Dopamine and vascular dynamics control: Present status and future perspectives

Current Neurovascular Research

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 246-257

  Tayebati, Seyed Khosrow ^a   Lokhandwala, Mustafa F ^b   Amenta, Francesco ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMERINO   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

Author keywords

Dopamine; Dopamine receptors; Heart; Hypertension; Kidney; Peripheral dopamine system

Indexed keywords

ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ALDOSTERONE ANTAGONIST; ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ANGIOTENSIN 2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; APOMORPHINE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM ANTAGONIST; CARMOXIROLE; CLONIDINE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; DOPAMINE; DOPAMINE 1 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 2 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 3 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 4 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE 5 RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR; DOPAMINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; FENOLDOPAM; G PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR; HYDRALAZINE; METHYLDOPA; NEUROTRANSMITTER; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM; POTASSIUM CHANNEL STIMULATING AGENT; RENIN INHIBITOR; RESERPINE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ADRENAL FUNCTION; BLOOD PRESSURE REGULATION; BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL; CORONARY BLOOD VESSEL; DIURESIS; DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM; DRUG MECHANISM; HEART MUSCLE CONTRACTILITY; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTENSION; IN VITRO STUDY; IN VIVO STUDY; KIDNEY BLOOD VESSEL; KIDNEY FUNCTION; MESENTERY BLOOD VESSEL; NATRIURESIS; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PENIS ERECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECEPTOR INTRINSIC ACTIVITY; REVIEW; SODIUM BALANCE; VASODILATATION;

EID: 80051499935     PISSN: 15672026     EISSN: 18755739     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/156720211796558032     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, Jaber M, Caron MG. Dopamine receptors: from struture to function. Physiol Rev 1998; 78(1): 189-225.
2. Sibley DR. New insights into dopaminergic receptor function using antisense and genetically altered animals. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1999; 39: 313-41. (Pubitemid 29222562)
3. Glickstein SB, Schmauss C. Dopamine receptor functions: lessons from knockout mice [corrected]. Pharmacol Ther 2001; 91(1): 63-83. (Pubitemid 33055774)
4. Jose PA, Eisner GM, Felder RA. Renal dopamine receptors in health and hypertension. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 80(2): 149-82. (Pubitemid 28498226)
5. Zeng C, Sanada H, Watanabe H, Eisner GM, Felder RA, Jose PA. Functional genomics of the dopaminergic system in hypertension. Physiol Genomics 2004 17; 19(3): 233-46.
6. Zeng C, Eisner GM, Felder RA, Jose PA. Dopamine receptor and hypertension. Curr Med Chem Cardiovasc Hematol Agents 2005 Jan; 3(1): 69-77. (Pubitemid 40057733)
7. Hussain T, Lokhandwala MF. Renal dopamine receptors and Hypertension. Exp Biol Med 2003; 228(2): 134-42. (Pubitemid 36187919)
8. Felder CC, McKelvey AM, Gitler MS, Eisner GM, Jose PA. Dopamine receptor subtypes in renal brush border and basolateral membrane. Kidney Int 1989; 36(2): 183-93. (Pubitemid 19202474)
9. Sokoloff P, Giros B, Martres MP, Bouthenet ML, Schwartz JC. Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel dopamine receptor (D3) as a target for neuroleptics. Nature 1990; 347(6289): 146-51.
10. Amenta F, Ricci A, Tayebati SK, Zaccheo D. The peripheral dopaminergic system: morphological analysis, functional and clinical applications. Ital J Anat Embryol 2002; 107(3): 145-67.
11. Lokhandwala MF, Amenta F. Anatomical distribution and function of dopamine receptors in the kidney. FASEB J 1991; 5(15): 3023-30. (Pubitemid 21892861)
12. Goldberg LI, Volkman PH, Kohli JD. A comparison of the vascular dopamine receptors with other dopamine receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 1978; 18: 57-79.
13. Li Z, Yu C, Han Y, Ren H, Shi W, Fu C, He D, Huang L, Yang C, Wang X, Zhou L, Asico LD, Zeng C, Jose PA. Inhibitory effect of D1-like and D3 dopamine receptors on norepinephrine-induced proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 294(6): H2761-8.
14. Amenta F, Collier WL, Ricci A. Autoradiographic localization of vascular dopamine receptors. Am J Hypertens 1990; 3(6 Pt 2): 34S-36S. (Pubitemid 20380217)
15. Jose PA, Raymond JR, Bates MD, Aperia A, Felder RA, Carey RM. The renal dopamine receptors. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992; 2(8): 1265-78.
16. Lokhandwala MF, Chen CJ. Peripheral dopamine receptors. In: Niznik HB, Ed. Dopamine Receptors and Transporters. New York: Marcel Dekker 1994; pp. 89-102.
17. Iimura O, Shimamoto K, Ura N. Dopaminergic activity and watersodium handling in the kidneys of essential hypertensive subjects: Is renal dopaminergic activity suppressed at the prehypertensive stage? J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 16 Suppl 7: S56-58S.
18. Felder RA, Sanada H, Xu J, Yu PY, Wang Z, Watanabe H, Asico LD, Wang W, Zheng S, Yamaguchi I, Williams SM, Gainer J, Brown NJ, Hazen-Martin D, Wong LJ, Robillard JE, Carey RM, Eisner GM, Jose PA. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 gene variants in human essential hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99(6): 3872-7. (Pubitemid 34252198)
19. Kuchel O, Shigetomi S. Defective dopamine generation from dihydroxyphenyl-alanine in stable essential hypertensive patients. Hypertension 1992; 19(6 Pt 2): 634-8.
20. Damasceno A, Santos A, Serrão P, Caupers P, Soares-da-Silva P, Polónia J. Deficiency of renal dopaminergic-dependent natriuretic response to acute sodium load in black salt-sensitive subjects in contrast to salt-resistant subjects. J Hypertens 1999; 17(12 Pt 2): 1995-2001. (Pubitemid 30345343)
21. Shimamoto K, Ura N, Nishimura M, Iimura O. Renal kallikreinkinin, prostaglandin E2 and dopamine systems in young normotensive subjects with a family history of essential hypertension. Am J Med Sci 1994; 307 Suppl 1: S70-S74. (Pubitemid 24063963)
22. Cheng HF, Becker BN, Harris RC. Dopamine decreases expression of type-1 angiotensin II receptors in renal proximal tubule. J Clin Invest 1996; 97(12): 2745-52. (Pubitemid 26197089)
23. Zhang MZ, Yao B, Fang X, Wang S, Smith JP, Harris RC. Intrarenal dopaminergic system regulates renin expression. Hypertension 2009; 53(3): 564-70.
24. Yamaguchi I, Yao L, Sanada H, Ozono R, et al. Dopamine D1 receptors and renin release in rat juxtaglomerular cells. Hypertension 1997; 29(4): 962-8. (Pubitemid 27152466)
25. Zhang M-Z, Yao B, Fang X, Wang, Smith JP, Harris RC. Intrarenal Dopaminergic System Regulates Renin Expression. Hypertension 2009; 53(3): 564-70.
26. Jose PA, Eisner GM, Felder RA. Regulation of Blood Pressure by Dopamine Receptors. Nephron Physiol 2003; 95(2): 19-27.
27. Sakamoto T, Chen C, Lokhandwala MF. Lack of renal dopamine production during acute volume expansion in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1994; 16(2): 197-206. (Pubitemid 24135711)
28. Ohbu K, Kaskel FJ, Kinoshita S, Felder RA. Dopamine-1 receptors in the proximal convoluted tubule of Dahl rats: defective coupling to adenylate cyclase. Am J Physiol 1995; 268(1 Pt 2): R231-5.
29. Nishi A, Bertorello AM, Aperia A. High salt diet down-regulates proximal tubule Na,K-ATPase activity in Dahl salt-resistant but not in Dahl salt-sensitive rats: evidence of defective dopamine regulation. Acta Physiol Scand 1992; 144(3): 263-7.
30. Nishi A, Eklof AC. BertorelloA, Aperia A. Dopamine regulation of renal Na,K-ATPase activity is lacking in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Hypertension 1993; 21(6 Pt 1): 767-71. (Pubitemid 23171638)
31. Stier CT Jr, Itskovitz HD, Chen YH. Urinary dopamine and sodium excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1993; 15(1): 105-23. (Pubitemid 23057331)
32. Banday AA, Lokhandwala MF. Dopamine receptors and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 10(4): 268-75.
33. Chen CJ, Lokhandwala MF. An impairment of tubular DA-1 receptor function as a causative factor for diminished natriuresis to volume expansion in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1992; 14(4): 615-28.
34. Kinoshita S, Sidhu A, Felder RA. Defective dopamine-1 receptor adenylate cyclase coupling in the proximal convoluted tubule from the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Clin Invest 1989; 84(6): 1849-56. (Pubitemid 20016190)
35. Hussain T, Lokhandwala MF. Renal dopamine-1 receptor coupling with Gs and Gq/11 proteins in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1997; 272(3 Pt 2): F339-46.
36. Uh M, White BH, Sidhu A. Alteration of association of agonistactivated renal D1(A) dopamine receptors with G proteins in proximal tubules of the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Hypertens 1998; 16(9): 1307-13. (Pubitemid 28408414)
37. Xu J, Li XX, Albrecht FE, Hopfer U, Carey RM, Jose PA. Dopamine1 receptor, Gsalpha, and Na+-H+ exchanger interactions in the kidney in hypertension. Hypertension 2000; 36(3): 395-9.
38. Ohbu K, Felder RA. Nephron specificity of dopamine receptor adenylyl cyclase defect in spontaneous hypertension. Am J Physiol 1993; 264(2 Pt 2): F274-9. (Pubitemid 23068485)
39. Felder RA, Kinoshita S, Ohbu K, et al. Organ specificity of the dopamine receptor/adenylyl cyclase coupling defect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1993; 264(4 Pt 2): R726-32. (Pubitemid 23123265)
40. Li XX, Xu J, Zheng S, Albrecht FE, et al. D1 dopamine receptor regulation of NHE3 during development in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 2001; 280(6): R1650-6.
41. Kansra V, Chen CJ, Lokhandwala MF. Dopamine fails to stimulate protein kinase C activity in renal proximal tubules of hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 1995; 17(5): 837-45.
42. Chen CJ, Beach RE, Lokhandwala MF. Dopamine fails to inhibit renal tubular sodium pump in hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1993; 21(3): 364-72. (Pubitemid 23065177)
43. Horiuchi A, Albrecht FE, Eisner GM, Jose PA, Felder RA. Renal dopamine receptors and pre- and post-cAMP-mediated Na+ transport defect in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 1992; 263(6 Pt 2): F1105-11. (Pubitemid 23019104)
44. Sidhu A, Vachvamichsanong P, Jose PA, Felder RA. Persistent defective coupling of dopamine-1 receptors to G proteins after solubilization from kidney proximal tubules of hypertensive rats. J Clin Invest 1992; 89(3): 789-93.
45. Vachvanichsannong P, Kimura K, Sidhu A. Differences in photolabeling of DA1 receptors in renal proximal tubules from normotensive rat and SHR. Am J Physiol 1995; 268(6 Pt 2): F1009-16.
46. Sela S, Sidhu A. Sulfhydryl groups of renal D1 dopamine receptors: differential sensitivity of receptors to N-ethylmaleimide in normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 1996; 14: 615-22.
47. Yu P, Asico LD, Eisner GM, Hopfer U, Felder RA, Jose PA. Renal protein phosphatase 2A activity and spontaneous hypertension in rats. Hypertension 2000; 36(6): 1053-8.
48. Albrecht FE, Drago J, Felder RA, Printz MP, Eisner GM, Robillard JE, Sibley DR, Westphal HJ, Jose PA. Role of the D1 dopamine receptor in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension. J Clin Invest 1996; 97(10): 2283-8.
49. Asico LD, Ladines C, Fuchs S, Accili D, Carey RM, Semeraro C, Pocchiari F, Felder RA, Eisner GM, Jose PA. Disruption of the dopamine D3 receptor gene produces renin-dependent hypertension. J Clin Invest 1998; 102(3): 493-8. (Pubitemid 28376151)
50. Li XX, Bek MJ, Asico LD, Low M, et al. Disruption of D2 dopamine receptor gene produces adrenergic and endothelin B (ETB) receptor-dependent hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol 2000; 11: A1763.
51. Ruilope L, Kjeldsen SE, de la Sierra A, Mancia G, Ruggenenti P, Stergiou GS, Bakris GL, Giles TD. The kidney and cardiovascular risk - implications for management: A consensus statement from the European Society of Hypertension. Blood Press 2007; 16(2): 72-9. (Pubitemid 47053774)
52. Erdine S, Aran SN. Current status of hypertension control around the world. Clin Exp Hypertens 2004 Oct-Nov; 26(7-8): 731-8. (Pubitemid 40129762)
53. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA 2003; 290(2): 199-206. (Pubitemid 37430058)
54. Meneton P, Jeunemaitre X, de Wardener HE, MacGregor GA. Links between dietary salt intake, renal salt handling, blood pressure, and cardiovascular diseases. Physiol Rev 2005; 85(2): 679-715. (Pubitemid 40404639)
55. Zeng C, Zhang M, Asico LD, Eisner GM, Jose PA. The dopaminergic system in hypertension. Clin Sci. (London) 2007; 112(12): 583-97. (Pubitemid 46849549)
56. Carey RM. Renal dopamine system: paracrine regulator of sodium homeostasis and blood pressure. Hypertension 2001; 38(3): 297-302. (Pubitemid 34225655)
57. Amenta F, Ricci A, Rossodivita I, Avola R, Tayebati SK. The dopaminergic system in hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2001; 23(1-2): 15-24 (Pubitemid 32183252)
58. Paravicini TM, Touyz RM. Redox signaling in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 71(2): 247-58.
59. Wilcox CS. Oxidative stress and nitric oxide deficiency in the kidney: A critical link to hypertension? Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 289(4): R913-35. (Pubitemid 41397037)
60. Dikalov S, Griendling KK, Harrison DG. Measurement of reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular studies. Hypertension 2007; 49(4): 717-27. (Pubitemid 351688335)
61. White BH, Sidhu A. Increased oxidative stress in renal proximal tubules of the spontaneously hypertensive rat: A mechanism for defective dopamine D1 receptor/G-protein coupling. J Hypertens 1998; 16(11): 1659-65. (Pubitemid 28515493)
62. Fardoun RZ, Asghar M, Lokhandwala M. Role of oxidative stress in defective renal dopamine D1 receptor-G protein coupling and function in old Fischer 344 rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006; 291(5): F945-51. (Pubitemid 44772027)
63. Marwaha A, Banday AA, Lokhandwala MF. Reduced renal dopamine D1 receptor function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 286(3): F451-7. (Pubitemid 38233637)
64. Zeng C, Villar VAM, Yu P, Zhou L, Jose PA. Reactive Oxygen Species and Dopamine Receptor Function in Essential Hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2009; 31(2): 156-78.
65. Sanada H, Jose PA, Hazen-Martin D, Yu PY, Bruns D, Phipps J, Carey RM, Felder R. Dopamine-1 receptor coupling defect in renal proximal tubule cells in hypertension. Hypertension 1999; 33(4): 1036-42. (Pubitemid 29186405)
66. Jose PA, Soares-da-Silva P, Eisner GM, Felder RA. Dopamine and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 in the kidney: role in blood pressure regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; 1802(12): 1259-67.
67. O'Connell DP, Ragsdale NV, Boyd DG, Felder RA, Carey RM. Differential human tubular responses to dopamine type 1 receptor stimulation are determined by blood pressure status. Hypertension 1997; 29(1 Pt 1): 115-22. (Pubitemid 27078351)
68. Sato M, Soma M, Nakayama T, Kanmatsuse K. Dopamine D1 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension. Hypertension 2000 Aug; 36(2): 183-6. (Pubitemid 30626986)
69. Felder RA, Sanada H, Xu J, et al. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 gene variants in human essential hypertension. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99(6): 3872-7.
70. Beige J, Bellmann A, Sharma AM, Geßner R. Ethnic Origin Determines the Impact of Genetic Variants in Dopamine Receptor Gene (DRD1) Concerning Essential Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2004; 17(12 Pt 1): 1184-7. (Pubitemid 40029418)
71. Felder CC, Albrecht FE, Campbell T, Eisner GM, Jose PA. cAmpindependent, G protein-linked inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange in renal brush border by D1 dopamine agonists. Am J Physiol. (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol) 1993; 264(6 Pt 2): F1032-7.
72. Yu PY, Eisner GM, Yamaguchi I, Mouradian MM, Felder RA, Jose PA. Dopamine D1 receptor regulation of Journal of Human Hypertension phospholipase C isoform. J Biol Chem 1996; 271(32): 19503-8. (Pubitemid 26271625)
73. Hansell P, Isaksson B, J́quist MS. Renal dopamine and noradrenaline excretion during CNS-induced natriuresis in spontaneously hypertensive rats: influence of dietary sodium. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168(1): 257-66. (Pubitemid 30128698)
74. Hussain T, Lokhandwala MF. Renal dopamine receptor function in hypertension. Hypertension 1998; 32(2): 187-97. (Pubitemid 28376472)
75. Aperia AC. Intrarenal dopamine: a key signal in the interactive regulation of sodium metabolism. Ann Rev Physiol 2000; 62: 621-47. (Pubitemid 30618277)
76. Lucas-Texeira V, Serrao MP, Soares-Da-Silva P. Effect of salt intake on jejunal dopamine, Na+,K+-ATPase activity and electrolyte transport. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168(1): 225-31. (Pubitemid 30128693)
77. Vieira-Coelho MA, Serrão P, Guimarães JT, Pestana M, Soares-da-Silva P. Concerted action of dopamine on renal and intestinal Na+- K+-ATPase in the rat remnant kidney. Am J Physiol. (Renal Physiol) 2000; 279(6): F1033-44.
78. Nowicki S, Kruse MS, Brismar H, Aperia A. Dopamine-induced translocation of protein kinase C isoforms visualized in renal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol. (Cell Physiol) 2000; 279(6): C1812-8.
79. Yao LP, Li XX, Yu PY, Xu J, Asico LD, Jose PA. Dopamine D1 receptor and protein kinase C isoforms in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1998; 32(6): 1049-53. (Pubitemid 29001435)
80. Rossi NF. Dopaminergic control of angiotensin II induced vasopressin secretion in vitro. Am J Physiol. (Endocrinol Metab) 1998; 275(4 Pt 1): E687-93.
81. Healy DP, Jayaraman G, Ashirova O. Chemical hypoxia-induced increases in dopamine D1 receptor mRNA in renal epithelial cells are mediated by nitric oxide. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168(1): 233-8. (Pubitemid 30128694)
82. Felder RA, Eisner GM, Jose PA. D1 dopamine receptor signaling defect in spontaneous hypertension. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168(1): 245-50. (Pubitemid 30128696)
83. Mertens IL, Van Gaal LF. Overweight, obesity, and blood pressure: the effects of modest weight reduction. Obesity Res 2000; 8(3): 270-8.
84. Wang GJ, Volkow ND, Logan J, Pappas NR, Wong CT, Zhu W, Netusil N, Fowler JS. Brain dopamine and obesity. Lancet 2001 3; 357(9253): 354-7. (Pubitemid 32128542)
85. Baptista T. Body weight gain induced by antipsychotic drugs: mechanisms and management. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999; 100(1): 3-16. (Pubitemid 29309192)
86. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, et al. Reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in humans are associated with increases in brain dopamine and occupancy of D2 receptors. J Pharm Exp Ther 1999; 291(1): 409-15. (Pubitemid 29451617)
87. Thomas GN, Tomlinson B, Critchley J. Modulation of blood pressure and obesity with the dopamine D2 receptor gene TaqI polymorphism. Hypertension 2000; 36(2): 177-82. (Pubitemid 30626985)
88. Hussain T, Begheray SA, Lokhandwala MF. Defective dopamine receptor function in proximal tubules of obese Zucker rats. Hypertension 1999; 34(5): 1091-6.
89. Lokhandwala MF, Hussain T. Defective renal dopamine D1-like receptor signal transduction in obese hypertensive rats. Acta Physiol Scand 2000; 168(1): 251-5. (Pubitemid 30128697)
90. Martin G, Forte P, Luchsinger A, et al. Effect of intravenous dopamine on blood pressure and plasma insulin in hypertensive patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 45(6): 503-5. (Pubitemid 24036926)
91. Jose PA, Asico LD, Eisner GM, Pocchiari F, Semeraro C, Felder RA.Effects of costimulation of dopamine D1- and D2-like receptors on renal function. Am J Physiol. (Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol) 1998; 275(4 Pt 2): R986-94.
92. Nagahama S, Ann HS, Chen Y-F, Lindheimer MD, Oparil S. Role of vasopressin in the cardiovascular effects of LY171555, a selective dopamine D2 receptor agonist: studies in conscious Brattleboro and Long-Evans rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 242(1): 143-51. (Pubitemid 17112272)
93. Schindler CW, Tella SR, Witkin JM, Goldberg SR. Effects of cocaine alone and in combination with haloperidol and SCH 23390 on cardiovascular function in squirrel monkeys. Life Sci 1991; 48(16): 1547-54.
94. Slavik KJ, LaPointe J. Involvement of inhibitory dopamine-2 receptors in resting bradycardia in exercise-conditioned rats. J Appl Physiol 1993; 74(5): 2086-91.
95. Lahlou S. Involvement of spinal dopamine receptors in mediation of the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of systemic quinpirole in anaesthetised rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 353(2-3): 227-37. (Pubitemid 28352269)
96. Grippo AJ, Johnson AK. Stress, depression and cardiovascular dysregulation: a review of neurobiological mechanisms and the integration of research from preclinical disease models. Stress 2009; 12(1): 1-21.
97. Langer SZ. Presynaptic regulation of the release of catecholamines. Pharmac Rev 1981; 32: 337-62.
98. Starke K, Gothert M, Kilbinger H. Modulation of neurotransmitter release by presynaptic autoreceptors. Physiol Rev 1989; 69(3): 864-989. (Pubitemid 19184852)
99. Zeng C, Jose PA. Dopamine receptors: important antihypertensive counterbalance against hypertensive factors. Hypertension 2011; 57(1): 11-7.
100. Creese 1. Biochemical properties of CNS dopamine receptors. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psychopharmacology. The third generation of progress. New York: Raven Press, 1987: pp. 257-64.
101. Willems JL, Buylaert WA, Lefebvre RA, Bogaert MG. Neuronal dopamine receptors on autonomic ganglia and sympathetic nerves and dopamine receptors in gastrointestinal system. Pharmacol Rev 1985; 37(2): 165-216. (Pubitemid 16256772)
102. Amenta F, Ricci A, Tayebati SK, Zaccheo D. The peripheral dopaminergic system: morphological analysis, functional and clinical applications. Ital J Anat Embryol 2002; 107(3): 145-67.
103. Shebuski RJ, Fujita T, Smith JM Jr, Kopaciewicz LJ, Blumberg AL, Hieble JP. Suppression of sympathetic ganglionic neurotransmission by the selective dopamine-1 receptor agonist fenoldopam (SK&F 82526) in the anesthetized dog. Pharmacol Exp Ther 1985; 235(3): 735-40. (Pubitemid 16210741)
104. Mukai M, Kushiku K, Yamada H, Yamada K, Dan K, Furukawa T. The inhibition of ganglionic transmission via presynaptic dopamine DA1 and postsynaptic DA2 receptor activation in the canine cardiac sympathetic ganglia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1996; 279(2): 822-9. (Pubitemid 27166857)
105. Haeusler G, Lues I, Minck KO, Schelling P, Seyfried CA. Pharmacological basis for antihypertensive therapy with a novel dopamine agonist. Eur Heart J 1992; 13 Suppl D: 129-35.
106. Iturriaga R, Alcayaga J, Gonzalez C. Neurotransmitters in carotid body function: the case of dopamine (invited article). Adv Exp Med Biol 2009; 648: 137-43.
107. Dalmaz Y, Borghini N, Pequignot JM, Peyrin L. Involvement of dopaminergic SIF cells of rat superior cervical ganglion in response to chemereceptor stimuli. In: C. Eyzaguirre et al. (Eds.), Arterial chemoreception, New York Springer Verlag 1990; pp. 404-18.
108. Nakao N, Shintani-Mizushima A, Kakishita K, Itakura T. Transplantation of autologous sympathetic neurons as a potential strategy to restore metabolic functions of the damaged nigrostriatal dopamine nerve terminals in Parkinson's disease. Brain Res Rev 2006; 52(2): 244-56. (Pubitemid 44291803)
109. Zhang MZ, Yao B, Fang X, Wang S, Smith JP, Harris RC. Intrarenal dopaminergic system regulates renin expression. Hypertension 2009; 53(3): 564-70.
110. Claustre J, Cottet-Emard JM, Dalmaz Y, Pequignot JM, Peyrin L. Response of noradrenaline and dopamine to hypoxia and sympathectomy: evidence for an independent dopaminergic reactivity. J Auton Nerv Syst 1992; 38(1): 21-8.
111. El-Din MM, Senbel AM, Daabees TT, Sharabi FM. Peripheral modulation of dopaminergic receptors affects erectile responses in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 100(4): 225-32. (Pubitemid 46435081)
112. Anderson K, Wagner G. Physiology of penile erection. Physiol Rev 1995; 75(1): 191-236.
113. Giuliano F, Allard J. Dopamine and male sexual function. Eur Urol 2001; 40(6): 601-8. (Pubitemid 34102525)
114. Riley A, Main M, Morgan F. Inhalation device allows novel administration of apomorphine in men with erectile dysfunctionefficacy and safety findings. J Sex Med 2010; 7(4 Pt 1): 1508-17.
115. Zarrindast MR, Nojoomi K, Sharifzadeh M, Mokri A. Nitric oxide agents and apomorphine-induced rat behaviors. Pharmacology 2004; 71(4): 169-73. (Pubitemid 39070177)
116. Andersen ML, Tufik S. The effects of dopaminergic agonists on genital reflexes in paradoxical sleep-deprived male rats. Physiol Behav 2005; 84(2): 205-10. (Pubitemid 40222715)
117. Andersson K-E, Gemalmaz H, Waldeck K, Chapman TN, Tuttle JB, Steers WD. The effect of sildenafil on Apomorphine-evoked increases in intracavernous pressure in the awake rat. J Urol 1999; 161(5): 1707-12. (Pubitemid 29420867)
118. Andersen ML, Papale LA, Hipólide DC, Nobrega JN, Tufik S. Involvement of dopamine receptors in cocaine-induced genital reflexes after paradoxical sleep deprivation. Behav Brain Res 2005; 160(1): 44-50.
119. Kawano H, Kawano T, Tanaka K, Eguchi S, Takahashi A, Nakaya Y, Oshita S. Effects of dopamine on ATP sensitive potassium channels in porcine coronary artery smooth-muscle cells. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2008; 51(2): 196-201. (Pubitemid 351301481)
120. Yonezawa A, Yoshizumi M, Ise SN, Watanabe C, Mizoguchi H, Furukawa K, Tsuru H, Kimura Y, Kawatani M, Sakurada S. Synergistic actions of apomorphine and m-chlorophenylpiperazine ejaculation, but not penile erection in rats. Biomed Res 2009; 30(2): 71-8.