
-
(1962)
House and Home
, pp. 181
-
-
-
77
-
-
80051484958
-
58-'68:Wonders to Come
-
February
-
"'58-'68:Wonders to Come," Harper's Bazaar, February 1958, 166.
-
(1958)
Harper's Bazaar
, pp. 166
-
-
-
78
-
-
80051524934
-
Industrialization
-
March
-
"Industrialization," House and Home,March 1962, 189.
-
(1962)
House and Home
, pp. 189
-
-
-
79
-
-
80051520052
-
-
Note
-
In 1949 trailers and mobile homes constituted 4.5 percent of all housing starts, while in 1958 this figure jumped to 11.1 percent. In 1969 48 percent of all new houses were mobile homes, making up 94 percent of dwellings under $15,000, 79 percent of those under $20,000, and 67 percent of those under $25,000.
-
-
-
-
80
-
-
80051479768
-
Americans Taking to Mobile Homes
-
See, 24 July
-
See Alexander R. Hammer, "Americans Taking to Mobile Homes," New York Times, 24 July 1960.
-
(1960)
New York Times
-
-
Hammer, A.R.1
-
81
-
-
80051536530
-
From 'Tin Can On Wheels' to the 'Mobile Home
-
9 May
-
Douglas E. Kneeland, "From 'Tin Can On Wheels' to the 'Mobile Home,"' New York Times, 9 May 1971.
-
(1971)
New York Times
-
-
Kneeland, D.E.1
-
84
-
-
80051495007
-
Fire Perils Seen in Mobile Homes
-
17 November
-
Frances Cerra, "Fire Perils Seen in Mobile Homes," New York Times, 17 November 1974.
-
(1974)
New York Times
-
-
Cerra, F.1
-
85
-
-
80051542199
-
-
Wallis
-
Wallis, 6-9.
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
80051525979
-
Daley, "Profiles in Safety and Health: Work Hazards of Mobile Homes
-
Hammer
-
Martin E. Personick and Judy R. Daley, "Profiles in Safety and Health: Work Hazards of Mobile Homes," Monthly Labor Review 112 (1989), 16. Hammer.
-
(1989)
Monthly Labor Review
, vol.112
, pp. 16
-
-
Personick, M.E.1
Judy, R.2
-
87
-
-
80051490509
-
Trailers Become More Elaborate
-
2 February
-
"Trailers Become More Elaborate," New York Times, 2 February 1964.
-
(1964)
New York Times
-
-
-
88
-
-
80051502548
-
-
Wallis
-
Wallis, 114-16, 164.
-
-
-
-
89
-
-
80051541184
-
Evaluation of the Use of Wood Products in Mobile Home Manufacture
-
Clyde A. Fasick, H. Edward Dickerhoff, and J. Dewel Lawrence, "Evaluation of the Use of Wood Products in Mobile Home Manufacture," Forest Products Journal 26 (1973): 6.
-
(1973)
Forest Products Journal
, vol.26
, pp. 6
-
-
Fasick, C.A.1
Edward, D.H.2
Dewel, L.J.3
-
90
-
-
80051522510
-
-
Kneeland
-
Kneeland.
-
-
-
-
91
-
-
80051523510
-
-
Note
-
The median price for a new single-family residence jumped from $18,900 in 1964 to over $21,000 in 1966, with few houses priced less than $12,500.
-
-
-
-
92
-
-
80051485988
-
The Low-Cost Housing Market
-
See
-
See Dorothy K. Newman, "The Low-Cost Housing Market," Monthly Labor Review 89 (1966): 1363.
-
(1966)
Monthly Labor Review
, vol.89
, pp. 1363
-
-
Newman, D.K.1
-
93
-
-
85044814009
-
Mobile Homes: Instant Suburbia or Transportable Slums?
-
Robert Mills French and Jeffrey K. Hadden, "Mobile Homes: Instant Suburbia or Transportable Slums?" Social Problems 16 (1968): 220.
-
(1968)
Social Problems
, vol.16
, pp. 220
-
-
French, R.M.1
Hadden, J.K.2
-
94
-
-
85007232802
-
An Analysis of the Distribution and Characteristics of Mobile Homes in America
-
Robert Mills French and Jeffrey K. Hadden, "An Analysis of the Distribution and Characteristics of Mobile Homes in America," Land Economics 41 (1965): 136.
-
(1965)
Land Economics
, vol.41
, pp. 136
-
-
French, R.M.1
Hadden, J.K.2
-
95
-
-
84972730317
-
Working-Class Home Ownership in the AmericanMetropolis
-
Richard Harris, "Working-Class Home Ownership in the AmericanMetropolis," Journal of Urban History 17 (1990): 46-96.
-
(1990)
Journal of Urban History
, vol.17
, pp. 46-96
-
-
Harris, R.1
-
97
-
-
84948524000
-
The Behavior and Values of Skilled Workers
-
ed. Arthur B. Shostak and William Gomberg (Englewood Cliffs, N.J
-
Richard F. Hamilton, "The Behavior and Values of Skilled Workers," in Blue-CollarWorld: Studies of the AmericanWorker, ed. Arthur B. Shostak and William Gomberg (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1964).
-
(1964)
Blue-CollarWorld: Studies of the AmericanWorker
-
-
Hamilton, R.F.1
-
98
-
-
80051534047
-
-
Kneeland (n. 35 above)
-
Kneeland (n. 35 above).
-
-
-
-
99
-
-
80051504505
-
-
French and Hadden
-
French and Hadden, "Mobile Homes," 222-23.
-
Mobile Homes
, pp. 222-223
-
-
-
100
-
-
80051540680
-
Sharp Gains Made by 'Mobile' Homes
-
11 October
-
Alexander R. Hammer, "Sharp Gains Made by 'Mobile' Homes," New York Times, 11 October 1964.
-
(1964)
New York Times
-
-
Hammer, A.R.1
-
101
-
-
80051488135
-
-
Alley Case (n. 1 above)
-
Alley Case (n. 1 above), vol. 16, 655-69.
-
, vol.16
, pp. 655-669
-
-
-
102
-
-
80051535105
-
Mobile-Home Regulation Backed
-
7 October
-
"Mobile-Home Regulation Backed," New York Times, 7 October 1979.
-
(1979)
New York Times
-
-
-
103
-
-
80051512075
-
Mobile Homes Growing Up
-
22 May
-
Stan Luxenberg, "Mobile Homes Growing Up," New York Times, 22 May 1977.
-
(1977)
New York Times
-
-
Luxenberg, S.1
-
104
-
-
80051489472
-
-
Wallis (n. 35 above)
-
Wallis (n. 35 above), 14-16.
-
-
-
-
106
-
-
80051510074
-
-
Note
-
In the 1960s 60 percent of mobile home residents worked in blue-collar jobs, while only 13 percent held white-collar employment. The rest were retired or unemployed. Predominantly childless-being either young married couples or retirees-mobile home residents lived in suburban trailer parks mostly in the West and Sunbelt region.
-
-
-
-
109
-
-
80051491226
-
-
Alley Case
-
Alley Case, vol. 16, 680.
-
, vol.16
, pp. 680
-
-
-
110
-
-
80051512762
-
-
Alley Case
-
Alley Case, vol. 14, 208, 223.
-
, vol.14
-
-
-
111
-
-
80051482266
-
-
Alley Case
-
Alley Case, vol. 15, 438-45, 469.
-
, vol.15
-
-
-
112
-
-
80051492540
-
-
Rome (n. 6 above)
-
Rome (n. 6 above).
-
-
-
-
113
-
-
80051480824
-
Chipboard-Formaldehyde
-
Environmental Research Laboratory, University of Washington
-
Peter A. Breysse, "Chipboard-Formaldehyde," Occupational Health Newsletter, Environmental Research Laboratory, University of Washington, 10 (1961): 1-4.
-
(1961)
Occupational Health Newsletter
, vol.10
, pp. 1-4
-
-
Breysse, P.A.1
-
114
-
-
0016816722
-
Indoor Air Pollution Due to Chipboard Used as a Construction Material
-
Andersen, G. R. Lundqvist, and L. Molhave, "Indoor Air Pollution Due to Chipboard Used as a Construction Material," Atmospheric Environment 9 (1975): 1121-27.
-
(1975)
Atmospheric Environment
, vol.9
, pp. 1121-1127
-
-
Andersen, G.R.L.1
Molhave, L.2
-
115
-
-
80051535106
-
Health Agency in Study
-
10 August
-
Isadore Barmash," Health Agency in Study," New York Times, 10 August 1966.
-
(1966)
New York Times
-
-
Barmash, I.1
-
116
-
-
80051520033
-
Christmas Trees Vex the Allergic
-
25 December
-
Jane E. Brody, "Christmas Trees Vex the Allergic," New York Times, 25 December 1971.
-
(1971)
New York Times
-
-
Brody, J.E.1
-
117
-
-
80051479415
-
-
Note
-
Brody's was one of the earliest articles to describe the condition of being "allergic to modern living."
-
-
-
-
118
-
-
84944661906
-
Toxicology of Urea Formaldehyde and Polyurethane Foam Insulation
-
16 January
-
John C. Harris, Barry H. Rumack, and Franklin D. Aldrich, "Toxicology of Urea Formaldehyde and Polyurethane Foam Insulation," JAMA 245 (16 January 1981): 243-46.
-
(1981)
JAMA
, vol.245
, pp. 243-246
-
-
Harris, J.C.1
Rumack, B.H.2
Aldrich, F.D.3
-
119
-
-
80051507620
-
Formaldehyde: A Workhorse Chemical Faces Bans
-
4 October
-
Philip Shenon, "Formaldehyde: A Workhorse Chemical Faces Bans," New York Times, 4 October 1981.
-
(1981)
New York Times
-
-
Shenon, P.1
-
120
-
-
80051523158
-
-
Harris, Rumack, and Aldrich
-
Harris, Rumack, and Aldrich, 244.
-
-
-
-
121
-
-
0020566062
-
A Review of the Health Effects of Energy Conserving Materials
-
Lester Levin and P. Walton Purdom, "A Review of the Health Effects of Energy Conserving Materials," American Journal of Public Health 73 (1983): 683-90.
-
(1983)
American Journal of Public Health
, vol.73
, pp. 683-690
-
-
Levin, L.1
Walton, P.P.2
-
122
-
-
80051521423
-
-
Hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, 97th Cong., 2nd sess., 20 May, (Washington, D.C., 1983), 88 (hereafter Hearing on Formaldehyde)
-
"Formaldehyde: Review of Scientific Basis of EPA's Carcinogenic Risk Assessment," Hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, 97th Cong., 2nd sess., 20 May 1982 (Washington, D.C., 1983), 88 (hereafter Hearing on Formaldehyde).
-
(1982)
Formaldehyde: Review of Scientific Basis of EPA's Carcinogenic Risk Assessment
-
-
-
123
-
-
80051537543
-
-
Note
-
In 1982 the Consumer Product Safety Commission voted to ban UFFI. however, in the following year an appellate court overturned the ban, and the Reagan Justice Department prevented the commission from challenging the court's decision. Although the foam remained legal its notoriety killed the UFFI business.
-
-
-
-
124
-
-
80051480129
-
Product Safety Agency Bans Use of Formaldehyde Foam Insulation
-
See, 23 February
-
See Michael de-Courcy Hinds, "Product Safety Agency Bans Use of Formaldehyde Foam Insulation," New York Times, 23 February 1982.
-
(1982)
New York Times
-
-
Hinds, M.D.1
-
125
-
-
80051523157
-
Foam Insulation Is Cleared of Ban
-
26 August
-
David Shribman, "Foam Insulation Is Cleared of Ban," New York Times, 26 August 1983.
-
(1983)
New York Times
-
-
Shribman, D.1
-
126
-
-
0004309502
-
-
For an in-depth look at the politics of formaldehyde, see, and Center for Public Integrity, Monroe, Me
-
For an in-depth look at the politics of formaldehyde, see Dan Fagin, Marianne Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity, Toxic Deception: How the Chemical Industry Manipulates Science, Bends the Law, and Endangers Your Health (Monroe, Me., 1999).
-
(1999)
Toxic Deception: How the Chemical Industry Manipulates Science, Bends the Law, and Endangers Your Health
-
-
Fagin, D.1
Lavelle, M.2
-
128
-
-
80051535432
-
-
Note
-
For instance, a National Cancer Institute study recently determined that workers in plants that manufactured formaldehyde and formaldehyde resins had a higher risk of developing blood and lymphatic cancers. The Formaldehyde Council, a trade group, denied that this proved that formaldehyde caused cancer and called for a "full scientific review of the health effects of formaldehyde".
-
-
-
-
129
-
-
80051484957
-
Cancer Research Finds Risk in High Levels of Exposure to Formaldehyde
-
see, 13 May
-
see Roni Caryn Rabin, "Cancer Research Finds Risk in High Levels of Exposure to Formaldehyde," New York Times, 13 May 2009.
-
(2009)
New York Times
-
-
Rabin, R.C.1
-
131
-
-
80051482604
-
Formaldehyde in Conventional and Mobile Homes
-
Peter A. Breysse, "Formaldehyde in Conventional and Mobile Homes," Environmental Health and Safety 26 (1977): 1-17.
-
(1977)
Environmental Health and Safety
, vol.26
, pp. 1-17
-
-
Breysse, P.A.1
-
132
-
-
0018837180
-
Formaldehyde in the Home: Some Environmental Disease Perspectives
-
Vincent Garry, Laura Oatman, Richard Pleus, and David Gray, "Formaldehyde in the Home: Some Environmental Disease Perspectives," Minnesota Medicine 63 (1980): 107-11.
-
(1980)
Minnesota Medicine
, vol.63
, pp. 107-111
-
-
Garry, V.1
Oatman, L.2
Pleus, R.3
Gray, D.4
-
134
-
-
0021860789
-
Formaldehyde Complaint Investigations in Mobile Homes by the Texas Department of Health
-
S.W. Norsted, C. A. Kozinetz, and J. F. Annegers, "Formaldehyde Complaint Investigations in Mobile Homes by the Texas Department of Health," Environmental Research 37 (1985): 93-100.
-
(1985)
Environmental Research
, vol.37
, pp. 93-100
-
-
Norsted, S.W.1
Kozinetz, C.A.2
Annegers, J.F.3
-
135
-
-
0023117281
-
Formaldehyde-Related Health Complaints of Residents Living in Mobile and Conventional Homes
-
Ingrid Ritchie and Robert Lehnen, "Formaldehyde-Related Health Complaints of Residents Living in Mobile and Conventional Homes," American Journal of Public Health 77 (1987): 323-28.
-
(1987)
American Journal of Public Health
, vol.77
, pp. 323-328
-
-
Ritchie, I.1
Lehnen, R.2
-
136
-
-
0032931779
-
Emission Rates of Formaldehyde from Materials and Consumer Products Found in California Homes
-
Thomas Kelly, Deborah Smith, and Jan Satola, "Emission Rates of Formaldehyde from Materials and Consumer Products Found in California Homes," Environmental Science and Technology 33 (1999): 81-88.
-
(1999)
Environmental Science and Technology
, vol.33
, pp. 81-88
-
-
Kelly, T.1
Smith, D.2
Satola, J.3
-
137
-
-
0024602064
-
Is Particle Board in the Home Detrimental to Health?
-
Peder Daugbjerg, "Is Particle Board in the Home Detrimental to Health?" Environmental Research 48 (1989): 161-62.
-
(1989)
Environmental Research
, vol.48
, pp. 161-162
-
-
Daugbjerg, P.1
-
144
-
-
80051504171
-
-
Levin and Purdom (n. 49 above)
-
Levin and Purdom (n. 49 above), 687.
-
-
-
-
145
-
-
80051520032
-
-
Ritchie and Lehnen (n. 51 above)
-
Ritchie and Lehnen (n. 51 above), 324-27.
-
-
-
-
146
-
-
0033788157
-
Indoor Air Effects after Building Renovation and in Manufactured Homes
-
Kaye H. Kilburn, "Indoor Air Effects after Building Renovation and in Manufactured Homes," American Journal of the Medical Sciences 320 (2000): 253.
-
(2000)
American Journal of the Medical Sciences
, vol.320
, pp. 253
-
-
Kilburn, K.H.1
-
147
-
-
80051498725
-
Built-in Fumes Plague Homes
-
7 May
-
Ann Crittenden, "Built-in Fumes Plague Homes," New York Times, 7 May 1978.
-
(1978)
New York Times
-
-
Crittenden, A.1
-
148
-
-
80051542192
-
-
Harris, Rumack, and Aldrich (n. 48 above)
-
Harris, Rumack, and Aldrich (n. 48 above), 244.
-
-
-
-
149
-
-
80051540679
-
-
Daugbjerg (n. 52 above)
-
Daugbjerg (n. 52 above), 161.
-
-
-
-
150
-
-
80051506290
-
-
Garry, Oatman, Pleus, and Gray (n. 51 above)
-
Garry, Oatman, Pleus, and Gray (n. 51 above), 108-10.
-
-
-
-
151
-
-
80051503528
-
-
Ritchie and Lehnen
-
Ritchie and Lehnen, 324-27
-
-
-
-
153
-
-
80051494659
-
-
Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc, Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (Washington, D.C
-
Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc., "An Evaluation of Formaldehyde Problems in Residential Mobile Homes," Office of Policy Development and Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (Washington, D.C., 1980), 45.
-
(1980)
An Evaluation of Formaldehyde Problems In Residential Mobile Homes
, pp. 45
-
-
-
154
-
-
80051513228
-
-
Note
-
The symptoms experienced were that infants vomited and experienced diarrhea, and old people and babies developed rashes more than middle-aged occupants. Asthmatics reacted to formaldehyde at lower levels.
-
-
-
-
157
-
-
80051522159
-
-
Note
-
For the report on infant deaths see Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc., 49.
-
-
-
-
158
-
-
0023030582
-
Formaldehyde and cancers of the pharynx, sinus and nasal cavity: I. occupational exposures
-
Thomas L. Vaughan, Clifton Strader, Scott Davis, and Janet R. Daling, "Formaldehyde and Cancers of the Pharynx, Sinus and Nasal Cavity: I. Occupational Exposures," International Journal of Cancer 38 (1986): 681-83
-
(1986)
International Journal of Cancer
, vol.38
, pp. 681-683
-
-
Vaughan, T.L.1
Strader, C.2
Davis, S.3
Daling, J.R.4
-
159
-
-
84901959133
-
The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Formaldehyde
-
Peter A. Breysse, "The Immediate and Long-Term Effects of Formaldehyde," Comments on Toxicology 3 (1988): 151.
-
(1988)
Comments On Toxicology
, vol.3
, pp. 151
-
-
Breysse, P.A.1
-
160
-
-
80051504822
-
-
I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 18May 1982, in Hearing on Formaldehyde (n. 49 above)
-
I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., 18May 1982, in Hearing on Formaldehyde (n. 49 above), 283-84.
-
-
-
-
161
-
-
80051534046
-
Formaldehyde in Indoor Air: Toxicity and Risk
-
A. G. Ulsamer, K. C. Gupta, M. S. Cohn, and P.W. Preuss, "Formaldehyde in Indoor Air: Toxicity and Risk," in Hearing on Formaldehyde, 392-99.
-
Hearing On Formaldehyde
, pp. 392-399
-
-
Ulsamer, A.G.1
Gupta, K.C.2
Cohn, M.S.3
Preuss, P.W.4
-
162
-
-
0023001845
-
Formaldehyde and cancers of the pharynx, sinus and nasal cavity: II. residential exposures
-
Thomas L. Vaughan, Clifton Strader, Scott Davis, and Janet R. Daling, "Formaldehyde and Cancers of the Pharynx, Sinus and Nasal Cavity: II. Residential Exposures," International Journal of Cancer 38 (1986): 687-88.
-
(1986)
International Journal of Cancer
, vol.38
, pp. 687-688
-
-
Vaughan, T.L.1
Strader, C.2
Davis, S.3
Janet, R.D.4
-
163
-
-
80051534731
-
-
Note
-
Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc., 45.
-
-
-
-
164
-
-
80051507927
-
Formaldehyde Found a Cancer Hazard
-
17 April
-
Philip Shabecoff, "Formaldehyde Found a Cancer Hazard," New York Times, 17 April 1987.
-
(1987)
New York Times
-
-
Shabecoff, P.1
-
165
-
-
25844483804
-
Meeting Report: Summary of IARCMonographs on Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-Propanol
-
Vincent James Cogliano et al., "Meeting Report: Summary of IARCMonographs on Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-Butoxy-2-Propanol," Environmental Health Perspectives 113 (2005): 3.
-
(2005)
Environmental Health Perspectives
, vol.113
, pp. 3
-
-
Cogliano, V.J.1
-
166
-
-
80051495677
-
-
Note
-
For the best review of the research on formaldehyde's potential carcinogenicity as of 1982, see the entire testimony given at the Hearing on Formaldehyde. The hearing occurred in 1982 after the Reagan administration's EPA refused to consider the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, which the Toxic Substances Act required it to do.
-
-
-
-
167
-
-
80051483260
-
-
Note
-
In 1974 a single-wide mobile home contained a 918-square-foot surface measure of particleboard and 1,997-square-foot surface measure of hardwood plywood.
-
-
-
-
168
-
-
0022013507
-
Factors that Influence Formaldehyde Air Levels in Mobile Homes
-
see
-
see William J. Groah, Gary D. Gramp, Scott B. Garrison, and Richard J. Walcott, "Factors that Influence Formaldehyde Air Levels in Mobile Homes," Forest Products Journal 35 (1985): 11.
-
(1985)
Forest Products Journal
, vol.35
, pp. 11
-
-
Groah, W.J.1
Gramp, G.D.2
Garrison, S.B.3
Walcott, R.J.4
-
169
-
-
80051509346
-
-
Fasick, Dickerhoff, and Lawrence (n. 38 above)
-
Fasick, Dickerhoff, and Lawrence (n. 38 above), 11.
-
-
-
-
170
-
-
80051489148
-
-
Norsted, Kozinetz, and Annegers (n. 51 above)
-
Norsted, Kozinetz, and Annegers (n. 51 above), 99.
-
-
-
-
171
-
-
80051488119
-
-
Note
-
Studies showed that people could perceive formaldehyde in amounts as low as 0.05-0.1 ppm; at 20 ppm, humans reached their maximum tolerance to the gas. In 1980 OSHA set a standard of 3 ppm for workplaces, but the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended a limit of 0.1 ppm. Thus an internal environment of 8 ppm was potentially very harmful.
-
-
-
-
172
-
-
80051506289
-
-
See Garry, Oatman, Pleus, and Gray (n. 51 above)
-
See Garry, Oatman, Pleus, and Gray (n. 51 above), 108.
-
-
-
-
173
-
-
0020644836
-
Indoor Air Pollution: A Public Health Perspective
-
1 July
-
John D. Spengler and Ken Sexton, "Indoor Air Pollution: A Public Health Perspective," Science 221 (1 July 1983): 13.
-
(1983)
Science
, vol.221
, pp. 13
-
-
Spengler, J.D.1
Sexton, K.2
-
174
-
-
80051536149
-
-
Levin and Purdom (n. 49 above)
-
Levin and Purdom (n. 49 above), 324.
-
-
-
-
175
-
-
80051485293
-
-
Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc. (n. 59 above)
-
Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc. (n. 59 above), viii.
-
-
-
-
176
-
-
80051481209
-
-
Garry, Oatman, Pleus, and Gray
-
Garry, Oatman, Pleus, and Gray, 107.
-
-
-
-
177
-
-
80051481910
-
Formaldehyde Suits Erupt
-
10 May
-
David Ranii, "Formaldehyde Suits Erupt," National Law Journal 4 (10 May 1982): 31.
-
(1982)
National Law Journal
, vol.4
, pp. 31
-
-
Ranii, D.1
-
178
-
-
80051505164
-
-
Note
-
Geomet Inc. and Technology and Economics Inc., 49.
-
-
-
-
179
-
-
80051498725
-
Built-In Fumes Plague Homes
-
7 May
-
Ann Crittenden, "Built-In Fumes Plague Homes," New York Times, 7 May 1978.
-
(1978)
New York Times
-
-
Crittenden, A.1
-
180
-
-
80051530566
-
Insulation Lawsuits Abound
-
25 May
-
Tamar Lewin, "Insulation Lawsuits Abound," New York Times, 25 May 1982.
-
(1982)
New York Times
-
-
Lewin, T.1
-
181
-
-
80051517873
-
Pressed-Wood Products: New Target for Safety Commission
-
23 January
-
Michael deCourcy Hinds, "Pressed-Wood Products: New Target for Safety Commission," New York Times, 23 January 1983.
-
(1983)
New York Times
-
-
Hinds, M.C.1
-
182
-
-
80051543656
-
-
Fagin, Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity (n. 50 above)
-
Fagin, Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity (n. 50 above), 151-55, 159.
-
-
-
-
183
-
-
80051502478
-
-
Note
-
Fagin, Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity note that the courts shut down a New York class-action suit that included 70,000 people (89).
-
-
-
-
184
-
-
80051524921
-
Formaldehyde Damages Won
-
See also, 1 September
-
See also Norsted, Kozinetz, and Howard Pankratz, "Formaldehyde Damages Won," Denver Post, 1 September 1982.
-
(1982)
Denver Post
-
-
Norsted, K.1
Pankratz, H.2
-
185
-
-
80051496007
-
-
Note
-
Nervous defendants began to settle with plaintiffs out of court, giving up about $1 million in awards, but confidentiality agreements and few jury trials ensured that individuals fought the same battle with formaldehyde purveyors over and over again.
-
-
-
-
186
-
-
80051490875
-
-
Note
-
I gleaned the Alleys' story from scattered testimony from the couple, their daughters, and friends.
-
-
-
-
187
-
-
80051543655
-
Denver Couple Gets $560,000 in Formaldehyde Fumes Case
-
see testimony throughout Alley Case (n. 1 above), 3 September
-
see testimony throughout Alley Case (n. 1 above). "Denver Couple Gets $560,000 in Formaldehyde Fumes Case," New York Times, 3 September 1982.
-
(1982)
New York Times
-
-
-
188
-
-
80051503854
-
-
Pankratz
-
Pankratz.
-
-
-
-
189
-
-
80051528694
-
-
Alley Case
-
Alley Case, vol. 14, 214.
-
, vol.14
, pp. 214
-
-
-
191
-
-
80051539589
-
-
Alley v. Gubser Development Co.," 785 Federal Reporter, 2d series, 849-57 (United States Court of Appeals, 10th Circuit, 3 March
-
"Alley v. Gubser Development Co.," 785 Federal Reporter, 2d series, 849-57 (United States Court of Appeals, 10th Circuit, 3 March 1986).
-
(1986)
-
-
-
192
-
-
80051540312
-
-
See, and Center for Public Integrity for more information about the politics of formaldehyde warnings on plywood and particleboard
-
See Fagin, Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity for more information about the politics of formaldehyde warnings on plywood and particleboard.
-
-
-
Fagin, L.1
-
193
-
-
80051489147
-
-
Alley Case
-
Alley Case, vol. 16, 765, 793.
-
, vol.16
-
-
-
195
-
-
80051482264
-
-
Fagin, Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity
-
Fagin, Lavelle, and Center for Public Integrity, 163.
-
-
-
-
197
-
-
80051502535
-
-
Spengler and Sexton (n. 66 above)
-
Spengler and Sexton (n. 66 above), 13.
-
-
-
-
198
-
-
0023327658
-
Effect of Ventilation and Loading Rates in Large Chamber Testing of Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Panels
-
William F. Lehmann, "Effect of Ventilation and Loading Rates in Large Chamber Testing of Formaldehyde Emissions from Composite Panels," Forest Products Journal 37 (1987): 31.
-
(1987)
Forest Products Journal
, vol.37
, pp. 31
-
-
Lehmann, W.F.1
-
199
-
-
0009437476
-
Initial Formaldehyde Emission Levels for Particleboard Manufactured in the United States
-
R. Margosian, "Initial Formaldehyde Emission Levels for Particleboard Manufactured in the United States," Forest Products Journal 40 (1990): 15.
-
(1990)
Forest Products Journal
, vol.40
, pp. 15
-
-
Margosian, R.1
-
200
-
-
80051508301
-
Plywood Emissions: Problem Continues
-
21 October
-
Plywood Emissions: Problem Continues, "New York Times, 21 October 1982.
-
(1982)
New York Times
-
-
-
201
-
-
80051540313
-
FEMA Faulted on Response to Risks in Storm Trailers
-
See also, 20 July
-
See also Jacqueline Palank, "FEMA Faulted on Response to Risks in Storm Trailers," New York Times, 20 July 2007.
-
(2007)
New York Times
-
-
Palank, J.1
-
202
-
-
80051481911
-
FEMA Runs for Cover
-
22 July
-
FEMA Runs for Cover," New York Times, 22 July 2007.
-
(2007)
New York Times
-
-
-
203
-
-
80051529516
-
Stalled Health Tests Leave Storm Trailers in Limbo
-
18 October
-
Ralph Blumenthal, Stalled Health Tests Leave Storm Trailers in Limbo," New York Times, 18 October 2007.
-
(2007)
New York Times
-
-
Blumenthal, R.1
-
204
-
-
80051540678
-
Gulf Coast: Report Issued on FEMA Trailers
-
4 March
-
Gulf Coast: Report Issued on FEMA Trailers," New York Times, 4 March 2008.
-
(2008)
New York Times
-
-
-
205
-
-
0001854082
-
The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature
-
ed. William Cronon, New York, quote on 89
-
William Cronon, The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature," in Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature, ed. William Cronon (New York, 1996), 84-90, quote on 89.
-
(1996)
Uncommon Ground: Toward Reinventing Nature
, pp. 84-90
-
-
Cronon, W.1
|