Robust face detection based on knowledge-directed specification of bottom-up saliency

ETRI Journal

Volumn 33, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 600-610

  Lee, Yu Bu ^a   Lee, Sukhan ^a  

^a Sungkyunkwan University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Bottom up saliency; Face detection; Goal specific visual attention; Knowledge directed specification

Indexed keywords

BOTTOM-UP SALIENCY; DETECTION RATES; EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION; FALSE POSITIVE RATES; HUMAN FACES; IMPORTANCE WEIGHTS; KNOWLEDGE-DIRECTED SPECIFICATION; PRIOR KNOWLEDGE; SALIENCY DETECTION; SCALE AND ROTATION; SKIN COLOR; SPECIFIC KNOWLEDGE; VISUAL ATTENTION; VISUAL STIMULUS; WINDOW SIZE;

SPECIFICATIONS;

FACE RECOGNITION;

EID: 80051537332     PISSN: 12256463     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4218/etrij.11.1510.0123     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. L. Paletta, E. Rome, and H. Buxton, "Attention Architectures for Machine Vision and Mobile Robots, " Neurobiology of Attention, New York: Academic Press, 2005, pp. 642-648.
2. L. Itti and C. Koch, "Computational Modeling of Visual Attention, " Nat. Rev. Neurosci., vol. 2, no. 3, 2001, pp. 194-203.
3. L. Itti, C. Koch, and E. Niebur, "A Model of Saliency Based Visual Attention for Rapid Scene Analysis, " IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 20, no. 1, 1998, pp. 1254-1259. (Pubitemid 128742001)
4. L. Itti and C. Koch, "A Saliency-Based Search Mechanism for Overt and Covert Shifts of Visual Attention, " Vis. Res., vol. 40, 2000, pp. 1489-1506. (Pubitemid 30216462)
5. L. Itti and P. Baldi, "Bayesian Surprise Attracts Human Attention, " Proc. NIPS, 2005, pp. 547-554.
6. D. Walther and C. Koch, "Modeling Attention to Salient Proto-objects, " Neural Netw., vol. 19, 2006, pp. 1395-1407. (Pubitemid 44708603)
7. D. Walther et al., "Attentional Selection for Object Recognition-A Gentle Way, " Lect. Notes Comput. Sci., vol. 2525, no. 1, 2002, pp. 472-479.
8. S. Frintrop, VOCUS: A Visual Attention System for Object Detection and Goal Directed Search, PhD thesis, University of Bonn, Germany, 2005.
9. D. Gao, V. Mahadevan, and N. Vasconcelos, "The Discriminant Centersurround Hypothesis for Bottom-Up Saliency, " NIPS, 2007.
10. V. Navalpakkam and L. Itti, "An Integrated Model of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Attention for Optimizing Detection Speed, " Proc. IEEE CVPR, vol. 2, 2006, pp. 2049-2056. (Pubitemid 44931567)
11. C. Papageorgiou and T. Poggio, "A Trainable System for Object Detection, " Int. J. Comput. Vision, vol. 38, no. 1, 2000, pp. 15-33.
12. H.A. Rowley, S. Baluja, and T. Kanade, "Neural Network Based Face Detection, " IEEE Trans. PAMI, vol. 20, no. 1, 1998, pp. 23-38. (Pubitemid 128741305)
13. H. Schneiderman and T. Kanade, "A Statistical Method for 3D Object Detection Applied to Faces and Cars, " Proc. IEEE CVPR, 2000, pp. 746-751.
14. P. Viola and M.J. Jones, "Robust Real-Time Face Detection, " Int. J. Computer Vision, vol. 57, no. 2, 2004, pp. 137-154.
15. P. Viola, M.J. Jones, and D. Snow, "Detecting Pedestrians Using Patterns of Motion and Appearance, " Int. J. Comput. Vision, vol. 63, no. 2, 2005, pp. 153-161. (Pubitemid 40536820)
16. V. Navalpakkam and L. Itti, "Sharing Resources: Buy Attention, Get Recognition, " Proc. Int. Workshop Attention Performance Comput. Vision, 2003.
17. O. Ramström and H. Christensen, "Object Detection Using Background Context, " Proc. Int. Conf. Pattern Recognition, 2004, pp. 45-48.
18. S. Choi, S. Ban, and M. Lee, "Biologically Motivated Visual Attention System Using Bottom-Up Saliency Map and Top Down Inhibition, " Neural Info. Process.-Lett. Review, vol. 2, no. 1, 2004, pp. 19-25.
19. K. Lee, H. Buxton, and J. Feng, "Selective Attention for Cue Guided Search Using a Spiking Neural Network, " Proc. Workshop Attention Performance Comput. Vision, 2003, pp. 55-63.
20. S.W. Ban, M. Lee, and H.S. Yang, "A Face Detection Using Biologically Motivated Bottom-Up Saliency Map Model and Top-Down Perception Model, " Neuro Comput., vol. 56, 2004, pp. 475-480.
21. N. Habili, C.C. Lim, and A. Moini, "Segmentation of the Face and Hands in Sign Language Video Sequences Using Color and Motion Cues, " IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. Video Technol., vol. 14, no. 8, 2004, pp. 1086-1097.
22. Intel Corporation. OpenCV: Open Source Computer Vision Library, http://www.intel.com/research/mrl/research/opencv/
23. R. Lienhart and J. Maydt, "An Extended Set of Haar-Like Features for Rapid Object Detection, " IEEE Conf. Image Process., vol. 1, 2002, pp. 900-903.
24. D. Bradley, "Profile Face Detection, " Intel Research Award Contest, 2003.
25. L. Feng and G. Michael, "Region Enhanced Scale-Invariant Saliency Detection, " IEEE Int. Conf. Multimedia Expo, 2006, pp. 1477-1480. (Pubitemid 46680006)
26. H. Li and K.N. Ngan, "Saliency Model Based Face Segmentation and Tracking in Head-and-Shoulder Video Sequences, " J. Visual Commun. Image Representation, vol. 19, no. 5, 2008, pp. 320-333.
27. V. Govindaraju, "Locating Human Faces in Photographs, " Int. J. Comput. Vision, vol. 19, no. 2, 1996, pp. 129-146. (Pubitemid 126713884)